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Section Three: Risk Assessment SECTION THREE: Risk Assessment Overall community risk management consists of risk assessment and risk control. First, the department needs to identify the magnitude and scope of the risk of fire, rescue, and medical emergencies, or other hazards that threaten life, safety, property, or the environment. This . analysis is based upon both actual and potential losses. Community Risk Assessment Components Developing a risk assessment involves six key components. These apply to all fire, rescue, first response EMS, and miscellaneous calls for services. In addition, a separate risk assessment was conducted for ambulance transport, since the area served is different, the nature of the service is by definition "not first response," and the goals for response times are set by an outside agency, i.e., Lane County. Fire Flow -- the amount of water required to both control and extinguish a fire emergency, based on the contents, square footage, construction type, and the use of combustible materials. Probability -- the likelihood that a particular event will occur within a given period of time. An event that occurs daily is highly probable. An event that occurs only once in a century is very unlikely. Probability is an estimate of how often an event will occur, based on local historical data. Consequence -- two primary components: life safety (risk to the lives of occupants and responders from life-threatening situations that include fire, rescue, hazardous substance, and emergency medical events) and economic impact (the loss of property, income, or irreplaceable assets). Occupancy Risk -- an assessment of the relative risk to life and property resulting from a fire inherent in a specific occupancy or in generic occupancy classes. Demand Zones -- geographic areas utilized to analyze risk situations. Eugene uses a three primary type of zones for analysis purposes: Response Zones are based on current fire station locations and correspond to the first-due response area for each of the stations. Fire station placement and resource assigmnent are determined by response time performance, transportation network, population, topography, construction and occupancy character, density, and the relative risk level of a particular neighborhood or area. Risk Areas are areas identified by the department based on the degree of risk and the expected level of service to be provided by EFD. The two Risk Areas are defined further in this section. 12