The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink AboutItem 3: Ordinance on Walnut Station Mixed-Use Center (2) ECC UGENE ITY OUNCIL AIS GENDA TEM UMMARY Action: An Ordinance Concerning the Walnut Station Mixed-Use Center Meeting Date: July 12, 2010 Agenda Item Number: 3 Department: Planning and Development Staff Contact: Lydia McKinney www.eugene-or.gov Contact Telephone Number: (541) 682-5485 ISSUE STATEMENT The City Council will take action on an ordinance concerning implementation of the Walnut Station Mixed-Use Center project. BACKGROUND On June 21, 2010, the City Council held a public hearing to consider an ordinance that implements the Walnut Station Mixed-Use Center project. Staff has prepared a memorandum which provides a response to the issues raised in the oral and written testimony, included as Attachment A. Attachment B includes all the public testimony that has been submitted on the project since June 9, 2010. Testimony has been generally supportive of the project, with a few specific exceptions. Several who spoke from the Fairmount neighborhood raised concerns with regards to traffic impacts, potential spillover parking impacts, and general neighborhood compatibility issues. Many of these concerns have been addressed with policy revisions that have been included in the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan (Attachment E, Exhibit C). As explained at the public hearing, these policy changes were made to address neighborhood concerns and were approved by the Fairmount neighborhood representatives prior to the hearing. These policy revisions are also supported by the remainder of the stakeholders and information in the record. Many who submitted testimony, including the University of Oregon, the Chamber of Commerce, and local business owners, indicated that while they favor the project overall, they do not support the Planning Commission’s recommendation to change the Type II appeals authority from the Hearings Official to the Planning Commission. In addition, staff understands that Fairmount neighborhood representatives do not object to maintaining the current appeals process. Therefore, staff is recommending the standard Type II process for the City’s consideration of design review appeals, instead of the specialized process recommended by the Planning Commission. Attached to this agenda item summary (AIS) are two versions (“A” and “B”) of the ordinance. Version A of the ordinance is drafted so that an appeal of a design review decision would be considered by the Hearings Official, like other Type II decisions. Version B is the ordinance as it was recommended by the Planning Commission and presented for the public hearing. Version B includes changes to Eugene Code (EC) 9.7055 and 9.7605 that create a specialized process for the City’s consideration of design review appeals. The exhibits to Version A and Version B of the ordinance are the same. Z:\CMO\2010 Council Agendas\M100712\S1007123.doc In addition, both ordinances have revised EC 9.8111 to clarify that the Design Review process is only applicable within the Walnut Station Special Area Zone. RELATED CITY POLICIES The Walnut Station Mixed-Use Center is consistent with and directly implements Growth Management Policies 1, 2, 4, 6, 8-12 and 15. This project implements one of the Nodal Development Areas identified in TransPlan. COUNCIL OPTIONS The City Council may consider the following options: 1. Adopt Ordinance Version A with Exhibits A through I. 2. Adopt Ordinance Version B with Exhibits A through I. 3. Adopt one of the ordinances and exhibits with specific changes. 4. Take no action. CITY MANAGER’S RECOMMENDATION The City Manager recommends that the City Council adopt Ordinance Version A with Exhibits A through I. SUGGESTED MOTION Move to adopt an ordinance concerning the Walnut Station Mixed-Use Center, included as Ordinance Version A with Exhibits A through I. ATTACHMENTS A.Memo from Staff Addressing Testimony B.Public Testimony received since June 9, 2010 C.Ordinance Version A (City Manager’s Recommendation - Appeal of Design Review to Be Considered by Hearings Official) D.Ordinance Version B (Presented for Public Hearing on June 21, 2010 - Appeal of Design Review to Be Considered by Planning Commission) E.Ordinance Exhibits A through I FOR MORE INFORMATION Staff Contact: Lydia McKinney Telephone: (541) 682-5485 Staff E-Mail: lydia.s.mckinney@ci.eugene.or.us Project Website: www.eugene-or.gov/walnut Z:\CMO\2010 Council Agendas\M100712\S1007123.doc Attachment A Planning & Development Planning City of Eugene th 99 West 10 Avenue M Eugene, Oregon 97401 EMORANDUM (541) 682-5377 (541) 682-5572 FAX www.eugene-or.gov Date: July 6, 2010 To: Mayor Piercy and Eugene City Council From: Lydia McKinney, 682-5485 Metro and Community Planner Subject: Walnut Station - Staff Response to June 21, 2010 Public Hearing Testimony This memorandum provides a staff response to testimony submitted at the public hearing on June 21, 2010 and within the open record period thereafter. The issues raised are summarized in bold categories below in . Traffic Impacts Fairmount neighbors indicate, and staff concurs, that any additional development within the Walnut Station area, regardless of what regulatory provisions are in place, will have impacts on the neighborhood. Throughout this planning process, maintaining the integrity of the Fairmount neighborhood has been a critical factor. If development consistent with the Walnut Station mixed use center does have adverse traffic impacts on the Fairmount neighborhood, staff believes these should be mitigated. Staff worked with the neighborhood to craft specific policy language to address these potential impacts, as provided below. In March 2005, the City initiated a study (The Agate Street and Fairmount Neighborhood Traffic Calming Study) that identified strategies to improve the function and carrying capacity of Agate Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study Street as called for in the . The Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study also calls for an area-wide traffic calming study for the streets within the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundary to determine appropriate mitigation for through-traffic utilizing neighborhood streets. Some mitigation measures identified in the Agate Street and Fairmount Neighborhood Traffic Calming Study have been constructed by the City, and others will be constructed by the University of Oregon in conjunction with the completion of the Matthew Knight Arena. However, The Agate Street and Fairmount Neighborhood Traffic Calming Study and the resulting mitigation measures did not take into consideration the area within the Walnut Station plan. As such, staff has incorporated the following policy into the Walnut Station Special Area Zone: The city shall update the 2006 Agate Street and Fairmount Neighborhood Traffic Calming Study (“Study”) to add mitigation measures that address the impacts likely to occur to the Fairmount neighborhood as a result of development/redevelopment within the S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone. City staff evaluation and identification of these mitigation Attachment A measures for the Study update shall commence within two years of the date on which the City Council’s adoption of the S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone becomes effective. The final Study update shall be forwarded to the City Council within three years of that effective date. Mitigation measures included in the updated Study shall be implemented, along with any other measures deemed necessary by the city, as development and associated impacts occur, through the city’s development and building permit approval process and/or the city’s annual Capital Improvement Program. In preparing the report, city staff shall consult with representatives of the Fairmount Neighbors Association and the University of Oregon. th Access on 15 Avenue th 15 Avenue is the street that separates the Walnut Station Special Area Zone from the Fairmount th neighborhood. Some testimony raises concerns regarding vehicular access on 15 Avenue, especially in consideration of impacts to the neighborhood. This testimony requests that additional language be added to the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan to evaluate street classifications in the th Walnut Station area. 15 Avenue is classified as a local street and as such, the new access management provisions, applicable only to streets classified as arterials and major collectors, do not apply. The Technical Advisory Committee agreed that some access limitations on this street would be appropriate and as such, the Walnut Station Special Area Zone includes a provision (EC 9.3970(4)(c)) that allows no more than one access connection per tax lot per street frontage. This is the same access management provision that was adopted for arterials and major collectors. Additionally, based on the recommended policy above which requires an update to the Agate Street and Fairmount Neighborhood Traffic Calming Study, the classification of existing streets can be evaluated at that time. Neighborhood Parking Impacts The potential for spillover parking impacts on the Fairmount neighborhood has been raised as a concern, especially given that the current proposal for the Walnut Station Special Area Zone requirement includes an allowance to reduce parking requirements. There is not a to reduce parking in the plan area, but it is provided as an option for developers who choose to offer their products to market segments demanding less parking. Participants in development of the Walnut Station form based code recognized that parking requirements can significantly impact the way an area builds out and that addressing parking requirements can be one of the most significant elements in creating walkable communities. For this reason, providing for an optional reduction in parking in this area is seen as a significant contributor to achieving the vision for the area. There are characteristics of Walnut Station that are conducive to a reduction of required parking. The EmX bus rapid transit line is now established there, and the availability of transit means fewer people will need to arrive to the area in a vehicle. The University of Oregon is directly adjacent, so students and faculty have easy walking access to the area. The form based code has focused on facilitating mixed use development, and this also reduces parking demand since motorists only need to park once to visit of a number of destinations. However, there is the potential for the parking spillover impacts in the neighborhood, and these impacts need to be addressed. Residential Parking Programs (RRPs) are one of the most effective means of addressing spillover parking. The Arena Parking District established as part of an agreement for the Matthew Knight Arena provides a Residential Parking Program for the Fairmount neighborhood which restricts Attachment A parking in that neighborhood to a maximum of two hours in any given off-street parking space. It is believed that the RPP can address the neighborhood concerns regarding spillover impacts, but neighborhood representatives have suggested that this program needs further evaluation to determine if it is the correct and only mechanism appropriate for the area. Staff concurs with the neighbors’ recommendation and has incorporated the following policy into the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan: Prior to April 30, 2011, city staff shall provide a report to the Planning Commission which evaluates the Fairmount Neighbors Event Parking District created pursuant to the October, 2008, Arena Mitigation Agreement (“Parking District”). The staff report shall evaluate whether that Parking District is an adequate and appropriate mechanism to protect the Fairmount neighborhood from potential impacts from reduced parking allowances in the S- WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone and shall recommend alternative measures if the evaluation determines the Parking District is inadequate or inappropriate. In preparing the report, city staff shall consult with representatives of the Fairmount Neighbors Association and the University of Oregon. In addition to evaluating whether the RRP is the appropriate and only mechanism needed to address the potential impacts, there is a need to evaluate how this program will actually work once it is in place and provide a mechanism to make adjustments to the code if necessary. The Planning Commission had recommended that the development resulting from the form based code should be evaluated, and staff has added a provision to that policy to include an evaluation of the reduced in italics parking allowance. That addition is shown in the policy below . After three years or 50,000 square feet of development (cumulatively) has been approved, whichever comes first, staff will provide a report to the Planning Commission regarding the and the potential impacts from status of development in the Walnut Station mixed use center the reduced parking allowances . Design Review and Parking Lots Testimony regarding surface parking lots was raised questioning why they are not required to go through the Design Review process, as was previously being considered. While surface parking lots were initially considered as a use requiring Design Review, the Technical Advisory Committee determined that rather than requiring surface parking lots to be processed through a land use application process, the form based code should require design treatments would otherwise result from the Design Review process. As a result, surface parking lots proposed within the 15th Avenue Transition Edge are required to provide for a ten foot landscape bed (rather than the standard seven foot bed) and to landscape 15% (rather than the standard 10%) of the development site. The application of Design Review to surface parking lots would not result in greater design or compatibility benefits than what is proposed within the Walnut Station Special Area zone. Adjacent/Abutting Terminology Specific testimony has been raised regarding concerns about the term “adjacent” and a request to provide clarity about the intent of the code language. There are instances in the code, such as Design Review approval criterion at EC 9.3980(2)(c), that refer to impacts to adjacent residentially zoned properties. Staff confirms that the intent of this language is to refer specifically to the properties that are directly abutting, as well as across the street, as adjacent properties. This language in the Walnut Station Specific Area Zone was crafted in consideration of protection of the th properties on the south side of 15 Avenue. Attachment A Lighting and Signage th Testimony raised indicated that the signage and lighting requirements for the 15 Avenue Transition Edge within Walnut Station Specific Area Zone is not compatible with the residentially th zoned property on the south side of 15 Avenue. The proposal for the Walnut Station Specific Area Zone does actually reduce the amount of signage and lighting currently allowed, as another means to address compatibility with and transition to the Fairmount Neighborhood. However, the proposal does not eliminate the allowance for non-residential signage and lighting because it is meant to be th an area that allows for mixed use development. The current zoning on the north side of 15 Avenue allows for sign and lighting standards consistent with the General Commercial sign district. University Use The Eugene Code allows “University or College” as a permitted use category in commercial zones. Because the Walnut Station Zone allows any commercial or residential use permitted in the code, it is permitted in the new form based code. The Planning Commission supported staff’s recommendation to study the category of University use further. In order to provide timing clarity and coordination with the neighborhood and the University, the policy has been revised as follows: By April 30, 2011, the City shall initiate a process to evaluate the land use category of “University or College” to better define which uses are permitted outright. In preparing the report, city staff shall consult with representatives of the Fairmount Neighbors Association and the University of Oregon. Noise and Odor In the current code, there are Site Review and Conditional Use Permit criteria that require development proposals to be reasonably compatible with existing development with regards to, among other issues, noise and odors. Staff incorrectly indicated in the response to the Planning Commission that Site Review did not have a criterion relative to noise and odor. Though Site Review and some Conditional Use Permit requirements have been eliminated from the review process in the Walnut Station Special Area Zone, staff does not believe that there will be undue noise and odor impacts on the neighborhood. Chapter 4 (EC 9.4080) of the Eugene Code regulates noise, which is administered by the Eugene Police Department, and this code section will remain in effect in Walnut Station. Regarding odor, staff notes that the current code provisions which preclude any use that requires external emissions permit from an air quality public agency also remain in effect for Walnut Station. More information on the project can be found at www.eugene-or.gov/walnut. Please contact me at (541) 682-5485 or via e-mail (lydia.s.mckinney@ci.eugene.or.us) if you have questions or need additional information. ______________________________________________________________________ Date: Ö«´§ ïô îðïð To: Û«¹»²» Ý·¬§ Ý±«²½·´ Submitted By: Ö±¸² Þ¿®±ºµ§ ¿²¼ Í«·» Í³·¬¸ô Ý±óÝ¸¿·®ô É¿´²«¬ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»»ô Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±® ß±½·¿¬·±² Subject: É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®Í«³³¿®§ ±º Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±® Ì»¬·³±²§ ¿¬ ¬¸» Ö«²» îïô îðïð Ð«¾´·½ Ø»¿®·²¹ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ INTRODUCTION: Ñ² Ö«²» îïô îðïðô ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Ý·¬§ Ý±«²½·´ ½±²¼«½¬»¼ ¿ °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ ±² ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼óË» Ý»²¬»® °®±¶»½¬ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² øÐ´¿²÷ ¿²¼ ¿±½·¿¬»¼ º±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» øÚÞÝ÷ò ß¬ ¬¸» ¸»¿®·²¹ô ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ¸»¿®¼ º®±³ ²«³»®±« °»±°´»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ »ª»®¿´ °»¿µ·²¹ ±² ¾»¸¿´º ±º ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±® ß±½·¿¬·±² øÚÒß÷ É¿´²«¬ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾ó½±³³·¬¬»»ò Ì¸· ³»³± «³³¿®·¦» ¬¸» ½±²½»®² °®»»²¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» ÚÒß ¬»¬·³±²§ò Ì¸» ÚÒß ¸¿ ¾»»² ¿² ¿½¬·ª» ¿²¼ ½±²¬®«½¬·ª» °¿®¬·½·°¿²¬ ·² ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½» ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿´´ ±º ·¬ °¸¿»ò Ì¸· Ð´¿² · ¬¸» ½«´³·²¿¬·±² ±º ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ »ºº±®¬ ±² ¬¸» °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ¿²¼ ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¬± º±®¹» ¬®¿¬»¹·» ¬¸¿¬ ¿½¸·»ª» ³¿²§ ±¾¶»½¬·ª»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ °®»»®ª¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¯«¿´·¬§ ±º ´·º» ·² ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò É» ¹®»¿¬´§ ¿°°®»½·¿¬» ¬¸» »ºº±®¬ ±º Ý·¬§ ¬¿ºº ¬± ¿¼¼®» ¬¸» ÚÒß ½±²½»®² ¬¸¿¬ ©»®» ®¿·»¼ ¼«®·²¹ Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ®»ª·»© ±º ¬¸» Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ÚÞÝô »°»½·¿´´§ ¬¸» ²»© °±´·½§ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² °®±ª·¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¿ºº ¬± ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬®¿ºº·½ ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·«»ò ß¼¼®»·²¹ ¬¸» ¬®¿ºº·½ ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ©·´´ ¾» ½®«½·¿´ ¬± »²«®·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ´¿®¹»´§ ·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ¿²¼ ¬®¿ºº·½ ª±´«³» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ´±½¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¬®»»¬ ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² ¿®» ³¿·²¬¿·²»¼ò Ð®±ª·¼»¼ ¾»´±© · ¿ ª»®§ ¾®·»º ¾«´´»¬»¼ «³³¿®§ ±º ¬¸» ½±³³»²¬ °®±ª·¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ÚÒßò É» ¸±°» §±« ©·´´ ¿´± ®»ª·»© ¬¸» ³±®» ´»²¹¬¸§ ¬»¬·³±²§ ¬¸¿¬ ©¿ «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² º±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ¾¿½µ¹®±«²¼ ¿²¼ ± §±« ½¿² »» ¸±© ¬¸» «¾»¯«»²¬ ½¸¿²¹» ·² ¬»¨¬ ¿²¼ °±´·½·» °®±°±»¼ º±® ¬¸» °´¿² ¿¼¼®» ¬¸» ½±²½»®² ®¿·»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ÚÒßò Traffic Impacts to the Neighborhood Must be Adequately Evaluated and Mitigated: ×³°¿½¬ ±º º«¬«®» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ³·¨»¼ «» øÓË÷ ¿®»¿ ±² ¬®¿ºº·½ ª±´«³» ¿²¼ °¿¬¬»®² ©»®» ²±¬ ¬«¼·»¼ ·² ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½»ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ ¼®¿º¬ ¬»¨¬ ±º ¬¸» Ð´¿² ¼±» ²±¬ ®»º´»½¬ ¬¸ ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ¬± ®»¼«½» ½«¬ó¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬®¿ºº·½ ·² ¬¸» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ±«¬¸ ±º ïë ßª»²«»ô ±® ¬¸» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ²»»¼ º±® º«¬«®» ¬«¼§ ¿²¼ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ¬¸¿¬ ©¿ ½¿°¬«®»¼ ·² ¬¸» Û¿¬ Ý¿³°« Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¬¸» ß¹¿¬» Í¬®»»¬ñÚ¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ Ì®¿ºº·½ Ý¿´³·²¹ Í¬«¼§ ¿²¼ °´¿²ò Ì¸» ÚÒß É¿´²«¬ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» ®»¯«»¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ¿°°®±ª» ¬¸» ®»ª·»¼ °±´·½§ ´¿²¹«¿¹» «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¿ºº ½±²½»®²·²¹ ¬¸» «°¼¿¬»ô ¿²¼ ·³°´»³»²¬ °®±¶»½¬ ¿²¼ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ³»¿«®» ¬»³³·²¹ º®±³ ¬¸» «°¼¿¬» ±º ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñß¹¿¬» Ì®¿ºº·½ Ý¿´³·²¹ Í¬«¼§ ¬± ¿¼¼®» ¬®¿ºº·½ ·³°¿½¬ ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ÓË ¿®»¿ò É» ¿´± ®»¯«»¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» Ð´¿² ¬»¨¬ ¾» ®»©®·¬¬»² ¬± ¿½½«®¿¬»´§ ®»º´»½¬ ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½±²¼·¬·±²ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ®»´»ª¿²¬ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² º®±³ ¬¸» ß¹¿¬» Í¬®»»¬ñÚ¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ Ì®¿ºº·½ Ý¿´³·²¹ Í¬«¼§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿±½·¿¬»¼ ¬¿ºº ®»°±®¬ °®±ª·¼»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ý·¬§ Ý±«²½·´ò Parking Impacts to the Neighborhood Must be Adequately Evaluated and Mitigated: Ì¸» ³·²·³«³ ±ººó¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ · ®»¼«½»¼ ·² ¬¸» ÚÞÝ º®±³ ¬¸» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ Ýóî ±ººó ¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¸±°» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ¬®¿²·¬ ¿²¼ °»¼»¬®·¿² ±®·»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ ©·´´ °®±³±¬» ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ¬± ¿«¬±³±¾·´» «¿¹»ò Ì¸· ¬¿²¼¿®¼ · ·²½´«¼»¼ ©·¬¸±«¬ ¿²¿´§· ±º ¬¸» °¿®µ·²¹ ·³°¿½¬ ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ±½½«® ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ÓË ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ ·² ¬¸» «®®±«²¼·²¹ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ì¸· · ±º ¹®»¿¬ ½±²½»®² ¬± ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿²¼ ´±½¿´ ¾«·²»»ò Ì¸» Ð´¿² ®»º´»½¬ ¿ ®»´·¿²½» ±² ¬¸» ß®»²¿ °¿®µ·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ ¬± ®»±´ª» °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³ ¬¸¿¬ ³¿§ ¼»ª»´±° ·² ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ì¸· · ²±¬ ¿² ¿¼»¯«¿¬» ¿«®¿²½» ¬± ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¬¸¿¬ °·´´ ±ª»® °¿®µ·²¹ ©·´´ ²±¬ ¾»½±³» ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ °®±¾´»³ ·² ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ì¸» ÚÒß Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» «°°±®¬ ¬¸» ¬¿ºº ®»½±³³»²¼»¼ ®»ª··±² ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿ °±´·½§ ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ·²½´«¼» ¿ º®±²¬ó»²¼ »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ø¾§ ß°®·´ íðô îðïï÷ ±º ¬¸» ¿¼»¯«¿½§ ±º ¬¸» ß®»²¿ Ð¿®µ·²¹ Ü·¬®·½¬ ¿²¼ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² º±® ¿´¬»®²¿¬» °¿®µ·²¹ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ³»¿«®» ·º ¬¸» ß®»²¿ Ð¿®µ·²¹ Ü·¬®·½¬ · ¼»¬»®³·²»¼ ¬± ¾» ·²¿¼»¯«¿¬»ò É» ¿´± «°°±®¬ ¬¸» ¬¿ºº ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿² »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ®»¼«½»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ·² ¬¸» »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ®»°±®¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ¬± ¾» ½±³°´»¬»¼ ¿º¬»® ëðôððð ¯«¿®» º»»¬ ±º ¿®»¿ · ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ±® ¬¸®»» §»¿®ô ©¸·½¸»ª»® ½±³» º·®¬ò th The Transition Edge at 15 Avenue is Critical: Ì¸» ÚÒß Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» «°°±®¬ ¬¸» »¬¾¿½µ ¿²¼ ¬»°°»¼ ¾¿½µ ¸»·¹¸¬ ´·³·¬ ¿ ¿ ³»¿² ¬± ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¬¸» ·²¬»²·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ÓË ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ ¬± ¬¸» ´¿®¹»´§ ·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ¬¸ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ±«¬¸ ±º ïë ßª»²«»ò Ì¸»» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ©»®» ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ½±´´¿¾±®¿¬·ª»´§ ¾§ ¬¸» ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¿²¼ ¿®» ½®·¬·½¿´ ¬± ¬¸» ±ª»®¿´´ ÚÒß «°°±®¬ ±º ¬¸» °´¿²ò Ì¸» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¼»°·½¬·²¹ ¬¸» ¸»·¹¸¬ ¿²¼ ¬»°ó¾¿½µ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ²»»¼ ¬± ¾» «°¼¿¬»¼ ¬± ