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Rutting: When the traffic of the street becomes heavy for long periods of times the asphalt <br />begins to sink into the wheel path of the vehicles causing a rut. When there is a rut it is <br />usually a long length of the road and is 1 to 2 feet wide and there are almost always two ruts, <br />one for each side of the vehicle. <br />Joint Spalling: Spalling is the deterioration of the edges of a concrete slab within 2 feet <br />(0.6m) of the joint. The edges get chipped off concrete slabs causing spalling. Spalling is <br />caused by heavy traffic loads and environmental factors. <br />Raveling: The roads, mainly asphalt, over time become worn out and rough not smooth as <br />when they were first put in, often due to age and the effects of UV rays. Raveling measures <br />the severity of the roughness and coarseness of the top layer of the street. <br />