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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAdmin Order 58-99-05 Administrative Order No. 58-99-05 of the Traffic Engineer of the City of Eugene, Oregon Stewart Road Closure west of Bailey Hill Road The Traffic Engineer of the City of Eugene finds that: A. The Eugene Code provides that the City Manager or the manager's designee shall exercise specific traffic duties by administrative action, including: ~ Closing a street to vehicular or pedestrian traffic; and ~ Providing for and regulating access to and from any street. B. Stewart Road is a two lane, two way road between Bailey Hill Road and Bertelsen Road. The eastern portion has an unimproved, asphalt mat surface with numerous potholes while the western portion has an improved asphaltic concrete surface. The condition of the eastern portion of Stewart Road has deteriorated to such an extent that it is desirable to minimize the amount of traffic on that section of Stewart Road. Public Works Maintenance is presently unable to perform an acceptable, cost- effective preservation of the unimproved portion of the roadway. C. The land use on the south side of Stewart Road consists of residential property on the eastern portion and light industrial uses on the western portion. Except f~r one residence, all the frontage on the north side is vacant, with over 75% being in public ownership. D. Residents on the eastern portion of Stewart Road have made several requests over the years that actions be taken to reduce the amount of traffic on Stewart Road. NOW, THEREFORE, Based on the above findings, the findings contained in Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference, the authority contained in section 5.040 of the Eugene Code 1971, and the delegation order of the City Manager, the Traffic Engineer of the City of Eugene orders that: 1. Effective February 26, 1999, Stewart Road is closed to through traffic at a point approximately 1,500 feet west of the centerline of Bailey Hill Road. 2. Parking shall be prohibited on both sides of Stewart Road within fifty feet of the closure to provide for a vehicle turn-around area. 3. Pedestrian and bicycle access shall be provided through the barricade. Dated thisd} !:7Th Day of February, 1999 Administrative Order No. 58-99-05 Exhibit A Findings for Administrative Order No. 58-99-05 of the Traffic Engineer of the City of Eugene, Oregon Stewart Road Closure west of Bailey Hill Road Background Residents living along the eastern portion of Stewart Road have made numerous requests to the City, dating back to 1973, regarding traffic and the road's condition. Their concerns are that the volume, type, and speed of traffic, along with the extremely poor condition of the roadway, pose a safety hazard and detract from the quality of life they feel their residential area should enjoy. Part of the problem is that the residential area is adjacent to an industrial area. This issue has arisen in other parts of Eugene, most notably in the Whiteaker Neighborhood, in the vicinity of ~ Avenue and Almaden Street. The City's solution in that instance was to separate the industrial and residential areas by installing a diagonal diverter across the intersection. Although controversial, this was a success, in part due to the existence of other streets which provided convenient access to the industrial area. A similar solution is not possible on Stewart Road, due to the lack of intersecting streets. A full street closure is the only way to separate the land uses. Recent efforts to control traffic on Stewart Road include lowering the Speed 40 zone in the residential area to a Speed 25 zone (February 1994) and prohibiting through truck movements and establishing weight limit restrictions on the eastern section of Stewart Road (May 1996). These efforts did not alleviate the problem. This lack of success led the Transportation Division to consider a street closure. An Origin and Destination study was conducted in April 1996 to identify the amount of through traffic using Stewart Road and where that traffic comes from and goes to. Based on the study's results, traffic volume counts, and citizen support, the Transportation Division initiated a street closure. After consideration of the criteria at section 5.055 of the Eugene Code ("EC"), the closure was installed by Administrative Order 58-98-17 on October 28, 1998. Order 58- 98-17 was appealed by owners of two businesses on the western portion of Stewart Road. The Order was repealed by the Hearings Official on January 26, 1999. In his review of Administrative Order No. 58-98-17 (the Traffic Engineer's initial Order closing Stewart Road), the Eugene Hearings Official rejected the City's approach which asked the question, "Do the criteria listed in section 5.055 tell us that Stewart Road should be closed?" The Hearings Official held that the question for consideration should have been "What do each of the criteria listed in section 5.055 tell us should be done with regard to the problems existing on Stewart Road?" The City Attorney's office issued a legal opinion dated February 23, 1999 which found that the question posed by the City was, in fact, the proper question. The City Attorney did not agree with the Hearings Official. Based on staffs understanding of the language at EC section 5.055 and on the City Attorney's opinion (attached), the analysis of the criteria at EC