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<br />A third way to evaluate GHG emissions is by their “scope”, defined by the degree of <br />direct or indirect control an entity has over the emissions related to its activities. <br />According to the ICLEI (Local Governments for Sustainability) Draft Local Government <br />Operations Protocol, Scope 1 includes all direct GHG emissions such as vehicle fuels and <br />natural gas in buildings, excluding CO2 emissions from biomass combustion; Scope 2 <br />includes indirect GHG emissions related to the consumption of electricity, steam, heating, <br />or cooling energy purchased from a third party or utility, amd Scope 3 includes all other <br />indirect emissions not covered in Scope 2, i.e. upstream and downstream sources outside <br />the City’s direct control to manage. It is expected that future reporting required under <br />both ICLEI and the Climate Registry will be based on the concept of “Scope,” with GHG <br />emissions levels and targets expressed in terms of Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions. <br />For the City of Eugene’s operations, GHG emissions in Scope 1 include natural gas used <br />in buildings, and for wastewater treatment and all fuels used in the vehicle fleet – <br />biodiesel, diesel, ULSD and gasoline. Scope 2 emissions include electricity for buildings, <br />streetlights and signals, and wastewater treatment, as well as EWEB steam used in City <br />buildings. Scope 3 emissions include gasoline from employee commuting, and waste <br />products produced by City operations including paper, plant debris, food waste and <br />wood/textiles. As shown in the graph on page 5, Scope 1 is the largest contributor of <br />GHG emissions for the City. This category increased from 55% of total emissions in <br />2000 to 60% in 2005. Natural gas used in City buildings and gasoline consumed by fleet <br />vehicles are the largest emission sources within this category for both years. Scope 2 <br />emissions, primarily electricity and steam purchased from EWEB, declined from 34% of <br />total emission in 2000 to 28% in 2005. Scope 3 emissions - primarily related to <br />employee commute and solid waste from City operations - increased from 11% of total <br />City emissions to 12% from 2000 to 2005. <br /> 4 <br />