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Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): A term generally used for an aggregate geographic area having an urban core of at least 50,000 residents inclusive of not only a well known city population, but also its inner city, suburban, exurban and sometimes rural surrounding populations, all of which are influenced by employment, transportation, and commerce of the more largely well known urban city. Metropolitan Transportation Improvement Program (MTIP): An MPO’s Transportation Investment Program, which identifies project scopes, budgets and timing for delivery within the MPO. Mitigation: Specifically in the case of climate change, mitigation encompasses activities devised to reduce the emission of GHGs and thereby limit associated climate change. Modes: Various means of moving people and/or goods such as walking, bicycles, automobiles, public transit, trucks, rail, etc. Plan: A scheme or method of acting, doing, proceeding, making, etc., developed in advance. Regional Transportation Plan (RTP): The federally-required multimodal transportation plan that is developed and adopted by a MPO for a metropolitan planning area.RTPs must be fiscally constrained and demonstrate conformity with federal air quality requirements. Under the TPR, cities and counties in metropolitan areas are required to adopt a Regional Transportation System Plan (RTSP). The TPR directs that local governments, insofar as possible, use the same process to develop the federal and state plans. There are additional requirements involving air quality conformity. Smart growth: Smart growth, as described by the American Planning Association, means using comprehensive planning to guide, design, develop, revitalize, and build communities for all that: have a unique sense of community and place; preserve and enhance valuable natural and cultural resources; equitably distribute the costs and benefits of development; expand the range of transportation, employment and housing choices in a fiscally responsible manner; value long-range, regional considerations of sustainability over short term incremental geographically isolated actions; and promote public health and healthy communities. See also compact growth. Transportation Demand Management (TDM): Actions or programs that encourage people to travel at alternative times or with fewer vehicles, e.g., rideshare/carpool programs, transit fare discount programs, and flextime. Transportation Improvement Program (TIP): A program of intermodal transportation projects, to be implemented over several years, growing out of the planning process and designed to improve transportation in a community. This program is required as a condition of a locality receiving federal transit and highway grants. Page 33