HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem B: West Eugene EmX Extension Update
ECC
UGENE ITY OUNCIL
AIS
GENDA TEM UMMARY
Work Session: West Eugene EmX Extension Update
Meeting Date: September 8, 2008 Agenda Item Number: B
Department: Public Works Staff Contact: Mark Schoening
www.eugene-or.gov Contact Telephone Number: 682-5243
ISSUE STATEMENT
At this council work session, LTD staff will provide an update on the project including elements of the
National Environmental Policy Act process, decision-making for the West Eugene EmX Extension
project, progress to-date, and process from this point forward.
BACKGROUND
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The council voted on October 9, 2006, to identify West 11 Avenue as the City’s priority for the next
EmX corridor study. At its October 18, 2006, meeting, the LTD Board of Directors endorsed the Eugene
City Council action. Based on this direction, staff began work on planning for the West Eugene EmX
Extension.
The attached memo from LTD staff provides a detailed overview of the process for the West Eugene
EmX Extension.
RELATED CITY POLICIES
From Eugene-Springfield Transportation System Plan (TransPlan):
TSI Transit Policy #2: Bus Rapid Transit
Establish a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system composed of frequent, fast transit service along major
corridors and neighborhood feeder service that connects with the corridor service and with activity
centers, if the system is shown to increase transit mode split along BRT corridors, if local
governments demonstrate support, and if financing for the system is feasible.
From Adopted Growth Management Policies:
Growth Management Policy 11
Increase the use of alternative modes of transportation by improving the capacity, design, safety, and
convenience of the transit, bicycle, and pedestrian transportation systems.
COUNCIL OPTIONS
This is an informational meeting; therefore, there are no options for the council to consider.
Z:\CMO\2008 Council Agendas\M080908\S080908B.doc
CITY MANAGER’S RECOMMENDATION
None.
SUGGESTED MOTION
None.
ATTACHMENTS
A. Memo from LTD staff
B. Project Timeline
C. Committee Membership
D. Revised Purpose, Need, Goal and Objectives Statement
E.Final Range of Alternatives Map
F.Proposed Range of Environmental Disciplines
G.Map of Metro Waterways Study – Reach 5
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Staff Contact: Mark Schoening
Telephone: 682-5243
Staff E-Mail: Mark.A.Schoening@ci.eugene.or.us
Z:\CMO\2008 Council Agendas\M080908\S080908B.doc
ATTACHMENT A
September 2, 2008
To: Eugene City Council
From: Tom Schwetz, LTD Director of Planning and Development
Subject:
WEST EUGENE EMX EXTENSION (WEEE) PROJECT UPDATE
Background
Since the Council last met with the LTD Board in November 2007, considerable
progress has been made on the West Eugene EmX Extension (WEEE) project.
This memorandum provides background on the status of the project in
preparation for the Council’s briefing on September 8.
Initiation of the WEEE Project
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On October 9, 2006, the Eugene City Council voted to recommend the West 11 corridor as the
next EmX line to study in Eugene. At its October 18, 2006, meeting, the LTD Board of Directors
endorsed the Eugene City Council action. Based on this direction, staff began work on planning
for the West Eugene EmX Extension.
On September 18, 2007, LTD formally initiated the process for the development of an
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the West Eugene EmX Extension project. This process
is required under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for projects using federal funds.
Elements of NEPA Process
The elements of the NEPA process involve a series of activities leading to the selection of a
Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA) and a finalization of the Environmental Impact Statement
(EIS). These activities include the following:
1. Project Initiation – Development of project purpose and need and project goals and objectives
development of a proposed range of alternatives
2. Project Scoping – Public and participating agency review and comment on the proposed
range of alternatives, project purpose and need/goals and objectives, range of environmental
concerns
3. Analysis of Alternatives and Development of Draft EIS – The range of reasonable alternatives
is evaluated to determine benefits, costs, and impacts on a broad range of environmental
concerns. This evaluation is documented in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement, which
is distributed for 60 days for public and participating agency review and comment.
4. Selection of a Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA) – The Eugene City Council, the LTD Board
of Directors, and the Metropolitan Policy Committee (MPC) consider public and participating
agency comment, advice from the WEEE Corridor Committee, and recommendations from the
EmX Steering Committee in reaching a mutually agreed upon LPA.
5. Finalization of EIS – The Final EIS is prepared and published. The Final EIS includes
responses to public and agency comments on the Draft EIS. It also specifies commitment to
mitigate certain impacts.
