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<br />subsection, gravel surfaces are not acceptable as porous paving or as an <br />infiltration device. <br />(7) Site Layout. On sites where the /WR conservation area is reduced, high <br />intensity uses within the entire development site, including high volume traffic <br />lanes and truck loading docks, shall be designed and located so that adverse <br />impacts to wetland and riparian habitats within the /WR conservation area are <br />minimized to the greatest extent practicable. <br />(8) Lighting. Within the /WR conservation area, and within areas removed from <br />the /WR conservation area, outdoor area lighting shall be prohibited, except to <br />illuminate walkways, bike paths, pedestrian gathering areas, and parking <br />areas, where these facilities are intended to be used after dark. Outdoor area <br />lighting is lighting designed to illuminate an outdoor activity area, trail or bicycle <br />path. Where lighting is to be provided within the /WR conservation area and <br />within areas removed from the /WR conservation area, the following standards <br />shall apply: <br />(a) Illumination for walkways, pathways or pedestrian gathering areas shall <br />be no more than an average maintained luminance of 0.5 foot-candle at <br />grade. <br />(b) Output from all other light sources shall be no more than an average <br />maintained luminance of 0.9 foot-candle at grade. <br />(c) All lighting fixtures shall be designed to direct light downward to areas <br />intended for human use after dark, and shall be shielded such that light <br />shining toward /WR conservation areas is minimized to the maximum <br />extent practicable. <br />(9) Trails. Within the /WR conservation area, trails shall be constructed of gravel, <br />wood chips or other pervious material, unless otherwise approved by the city <br />manager or decision-maker. Trail construction shall involve the least removal <br />of native vegetation practicable for the area and the minimum amount of fill or <br />excavation practicable. <br />(10) Stream and Channel Crossings. Bridges or other structures that cross <br />streams or wetlands within the /WR conservation area or areas removed from <br />the /WR conservation area shall be constructed so that water flow, vegetation <br />growth and movement of aquatic animals and water dependent wildlife are <br />impeded to the least extent practicable. To meet this standard, bridges and <br />crossings shall include, but are not limited to, applicable items from the <br />following list: <br />(a) Bridges across Category A or Category B streams as identified in the <br />Goal 5 Water Resources Conservation Plan shall, where practicable, be <br />designed to avoid channel constriction when flows reach the top of high <br />bank. Where practicable, bridges shall span a distance 1.2 times the <br />width of the stream channel from top of high bank to top of high bank to <br />help prevent scouring within the structure or at the outlet during less <br />frequent floods. <br />(b) Crossings over Category A or Category B streams as identified in the <br />Goal 5 Water Resources Conservation Plan shall utilize bridges or <br />natural substrate culverts where possible. Where practicable, the lower <br />lip of any natural substrate culvert shall be embedded at least 1 foot for <br />box culverts and pipe arches, and at least 25% of the pipe diameter for <br />pipe culverts. The substrate within the structure shall match the <br />composition of the substrate in the natural stream channel at the time of <br />construction. The substrate shall either resist displacement during flood <br /> <br />Ordinance - 17 <br />