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Anesthetics and Narcotics are substances which act on the body by <br /> depressing the central nervous system. Signs and symptoms include <br /> drowsiness, weakness, fatigue, and incoordination, unconsciousness, paralysis <br /> of the respiratory system and death. Examples include numerous hydrocarbon <br /> and organic compounds. <br /> <br />Hazardous materials may also have a wide variety of more specialized impacts on <br />human health. Other types of toxic effects are bdefly summarized in TabLe 14.1. <br /> <br /> Table 14.1 <br /> Other Types of Hazardous Nlaterials <br /> <br /> Type of Hazardous Effects on Humans <br /> <br /> Hepatotoxin Liver damage <br /> Nephrotoxin Kidney damage <br /> Neurotoxin Neurological (nerve) damage <br /> Carcinogen May result ~n cancer <br /> Mutagen May produce changes in the genebc material of ceils <br /> Teratogen May have adverse affects on sperm, ova, or fetal tissue <br /> Rad~oacbve matenals May result directly ~n radiation s~ckness at h~gh exposure levels or <br /> act as carcinogen, mutagen, or teratogen <br /> infectious substances Biological materials such as bacteria or viruses that may cause <br /> illness or death <br /> <br />Much of the information above was summarized from Chapter Six of the Handbook of <br />Chemical Hazard Analysis Procedures~. The first few chapters of this handbook <br />contain a concise summary of many of the technical aspects of hazardous materials. <br />These chapters may be useful to readers seeking a more technical introduction to the <br />nomenclature and science of hazardous materials. <br /> <br />14.3 Classification System and Emergency Response Protocols <br /> <br />A standardized system is used to classify and identify hazardous materials. The 2000 <br />Emergency Response Guidebook (A Guidebook for First Responders During the <br />Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Material Incident)2 outlines the <br />classification system. The 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook is an extremely <br />useful reference book that provides standardized first response protocols and detailed <br />reference sheets for the most common classes of hazardous materials. <br /> <br />Hazardous mateda~ releases are predominantly accidental results of traffic accidents, <br />equipment failures or human errors, in rare cases, hazardous material releases may <br />result from deliberate actions of sabotage or terrorism. <br /> <br />First responders for hazardous matedal incidents are generally public safety <br />personnel (po]ice, fire or EMS). The standard protocols for first responders are bdefly <br />summarized below, following guidance in the 2000 Emergency Response <br />Guidebook, <br /> <br />The primary guidance for first responders is to: <br /> a) resist rushing in, <br /> <br />Public Review Draft: October 12, 2004 14-3 <br /> <br /> <br />