6. FTA Record of Decision – FTA issues a Record of Decision upon its approval of the Final EIS.
This acceptance becomes the basis for funding the design and construction of the project.
The overall timeline for the project is provided as Attachment 1.
Decision-Making for the WEEE Project
Given the Council’s central role in the WEEE project decision-making, it is worth outlining the
underlying purpose of the NEPA process being conducted. Overall, the process is focused on
supporting the decision-making process for large capital projects like the WEEE. The underlying
purpose of this process includes the following:
Consideration of a broad range of alternatives
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Assessing the impacts of those alternatives on a broad scope of environmental concerns
?
Providing for a process of extensive public engagement
?
The primary decision made as part of this process is selection of the Locally Preferred Alternative
(LPA). The comprehensive set of impacts being evaluated means that there will likely be a
complex and interrelated set of tradeoffs to consider when selecting the LPA. The environmental
process is oriented to support that decision through a series of deliberate steps (the elements
described above). The LPA decision is regional in nature and involves the Eugene City Council,
the LTD Board of Directors, and the MPC (acting as the Metropolitan Planning Organization)
working toward selection of a common alternative.
LTD has established a committee structure to support the LPA decision-making. The EmX
Steering Committee is a standing committee established by the LTD Board of Directors to advise
the Board on EmX implementation. The committee is composed of Board members, elected
officials from other agencies (including Councilor Polling), and members of the public. The West
Eugene EmX Extension Corridor Committee was established to bring decision-makers (LTD
Board of Directors and Eugene City Council members) together with members of the public who
have a stake in the corridor. The Corridor Committee provides advice to both the LTD Board of
Directors and the EmX Steering Committee. The Project Management Group, a committee of
executive-level staff from LTD, Eugene, and LCOG, has also been formed to help coordinate the
project and direct more detailed aspects of the project. The membership lists for these
committees are attached.
In addition to the local decision-making process, there is a public agency coordination process
involving federal, state, and local agencies who have a regulatory or infrastructure stake in the
project planning. The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) plays a unique role among the public
agencies involved in that it is the Federal Lead Agency for the project and will ultimately be
approving the Environmental Impact Statement and issuing a Record of Decision.
As described above, one of the foundational elements of the decision-making process is the
extensive public engagement. This process is described in more detail in the remaining sections
of this memo.
Progress to Date
To date, the project has moved through the Initiation and Scoping phases and is entering into the
analysis of alternatives and preparation of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS). The
primary products of the Project Initiation phase were a draft Purpose and Need and Goal and
Objectives statement, and a proposed set of alternatives to take into the Scoping phase. Also
produced was a Coordination Plan outlining the agency coordination for the project and a Public
Involvement Plan (PIP).
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Public involvement efforts include outreach, community design workshops (CDWs), open houses,
speakers’ bureau events, Board meetings, committees, and agency involvement. Strategies used
to keep the public and agencies informed include the LTD website, four newsletters, and booths at
special events, many of which are intended to provide innovative ways of involving members of
the public who do not usually participate in projects like this. Material and resources are available
in Spanish and can be made to meet ADA requirements.
LTD worked closely with staff from the City of Eugene, Lane Council of Governments, WEEE
Corridor Committee members, West Eugene Collaborative (WEC), and the public to finalize the
Purpose, Need, Goal and Objectives (PNGO) Statement and the Final Range of Alternatives.
LTD held two public open house meetings, one public agency resource meeting, and several
outreach meetings with individuals and groups (such as city neighborhood associations).
Comments received during the Scoping phase were used by the Board of Directors, in
consultation with the FTA, in making their decision on the project’s Purpose and Need/Goals and
Objectives and Range of Alternatives in March 2008 (Attachments 3 and 4). This included the
decision to eliminate the option of an EmX route along West 11th between Jefferson and
Chambers. Due to the unlikelihood of future dedicated EmX lanes on West 11th in this segment,
this part of the alternative was taken out of the final Range of Alternatives.
In addition, the Scoping Process included public review and comment on the proposed range of
environmental disciplines to be studied in an EIS. The Board of Directors adopted a Proposed
Range of Environmental Disciplines as part of its Scoping actions in March 2008. Table 2
provides a listing of the Proposed Range Environmental Disciplines for the project. A description
of the impacts assessed within each discipline is provided as Attachment 5.