section 5.055 for Administrative Order No. 58-99-05 is based on the question of "whether the criteria indicate that Stewart Road should be closed." Criteria for Administrative Action The administrative action of the Traffic Engineer of the City of Eugene, Oregon, closing Stewart Road to through traffic approximately 1,500 feet west of the centerline of Bailey Hill Road is based on consideration of criteria (a) - (n) at EC 5.055. Consideration of those criteria follows: (a) Traffic engineering principles and traffic investigations (1) Traffic engineering principles were considered in the following areas: ~ Roadway Capacity; ~ Intersection Capacity; ~ Safety; ~ Signs, Signals, Markings; ~ Intersection Control; ~ Roadway Lighting; ~ Access Control; and ~ Speed Zoning. A closure of Stewart Road would significantly affect Access Control. There would be minor impacts on Intersection Capacity and Safety, and no impacts in the other areas. . There are two aspects to Access Control. One is direct access to a property from a street. This would not be affected by the closure, as no driveways would be closed and no restrictions would be imposed on property access. The other aspect of Access Control is the ability to get to a property from the surrounding street system. As Stewart Road was temporarily closed as a result of Administrative Order No. 58-98-17, staff was able to evaluate the effects of the closure on this type of access. The closure created two dead-end streets from what was a through street. Trip lengths and travel times increased for some motorists, both those with origins or destinations on Stewart Road and those who used Stewart as a short cut. Based on the results of an Origin and Destination Study conducted before the closure, it is estimated that 540 vehicles used Stewart Road as a through street each weekday. Of these, 220 have increased trip lengths due to the closure. Based on Travel Time studies, westbound travel time increased 25 seconds per trip and eastbound trips by 40 seconds, resulting in an additional 1.98 hours of travel time per day for non-local vehicles. Some local trips (trips with an origin or destination on Stewart Road) also have increased travel times as a result of the closure. Local residential trips likely experienced little increase in travel time, as most of their trips are to the east. Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings Travel time for local industrial trips with a destination east of Bailey Hill Road increased about one minute, 32 seconds per vehicle. Based on the pre-closure traffic counts and the Origin and Destination Study, it is estimated that there were 100 local industrial trips with a destination east of Bailey Hill Road, resulting in 2.56 additional vehicle-hours of travel time for local industrial trips per weekday. To summarize, the closure affects about 320 motorists per day, adding some 4.5 hours of travel time to their trips, or about 50 seconds per trip. Based on the small amount of added travel time, and the lack of negative feedback, this increase in travel time has not been a problem for motorists who used to use Stewart Road and is thus not a significant factor in the closure. . Intersection capacity: The closure will have minor effects on the capacity of four intersections: Stewart Road & Bertelsen Road, Stewart Road & Bailey Hill Road, 11 th Avenue & Bertelsen Road and 11 th Avenue & Bailey Hill Road. Based on an April 14, 1998 traffic study, an estimated 540 vehicles used Stewart Road as a through street on a typical weekday. Most of the diverted through traffic will use W 11 th Avenue. The additional traffic, about about 270 vehicles in each direction, has little effect on the Level of Service (LOS) of either 11 th Avenue intersection. LOS and peak hour delay per vehicle was estimated for both intersections using a computer program that models traffic flow at signalized intersections. The LOS remained the same at both intersections. At 11th & Bailey Hill, delay per vehicle increased by 0.5 seconds per vehicle, while there was a 3.4 second increase in delay per vehicle at 11 th & Bertelsen. Thus, the additional 270 vehicles will have a slight negative impact on the intersections of 11 th & Bailey Hill and 11th & Bertelsen. However, each intersection will still operate with an acceptable Level of Service. In summary, the affected intersections have sufficient capacity to handle the vehicles diverted by the closure of Stewart Road. Capacity at the Stewart Road intersections at Bailey Hill Road and Bertelsen Road was not a problem before the closure. The closure will result in only local traffic using those intersections and will slow the deterioration of Stewart Road. . Safety: (Note: this discussion of safety relates to the direct safety aspects of installing the barricade. For discussion of the broader public safety and welfare concerns, see criterion (k) below.) All potential safety impacts, both positive and negative, are minor. Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings There was one reported accident on Stewart Road in the five year period from January 1, 1993 through December 31, 1997. The probability of accidents will decrease with the reduction in traffic volume and a likely reduction in vehicle speeds. Closing a street can have negative safety impacts, including: 1) an increase in emergency vehicle response time; 2) the barricade could be hit by a motorist; and 3) the increased traffic at other intersections could increase the probability of accidents at those intersections if capacity is significantly affected. In the case of the Stewart Road closure, the anticipated effects on safety are slight, as 1) the closure was reviewed and approved by the Fire Marshall; 2) the barricade and all associated signing and marking, is in compliance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Device (MUTCD) standards; and 3) as mentioned under Intersection Capacity, the traffic diverted to the 11 th & Bailey Hill and the 11 th & Bertelsen intersections will have only minor impacts on the capacity of each intersection. (2) Traffic investigations: . 24-hour traffic volume counts were taken in September 1995. These showed pre- closure traffic volumes of 1,564 vehicles per day (vpd) east of Bertelsen Road and 1,359 vpd west of Bailey Hill Road. Six-hour manual counts done during the April 1998 Origin and Destination Study suggest somewhat lower volumes of 1,200 vpd east of Bertelsen and 820 vpd west of Bailey Hill. Traffic volumes with the street closed were 180 vpd at Bailey Hill Road and 970 vpd at Bertelsen Road. . An Origin and Destination Study, done for six hours on April 14, 1998, showed that over 60% of the Stewart Road traffic at the Bailey Hill Road end is through traffic. Most of these motorists would not be inconvenienced by a closure as their trip length would be the same if they used 11th Avenue. As discussed in (a)(I), above, it is estimated that the closure results in 4.5 extra vehicle-hours of travel time per weekday. . Vehicle Speeds: Included in almost all citizen requests have been complaints of vehicles speeding on the unimproved section of Stewart Road. The problem is actually one of a perception of speeding rather than actual speeding. A speed study conducted in 1993 showed an average speed of23 miles per hour, which is lower than most residential streets and is about what was expected, given the road's condition. However, it is the road's condition which gives the impression that vehicles are speeding; vehicles traveling on the rough surface create more noise and raise dust, creating the perception of higher speeds. . Accidents: Stewart Road does not have an accident problem, as there was only one accident for the five period from January 1, 1993 through December 31, Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings 1997. On balance, the closure has little effect on the likelihood of accidents. The slight probabilities of a motorist hitting the barricade or of diverted traffic increasing the accident potential on other streets is offset by the decreased probability of an accident on Stewart Road, due to a reduction in traffic volume on Stewart. . Cut-through Traffic: After the closure was installed, there were some reports of motorists using a private driveway to get from Stewart Road to 11 th Avenue. It is likely that there was some cut-through traffic in the first few days after the closure was installed. As motorists became aware of the closure the amount of cut- through traffic dropped off and there is currently no evidence of cut-through traffic. Cut-through traffic is a common occurrence for the first few days after installation of a traffic diverter or street closure. Motorists either don't see, or don't believe, the advance signing and drive up to the closure. Faced with the choice of turning around and driving back down the dead end street or taking a short cut, the motorist is likely to opt for the latter. However the short cut between Stewart and W 11th Avenue only saves time if the motorist's trips begins close to the dead- end. Most motorists on Stewart Road, and all those on Bertelsen Road, will save time by taking Bertelsen to 11th. For this reason, cut-through traffic will not be a long-term problem. (b) Standards, limitations, and rules promulgated by the Oregon Transportation Commission or the Oregon Public Utility Commission or their successors. . No applicable standards, limitations, or rules apply. (c) Other recognized traffic control standards. . Signing and markings comply with Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices standards. (d) The city's adopted transportation-related plans and policies. The City has no adopted transportation-related plans or policies that are relevant to the proposed closure of Stewart Road. . The Draft Eugene Arterial and Collector Street Plan (May 1998) classifies Stewart Road as a Major Collector due to its proximity to industrially zoned properties and the connection it provides between Bailey Hill Road and Bertelsen Road. The closure prevents Stewart Road from functioning as a collector street. A permanent closure would require a revision in the Draft Plan which would not have Stewart as a collector street. Inconsistency with an unadopted, draft plan is not an issue for consideration under this criterion. Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings . The bicycle element of the Draft Transplan, calls for Stewart Road to have on- street bike lanes or to be a designated bike route. If the Transplan draft is adopted, it does provide the flexibility to integrate bicycle facilities with any traffic calming techniques that may be used on Stewart Road. (e) Existing state and local laws regulating use of public ways. . Provisions of the Oregon Vehicle Code will continue to apply after the changes have been made. . City of Eugene Administrative Order 58-96-07 prohibits both through trucks on Stewart Road and vehicles in excess of eight tons from the unimproved section of Stewart Road. The closure makes this Order more effective, as it makes through traffic impossible. (f) The efficient use of the public way by the public. . From one perspective, the closure will have a negative effect on the use of the public way by the public, as some motorists who now use Stewart will have to drive a longer distance to reach their destination. The inconvenience of increased travel time distance and travel time is an unavoidable but acceptable consequence of the closure. See discussion under (a)(I). Looking at this criterion from another perspective, it is not efficient for the public to use a deteriorated road. Continued through use would contribute substantially to the further deterioration and, as explained previously, the City is not presently in a position to make the needed road repairs. Diverting traffic onto West 11 th is more efficient than continuing to allow through use of Stewart because West 11 th is better able to handle the volume of traffic currently using Stewart. (g) The use of abutting property. . The land use on the south side of Stewart Road consists of residential property on the eastern portion and light industrial uses on the western portion. Except for one residence and an industrially zoned parcel at the northwest corner of Bailey Hill & Stewart, all the frontage on the north side is vacant, with over 75% being in public ownership with an open space designation. The publicly owned area consists of two wetland sites, one owned by the Bureau of Land Management and the other by the Oregon Department of Transportation. Residents feel that the closure will have a positive effect on the use of their abutting property. Although access will be restricted, they feel that the reduced traffic volumes will improve the livability of the street and thus have a positive effect on the use of the abutting property. Further, a decrease in the use of the road will slow the road's deterioration. Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings Some business owners feel that the closure will have a negative effect on the use of their property. The same restrictions in traffic flow that appeal to residents is seen by business owners as a liability that increases costs and can lead to lost income if customers find more accessible businesses. As most of the businesses on Stewart do not have retail operations, there should be little lost business due to the reduction in drive-by traffic. Businesses are concerned about a decrease in business due to a reduction in the number of drive- by trips. The reduction in drive-by trips is not considered a significant issue, as businesses on Stewart Road are not of the type that typically depend on easy access, high visibility, and high traffic volumes on the adjacent street for their customer base. The industrial property is zoned 1-2, a zoning which permits retail sales only "...when secondary, directly related, and limited to products manufactured, repaired, or assembled on the development site" (Eugene Code, 9.450 (e-l)). Retail sales at Euphoria Chocolate, the only business with a retail outlet, may have been affected, but this should be a minor concern, as the retail portion of the business is, by Code definition, secondary. Costs to businesses should also not increase much, as the 1996 weight limit restriction on the eastern section of Stewart Road (Admin. Order 58-96-07) prohibited trucks over eight tons from using Stewart. This means that larger trucks making pick-ups or deliveries to businesses on Stewart would already be traveling the route made mandatory by the closure. Business costs would increase to the extent that local trucks of less than eight tons are now unable to use Stewart Road when their origin or destination is to the east. This impact is minor and of little consequence; during the six hours of the April 1998 Origin and Destination Study only three trucks with local destinations drove on the eastern portion of Stewart Road. Trucks in excess of eight tons have previously been prohibited from using the eastern portion of Stewart, so the affected local trips are most likely not business trips but probably employees coming to and going from work. (h) The intensity of use of the street by vehicles and pedestrians. . Intensity of use of Stewart Road is discussed in section (a)(2). As discussed there, the closure has reduced the intensity of use of the street by vehicles. This decrease in intensity of use will slow the decline of Stewart Road without causing a significant inconvenience to users of the Road. . The use of the street by pedestrians or bicyclists will not be affected. Provisions will be made to provide pedestrian and bicycle access through the barricade (i) The physical condition and characteristics of the street and abutting property. . Stewart Road is a two-way, two lane street. The eastern portion, approximately 1,450 feet long, is an unimproved, approximately 20 foot wide roadway in very Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings poor condition. The western portion is about 2,300 feet long. It is a 44 foot wide roadway that has been improved to city standards and is in good condition. . The eastern portion of Stewart Road begins with a section sloping up from Bailey Hill Road. Although paved more recently than the rest of the eastern portion of the road, this section has developed a large pothole in the south lane. Stewart crests several hundred feet west of Bailey Hill Road, then begins a gradual descent. Stewart is level from several hundred feet west of the east end of the improved section to Bertelsen Road. . F or most of its eastern section, Stewart Road is badly deteriorated. This section of the roadway has no base and as a result is prone to failure. Nearly the entire surface, for a distance of some 1,400 feet, is covered with potholes, patched potholes, and even holes within patched areas. There are two or three areas where one lane is free of patches or potholes, but these are only 50 to 100 feet long. For most of the eastern portion of the roadway, both lanes are characterized by a condition where potholes cover more than half of the street's surface area. . The abutting property on the eastern portion consists of residential property on the south side of the street. The north side, with the exception of one house, is undeveloped. Except for the residence and an industrially zoned parcel at the northwest corner of Bailey Hill & Stewart, the property on the north side is in public ownership and has an open space designation. The abutting property on the western portion consists of 1-2 zoned property (Light-Medium Industrial) on the south side of the street. The north side consists of two wetland sites, one owned by the Bureau of Land Management and the other by the Oregon Department of Transportation. The condition of the eastern section of Stewart Road is the primary reason for the closure. In other circumstances, the City would prefer that the road be paved to match the design of the western section. However, the City Council is currently reviewing the City's assessment policy for situations such as this one and until the Council decides on the assessment policy, no effort will be made to upgrade Stewart Road. Under the current assessment policy, the cost to property owners for improvement of Stewart Road would be substantially higher than normal, as they would be assessed for the road improvements and installation and connection to the City's sanitary sewer system. The City would also have to pay for a large portion of the project due to the width of the street and the large amount of open space land on the north side. Considering the current condition of the road and with no determination as to when improvements may be made, this criterion weighs heavily in favor of the proposed closure to through traffic. By minimizing the amount of traffic, the closure slows the deterioration of the roadbed and delays the need to upgrade the street. Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings (j) Emergencies. . Emergency vehicle service could be affected by the closure, but Police and Fire department personnel have reviewed and approved the closure design, which provides for emergency vehicle access. (k) The public health, safety, and welfare. . The public health won't be affected by this project. . Safety is a relevant criterion for considering the closure of Stewart Road. The extremely deteriorated condition of the road as discussed earlier creates a situation where individual drivers have an increased likelihood of swerving to try to avoid the worst potholes, or losing partial control of the vehicle due to the impact on steering and suspension systems when potholes are hit. This situation is more likely to lead to collisions with other vehicles if the roadway is kept open to all traffic, due to the higher traffic volumes and speeds. Also, the higher volumes that are present with the street open to through traffic mean that a single vehicle is more likely to be involved in a damaging incident to the vehicle and potentially to the driver. . Public welfare is affected by the decision of whether to close the street to through traffic. In addition to the safety concerns discussed above, motorists should be able to have reasonable expectations as to their ability to traverse a city street in a prudent and normal fashion, adjusting their speed and expectations for particular conditions but not having to slow to 10 miles per hour, for example, to negotiate the extremely rough conditions posed by Stewart Road. The surface conditions on the eastern portion of Stewart Road are highly unusual if not unique among city streets in Eugene, given the mix of land use and types of traffic using the road, the pre-closure traffic volumes which are substantially higher than volume on a typical local street used for local access only, and the very poor condition of the surface and practical inability of the City to reasonable maintain the surface in decent condition. Closing the road to all but local traffic means that the only people using Stewart Road are those who need to travel to or from their particular destination of a home or business, and are therefore used to the specific roadway surface conditions and can adjust their expectations and driving behavior accordingly. Another aspect of public welfare is the livability perceived by the residents along the eastern portion of the street. The dust, noise and other negative aspects of the pre-closure situation constitute a condition that the residents have reasonably asked the City to ameliorate if at all possible. The temporary closure during the past four months has proven to be a reasonable response, given the lack of serious negative impacts and the positive feedback from the residents. Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings (I) Special events of community interest including parades and public gatherings. . Special events won't be affected by this project. (m) Construction within or adjacent to the street. . Impacts on construction within or adjacent to the street will be minor. Access to or egress from construction projects by large vehicles will be more difficult, as these vehicles will have to turn around rather than drive from one end of Stewart to the other. (n) When establishing conditions upon the use of parking in the public way and city-owned parking facilities: 1. Applicable and appropriate time limits; 2. the vehicle type and purpose; 3. The relative, seasonal and special event demands for parking spaces within the areas of the requested parking; 4. The other public uses for the property; 5. The location and physical characteristics of the parking area or facility; 6. The demand for operating revenues, the costs of operations and enforcement; 7. The use of parking regulations to promote city adopted goals and policies; 8. Abuse by applicants of any parking-related permits; 9. The impact on nearby commercial uses; 10. The ease of enforcing the provisions of this chapter; and 11. The availability of other parking spaces. . Parking is prohibited at all times for a distance of 50 feet on both sides of the closure, on both sides of the street. This is necessary to provide room for motorists to turn around and will also increase the visibility of the barricade. . Demand for on-street parking is low to non-existent, due to the low density of both the residential and industrial development, and the availability of off-street parking. During several visits to Stewart, both before and after the closure was installed, no vehicles were seen parked anywhere near the barricade. Due to the lack of demand for on-street parking, the parking prohibition is not a relevant factor in considering whether to close the street. Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings Summary and Conclusion The poor condition of the roadway on the eastern (residential) portion of Stewart Road, the attendant costs of upgrading the road, and the lack of public and private funding to improve the road are the primary motivating factors behind the closure. The practice of assessing adjacent properties for road improvements to arterial and collector streets is being reconsidered by the City Council. Until resolved, this issue strengthens the case for the interim closure of Stewart Road. The conclusion of this report is that the closure has only a small negative impact on businesses along Stewart Road and on the motoring public, but it has a significant positive impact for the people who live on Stewart Road. The Eugene Code requires that a road closure be based on consideration of each of the factors at EC 5.055. Consideration of the criteria at EC 5.055 results in positive findings under criteria (f), (g), (h), (i) and (k), and a determination that the considerations support the closure of Stewart Road. Of the applicable criteria, criterion (a) is the only criterion which reveals negative effects of the proposed street closure. Consideration of that criterion leads to finding of an increase in total travel time (1.98 hours per day for non-local vehicles, 2.56 hours per day for local industrial trips, no notable increase for local residential travel and 3.11 hours for traffic at the 11 th Avenue intersections). This increase in travel time is outweighed by the importance of the positive findings under the other criteria. Administrative Order 58-99-05, Findings r c P f} t~ 'I~ C1 ~ CITY OF EUGENE INTER-DEPARTMENTAL MEMORANDUM CITY ATTORNEY - CIVIL DEPARTMENT To: Dave Reinhard Date: February 23, 1999 Subject: Review of Administrative Actions under EC 5.050 You have asked for clarification of the proper question for consideration when the City Manager's designee proposes an administrative action under Chapter 5 of the Eugene Code. This issue is easiest to discuss in the context of an example. The example you present is that of the proposed closure of Stewart Road. The Eugene Hearings Official recently held that, in adopting an administrative order for the road closure, the question for consideration is "what do each of the criteria listed in section 5.055 tell us should be done with regard to the problems existing on Stewart Road?" The Hearings Official rejected the City's approach, which asked the question: "do the criteria listed in section 5.055 tell us that Stewart Road should be closed?" We believe that the proper question is that proposed by the City. Each of the criteria in section 5.055 should be considered in context of the proposed action - a road closure. EC section 5.055 states that "[t ]he administrative action of the city manager or the manager's designee shall be based on consideration of [nine listed criteria]." Therefore, if the proposed administrative action is for the closure of Stewart Road, each criterion must be considered in light of the proposed closure. If the criteria do not support the road closure, it is not justified. If you have any additional questions, please call me at extension 5080. HARRANG LONG GARY RUDNICK P.C. -- City Attorneys Of1vL'Jcj/N ye L J; fjj. Emily N. Jklome '" ENJ :cmc