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topographical or utility challenges. A design exception may also be authorized in a retrofit <br />situation where an engineering study indicates a crossing is not warranted. <br />Perpendicular and parallel ramps are allowed as defined by the Proposed Accessibility <br />Guidelines. Perpendicular ramps are preferred and shall be used where conditions allow. <br />Parallel ramps may be used in the presence of curb tight sidewalk or in locations where a <br />perpendicular ramp is impractical due to topographical, right-of-way or utility challenges. <br />All new access ramps shall provide a minimum continuous clear width of 5 feet. A clear <br />width of 4 feet may be used in retrofit situations where existing infrastructure, <br />topography, or natural features warrant a reduced clear width. All new landings shall <br />provide a minimum 5 -foot by 5 -foot unobstructed area for turning space. A 4 -foot by 4 - <br />foot landing may be used in retrofit situations where existing infrastructure, topography, <br />or natural features warrant a reduced area. Landings at corners or areas with pedestrian <br />signal push buttons shall be located to provide access to the push buttons per the 2011 <br />Proposed Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right -of -Way as published by <br />the United States Access Board (located on the internet at www.access-board.gov). <br />The design of ramps shall utilize winged (flared) returns to the maximum extent practical. <br />The use of curbed returns shall be used in areas of right-of-way limitations or <br />circumstances where vertical curbing is appropriate due to grading or infrastructure <br />conflicts. In no case shall stand-alone linear curb be utilized. Underexposing wings is <br />acceptable in retrofit situations in order to maintain maximum wing slope. <br />Grade breaks shall be perpendicular to the path of travel. The remaining triangle shaped <br />area between the truncated domes and the gutter line shall be graded to a maximum 5% <br />counter slope provided it is not part of the'turning space or landing. <br />Access ramps shall be designed for directional orientation of the user. The centerline of <br />each ramp shall be oriented to line up and coincide with the centerline of the ramp on <br />the opposite side of the street as closely as practicable. The Design Engineer shall prepare <br />design detail drawings for each corner with ramps, each mid -block crossing, and every <br />other ramp location shall be included in the plans at no greater than a 1 inch = 5 feet <br />scale. Each drawing shall include complete design information such that the <br />improvements may be constructed without further design calculation by the Surveyor, <br />Inspector or Contractor. <br />Access ramp drawings shall include dimensions for all features of the new improvements, <br />including but not limited to: <br />Public Improvement Design Standards Manual, 2016 Page 2-7 <br />