Process From Here
In order to conduct an analysis of the alternative and length alignments, a conceptual engineering-
level design must be prepared. This provides enough specification of how the alignment would
operate to allow the impact analysis to take place.
This process has begun with the creation of one or more sketch-level alternative design concepts
for each alignment, except for the Amazon Alignment, which is discussed below. To engage the
public in a discussion of these sketch-level designs, LTD held five Community Design Workshops
in July and August. A Resource Agency workshop will be held on September 9, 2008. Each
workshop had more than 20 non-LTD staff members in attendance. Over 100 comments were
collected for each alternative at each workshop. Table 1 below provides an overview of the
workshop details.
The public input on the alternative design options will be used by staff to refine the sketch-level
designs as a basis for creating the conceptual designs employed as part of the analysis of
alternatives. This refinement process will include consideration of each design option to:
?
Avoid and minimize impacts,
?
Address traffic conditions, and
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Optimize operations and design
A “Report Back” on the process, presentation material, and public feedback at the workshops will
be presented at an open house to be held on October 20, 2008.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) is expected to be completed by mid-2009.
Following a 60-day public review period, the Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA) will be selected in
late 2009. By mid-2010, the Final EIS is expected to be prepared and published, including
3
responses to comments from the public and public agencies on the DEIS and a thorough
evaluation of impacts and identification of required mitigation. With the completion of the Final
EIS, the selected alternative will move into design and construction. Service could be expected to
begin in 2014.
Amazon Alignment
The Amazon Alignment is unique in that, unlike the other alignments, it has no right of way to work
with. The general concept of the alignment is to have EmX run adjacent to the channel between
th.
Garfield Street and where the channel crosses under West 11Avenue. Station locations would
most likely be at the point where streets currently cross the channel. Because the City and the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are currently engaged in the preparation of an Environmental
Assessment (a federally required process similar to the one being used for the WEEE), there are
also coordination opportunities with the Amazon alignment. The Amazon Enhancement project is
part of the Metro Waterways Study currently underway. This stretch along the Amazon Channel
is known as “Reach 5” and has been identified by City staff as a high priority area for restoration.
A map of the Reach 5 enhancement strategies is provided as Attachment 6 to this memorandum.
One coordination opportunity is shared funding. For example, one of the primary strategies being
looked at in the Amazon Enhancement project is to widen the channel through that reach of the
Amazon. This would require a lengthening of the spans of the various streets that cross the
channel. Because the EmX stations for this alignment would be at the cross streets, there may be
opportunities for jointly funding the bridge-widening elements of the Amazon Enhancement
project.
LTD staff are currently working with Eugene Parks and Open Space staff to determine the extent
of these opportunities. The intent is to explore options that would minimize impact to the
environment and enhance or support the goals presented in the City’s Metro Waterways Study.
There seem to be opportunities, but details that would allow the drawing of design options (such
as the exact placement of an EmX alignment in the context of a widening of the channel) remain
to be resolved. LTD is approaching the design of this alignment with the following design
objectives:
• Preserve the multi-use path
• Where possible, separate the multi-use path from EmX (opposite sides of the creek)
• Incorporate Metro Waterways goals and objectives for the Amazon Channel
• Contribute to the enhancement of the channel
Wrap-Up
To recap, the federally required environmental process being conducted for the WEEE project is
intended to provide the Eugene City Council, LTD Board of Directors, and the MPC with a
deliberate and robust decision-making process. The cornerstones of that process are extensive
public engagement and a thorough analysis of a range of alternatives. The deliberative nature of
the process means that it will be at least 9-10 months before the analysis of alternatives is
complete and a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) is available for public review.
Following public review of the DEIS, the Eugene City Council, the LTD Board of Directors, and the
MPC will begin the process of selecting a Locally Preferred Alternative. In the interim, the Council
will receive regular updates on the status of the project.
4
Table 1
Summary of the WEEE Community Design Workshop Process
Workshop Date Location Alternative Attendance Comments
thth
Monday, July 7, 2008 Eugene 6 / 7 26 135
6 p.m. to 8 p.m. Library
Tuesday, July 8, 2008 Faith Center W. 13th 27 140
6 p.m. to 8 p.m.
thth
Monday, July 28, 2008 Eugene Elks W. 11, 7 Place, 31 160
6 p.m. to 8 p.m. Lodge Stewart Road
Monday, August 18, 2008 Eugene Elks Amazon Channel 37 236
6 p.m. to 8 p.m. Lodge
Wednesday, August 20, 2008 Eugene Elks All Alternatives 22 22
2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Lodge Open House
Tuesday, September 9, 2008 Downtown Resource Agency NA NA
10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Athletic Club Workshop
Monday, October 20, 2008 Faith Center Open House NA NA
Table 2
Range of Environmental Disciplines
to be Addressed in West Eugene EmX Extension
??
