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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Connolly, J.P., Paquin, P.R., Mulligan, T.J., Wu, K.B., and
<br /> Davanzo, L., 1990, Calcium magnesium acetate bio-
<br /> There were no discernible differences in BOD (bio- degradation and its impact on surface waters: In Gold-
<br />chemical oxygen demand), calcium concentration, or mag- man, C.R., and Malyj, G.J., (eds.) The Environmental
<br />nesium concentration for Bear Creek and its tributaries Impact of Highway Deicing--Proceedings of a sym-
<br />before and after the application of CMA to U.S. Highway posium held October 13, 1989 at the University of
<br />26. Concentrations of BOD in the water samples were California, Davis Campus: Institute of Ecology, no.
<br />small. Five-day BOD values ranged from 0.1 mg/L to 33, p. 140-156.
<br />1.5 mg/L, and 20-day BOD values ranged from 0.2 mg/L Hem, J.D., 1989, Study and interpretation of the chemical
<br />to 2.0 mg/L. The samples from the North Ditch site had rel- characteristics of natural water (3rd ed.): U.S. Geo-
<br />atively large values for 20-day BOD, chemical oxygen logical Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p.
<br />demand, and dissolved organic carbon, possibly due to Homer, R.R., 1988, National Cooperative Highway
<br />enrichment from sources of organic matter not related to Research Program Report 305: Environmental moni-
<br />CMA application, toting and evaluation of calcium magnesium acetate
<br /> When CMA solutions were added to Bear Creek (CMA): Transportation Research Board, National
<br />water samples to make spiked samples of known concentra- Research Council, Washington D.C., 27 p.
<br />tion, the resulting BODs were so large that even after 20 Leonard, A.R., and Collins, C.A., 1983, Ground water in
<br />days of incubation, dissolved oxygen was still being con- the northern part of Clackamas County, Oregon: U.S.
<br />sumed. The ultimate BODs of the spiked samples were cai- Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1049, 85 p.
<br />culated stoichiomettically, and they showed agreement with Owenby, J.R., and Ezell, D.S., 1992, Monthly station nor-
<br />the 20-day BOD values, mals of temperature, precipitation, and heating and
<br /> Dissolved copper concentrations in North Ditch cooling degree days, 1961-90: Climatography of the
<br />exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency United States No. 81, National Oceanic and Atmo-
<br />aquatic life criterion on several occasions. These exceed- spheric Administration, variously paged.
<br />ances were probably not caused by the application of CMA Peck, D.L., Griggs, A.B. Schlicker, H.G., Wells, F.G., and
<br />because (1) one of the samples was a background sample Dole, H.M., 1964, Geology of the central and north-
<br />(no recent CMA application), and (2) dissolved copper was em parts of the Western Cascade Range in Oregon:
<br />not detected in the CMA spikes. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 449, 56 p.
<br /> The quality control portion of the study included field Transportation Research Board, 1991, Highway deicing--
<br />blanks and replicate samples. Field blanks for BOD and Comparing salt and calcium magnesium acetate--
<br />dissolved organic carbon showed no significant contamina- National Research Council: Washington D.C., Special
<br />tion. Field blanks for major ions and trace elements showed Report 235, 170 p.
<br />no detections, but dissolved nitrate and dissolved ortho- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999, National
<br />phosphorus were detected at or near the minimum reporting Recommended Water Quality Criteria--Correction:
<br />level. The replicate samples showed small variability. EPA 822-Z-99-001, 25 p.
<br /> Wise, D.L., Levendis, Y.A., and Metghalchi, M., eds, 1991,
<br /> Calcium magnesium acetate--An emerging bulk
<br />REFERENCES CITED chemical for environmental applications--Industrial
<br /> Chemistry Library--Volume 2: New York, Elsevier
<br />American Public Health Association, American Water Science Publishers, 219 p.
<br /> Works Association, and Water Environment Federa- Young, G.K, Stein, S., Cole, P., Kammer, T., Graziano, F.,
<br /> tion, 1998, Standard methods for the examination of and Bank, F., 1996, Evaluation and management of
<br /> water and wastewater (20th ed.): Washington, D.C., highway runoff water quality, 1996: Federal High-
<br /> American Public Health Association, [variously way Administration Final Report FHWA-PD-96-032,
<br /> paged]. 480 p.
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