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M Estimate based on monitoring data or measurements for the substance. <br />Note: These are "estimates" because even the best measurements have some <br />error associated with them. <br />C Estimate based on mass balance calculations if directly used to calculate mass. <br />E Estimate based on published emission factors. <br />O Estimate based on engineering calculations (using published mathematical <br />formulas, e.g., evaporation rates) or best engineering judgment. <br />Examples of Each Estimation Method <br />1. Method M : Averages of measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) <br />in water sent to publicly owned treatment works (POTW) multiplied by the total <br />water discharge as recorded by the public utility may be used to estimate outputs <br />to the POTW of those compounds. <br />2. Method C : To estimate releases of Chemical X to air from a process vent: <br />Step 1. Draw a diagram, label all streams, and list input and output values. <br />VENT TO ATMOSPHERE - CHEMICAL X <br />OUTPUT 5 -- 500 lbs/yr. <br />MATERIALSACCOUNTING <br />BOUNDARY <br />PURCHASED PRODUCT SHIPMENT - <br />CHEMICAL X - OUTPUT2 <br />INPUT4 PROCESS 6, 000Ibs/yr. <br />8, 000 lbs✓yr. <br />2--A SOLID WASTE - <br />OUTPUT 3 <br />1,500 lbs4r <br />RECYCLED CHEMICAL X <br />2000 lbs /yr <br />Consider a unit process that uses Chemical X to produce a product. In a year, <br />10,000 pounds of Chemical X are used to produce 24,000 pounds of a product <br />containing 25% (6,000 pounds) of Chemical X by weight. The input consists of <br />8,000 pounds of purchased Chemical X and 2,000 pounds that are collected from <br />recycling. This process generates 10,000 pounds of solid waste containing 15% <br />(1,500 pounds) of Chemical X, and re- generates 2,000 pounds of Chemical X for <br />recycling. The only other unit process stream is a process vent, which emits an <br />unknown amount of Chemical X to the atmosphere. <br />Step 2. Set up equations with input streams equal to output streams. <br />Considering the quantities of Chemical X in all streams that enter or leave the <br />-21- <br />