Land Use Acquisition and Displacements
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Socioeconomic Noise
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Air Quality Visual and Aesthetic Resources
??
Utilities Historic, Archaeological and Cultural
Resources
??
Public Parks and Recreation Areas and Hazardous Materials
Wildlife and Waterfowl Refuges
??
Geology and Earthquake Standards Biological Resources and Endangered
Species
??
Wetlands and Waters of the State and Water Quality, Hydrology and
U.S. Floodplains
??
Energy and Sustainability Construction Activities
??
Cumulative and Secondary Impacts Transportation
ATTACHMENTS:
B. Project Timeline
C. Committee Membership
D. Revised Purpose, Need, Goal and Objectives Statement
E. Final Range of Alternatives Map
F. Proposed Range of Environmental Disciplines
G. Map of Metro Waterways Study – Reach 5
5
Attachment C
LTD Board of Directors
Debbie Davis, Subdistrict 1, East Springfield to the McKenzie Bridge area
Mike Eyster, Subdistrict 2, West Springfield area
Michael Dubick, Subdistrict 3, Southeast Eugene, Creswell, Cottage Grove, and Lowell areas
Ed Necker, Subdistrict 4, North Eugene (east of River Road) and the Coburg areas
Gerry Gaydos, Subdistrict 5, Central and West Eugene, including the University area and
downtown, and the Whiteaker, Jefferson, and West Side neighborhoods
Greg Evans, Subdistrict 6, West Eugene/ Highway 99, River Road, and Junction City areas
Dean Kortge, Subdistrict 7, Southwest Eugene, Veneta, and Fern Ridge areas
EmX Steering Committee
Steve Gordon, Citizen
Councilor George Poling, Eugene City Council
Gerry Gaydos, LTD Board of Directors
Greg Evans, LTD Board of Directors
Commissioner Bobbie Green Sr., Lane County Board of Commissioners
Sonny Chickering, Oregon Department of Transportation
Dan Egan, Springfield Chamber of Commerce
Dave Jewett, Thorp, Purdy, Jewett, Urness and Wilkenson PC
Debbie Davis, LTD Board of Directors
Hillary Wylie, Springfield City Council
Tammy Fitch, Wilson-Heirgood Associates
West Eugene EmX Corridor Committee
Ann Angvick LTD Accessible Transportation Committee
Peter Bungum Far West Neighborhood Association
Greg Evans EmX Steering Committee/LTD Board of Directors
Gerry Gaydos EmX Steering Committee/LTD Board of Directors
Commissioner Bobbie Green Lane County Board of Commissioners
Ric Ingham City of Veneta
Ilona Koleszar 3RT/Study Area Resident
Dean Kortge, PhD LTD Board of Directors
Garrick Mishaga Jefferson/Westside Neighborhood Association
Councilor Chris Pryor Eugene City Council
Micah Sardell Whiteaker Neighborhood Resident
Will Shaver Churchill Neighborhood Association
Councilor Jennifer Solomon Eugene City Council
Jim Thomas Local Business/Property Owner
Kari Turner Architectural Design Specialist/Study Area Resident
Rob Zako Environmental
Anand Keathley Whiteaker Community Council
West Eugene EmX Project Management Group
Kurt Corey – City of Eugene George Kloeppel – LCOG
Rob Inerfeld – City of Eugene Sonny Chickering – ODOT
Mark Pangborn – LTD
Stefano Viggiano – LTD
Tom Schwetz – LTD: Project Manager and Lead Staff
Attachment F
Proposed Environmental Disciplines to be Studied in the
West Eugene EmX Extension Project AA/DEIS
Transportation
•
Current and anticipated use of transportation facilities
– Includes pedestrian and bicycle facilities
•
Potential impacts of alternatives on transportation facilities
•
Proposed measures, if any, to avoid or reduce adverse impacts to facilities and its
users
•
For proposed new facilities include basis for providing facilities
Land Use
•
Identify
– Current development trends
– State and local government plans and policies on land use and growth
•
Assess
– Consistency of alternatives
Adopted comprehensive development plans
•
Any other plans used in development of transportation plan
•
– Induced development
– Where possible, distinguish between planned and unplanned growth
Land Use/Farmlands
• Farmland includes
1) prime
–
2) unique
–
3) other than prime or unique that is of statewide importance
–
4) other than prime or unique that is of local importance
–
• Summarize early consultation with Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and, as
appropriate, State and local agriculture agencies
• Assess direct and indirect impacts to farmlands
Acquisition and Displacements
•
Identify partial and full property acquisitions
•
Summarize relocation information including anticipated problems and proposed
solutions
•
Reference project relocation documents
– Acquisition and relocation will be conducted in accordance with the Uniform
Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, as
amended
– Relocation resources are available to all residential and business relocates without
discrimination
•
If displacements are anticipated
Residential
–
Estimated number of households
•
1
Comparable available housing in area
•
Affected neighborhoods, public facilities, non-profit organizations
•
Measures to be taken where existing housing inventory is insufficient
•
Business
–
Estimated number of businesses and farm
•
Descriptions, types of occupancy, and # employees
–
Relocation sites available in area
•
Likelihood of such relocation
•
Potential impacts on individual businesses and farms
•
Coordination with local governments, organizations, groups, and individuals
•
Socioeconomic
Socioeconomic - Community
• Changes in neighborhoods or community cohesion
Splitting neighborhoods
–
Isolating portions of neighborhoods or ethnic groups
–
Generating new development
–
Changing property values
–
Separating residents from community facilities
–
• Changes in travel patterns and accessibility
• Impacts on school districts, recreation areas, churches, businesses, police and fire
protection, etc.
Direct impacts to entities
–
Indirect impacts resulting from displacement of households and businesses
–
• Impacts on overall public safety
• Beneficial or adverse impacts to general social groups
Elderly, handicapped, non-drivers, transit-dependent, minority and ethnic groups,
–
etc.
• Beneficial or adverse impacts on minority or ethnic populations
Population
–
Number of displaced residents
–
Type and number of displaced businesses
–
Estimated number of displaced employees per business sector
–
Changes in ethnic or minority employment opportunities
–
Relationship of proposed project to other Federal actions which may serve or
–
adversely affect ethnic or minority populations
Whether any social group is disproportionately impacted
–
Socioeconomic - Economic
•
Economic impacts on regional and/or local economy
– Effects on development, tax revenues and public expenditures, employment
opportunities, accessibility, and retail sales
•
Impacts on economic vitality of existing area businesses and resultant impact on local
economy
•
Impacts on established business districts
2
Noise
• Identify noise sensitive areas
Residences, businesses, schools, parks, nursing homes, etc.
–
Number and types of activities
–
• Extent of impact (in decibels) at each sensitive area
Comparison of predicted noise levels with existing noise levels
–
• Noise abatement measures
Reasonable and feasible
–
Estimated costs, decibel reductions and height and length of barriers, etc.
–
• Noise impacts for which no prudent solution is reasonably available and reasons why
Air Quality
• Discussion of transportation-related air quality concerns
• Summary of project-related carbon monoxide (CO) analysis, if performed
– 1-hour and 8-hour analysis, as appropriate
Comparison between alternatives and with applicable State and national
–
standards
• Other analysis, as appropriate
Regional air quality concerns
–
Regional air quality conformity
–
Air quality emissions inventories in State Implementation Plan (SIP)
–
Transportation control measures
–
Visual and Aesthetic Resources
•
Impacts to existing visual resources, view sheds
•
Relationship of impacts to potential viewers of project
•
Relationship of impacts to potential viewers from project
•
Discussion of consideration given to design quality, art, and architecture in project
planning
Utilities
•
Identify existing and planned utilities
–
Owner, type, size, location, etc
•
Impacts to each type of utility
–
Modifications, relocations, timing, costs, etc
•
Impacts to users of each type of utility
–
Time and duration of service disruptions, costs to businesses, etc
•
Coordination with utility purveyors
Historic, Archaeological and Cultural Resources
Requires coordination with FTA and SHPO
•
Historic resources
•
Determine significance and eligibility for National Register of Historic Places
–
Archeological resources
•
3
Determine if warrants preservation in place or value is in data recovery
–
Address Section 4(f) of the DOT Act of 1966
•
Use of historic resources on or eligible for the National Register
–
Archeological resources on or eligible for the National Register and which warrant
–
preservation in place
Document coordination with SHPO
•
As appropriate, coordinate with Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP)
•
Demonstrate all requirements of 36 CFR 800 have been met
•
For final EIS include Findings of Effect and any required and executed memorandum
•
of agreement (MOA)
Public Parks and Recreation Areas and Wildlife and Waterfowl Refuges
Identify publicly owned
•
Public parks,
–
Recreation areas,
–
Wildlife and waterfowl refuges of national, state, or local significance,
–
Lands of an historic site of national, state, or local significance (as determined by
–
the federal, state, or local officials having jurisdiction over the park, area, refuge,
or site)
Determine eligibility under Section 4(f) of DOT Act of 1966 and address as
•
appropriate
Prepare Section 4(f) evaluation
–
If use of Section 4(f) land requires concurrency of other Federal agencies, prepare
–
additional require determinations
Coordinate with public officials having jurisdiction over Section 4(f) land
–
Document agency position on Section 6(f) land transfer
•
Hazardous Materials
• Identify location of permitted and non-regulated hazardous waste sites
• Summarize methods consistent with local, state and federal regulations
• Document coordination with appropriate Regional Office of EPA and appropriate
State agency
• If known or potential hazardous waste site is affected by alternative
Information about site
–
Potential involvement, impacts and public health concerns
–
Proposed mitigation measures to eliminate or minimize impacts or public health
–
concerns
Geology and Earthquake Standards
•
Describe geologic, soil and seismic conditions in vicinity of project area
•
Identify impacts of project alternatives on these conditions
•
Identify impacts of geotechnical conditions on transportation facility
Biological Resources and Endangered Species
Fish, wildlife, plants, endangered species, critical habitat
•
Obtain species and critical habitat information from appropriate resource agencies
•
4
Conduct field investigations
•
Determine presence or absence
•
Listed and proposed threatened or endangered species
–
Designated and proposed critical habitat
–
Identify location and extent of any water body modifications
•
If proposed species or critical habitat may be present, prepare evaluation or biological
•
assessment
Conduct and document consultation with resource agencies
•
Document efforts to avoid, minimize, or reduce project impacts including reasonable
•
and prudent alternatives to avoid impacts
Wetlands and Waters of State and US
•
Identify existing wetlands and waters of the State and US
•
Identify and evaluate any impacts to wetlands
•
Determination there are no practicable alternatives
•
Determine mitigation efforts necessary to minimize harm to wetlands, including
preservation and improvement of existing wetlands and creation of new wetlands
Water Quality, Hydrology and Floodplains
•
Identify water resources and floodplains
•
Describe ambient conditions and water quality trend data
•
Identify potential impacts
– Nonpoint source pollution on sensitive water resources
– Principal or sole-source aquifer areas
– Wellhead protection areas
– 100-year floodplains and floodways
•
Document coordination with local, state and federal agencies
Energy and Sustainability
•
Identify regulations, plans and policies related to sustainability and energy
consumption
•
Conduct evaluations appropriate to identified regulations and policies, such as
– Energy analysis including construction and operational energy requirements and
conservation potential of various alternatives under consideration
– Carbon footprint analysis
•
Determine major direct and indirect impacts
•
Identify opportunities for conservation
Construction Activities
•
Identify short-term impacts associated with construction activities
–
Air, noise, water, traffic congestion, detours, safety, visual, etc.
–
Address impacts of obtaining borrow material or disposal of waste material
•
Identify appropriate mitigation measures
5
Cumulative and Secondary Impacts
Secondary effects
•
Impacts "caused by an action and are later in time or farther removed in distance
–
but are still reasonably foreseeable" (40 CFR 1508.8)
Generally, induced by the initial action
–
Include changes in land use, water quality, social conditions, economic vitality and
–
population density
Cumulative effects
•
Impacts which result from incremental consequences of an action when added to
–
other past and reasonably foreseeable future-actions (40 CFR 1508.7)
Less defined than secondary effects
–
Cumulative effects of an action may be undetectable when viewed in the individual
–
context of direct and even secondary impacts, but nonetheless can add to other
disturbances and eventually lead to a measurable environmental change
•
Review other analyses conducted
•
Consult with appropriate agencies and organizations
•
Consider public and agency input
•
Determine secondary and cumulative impacts
6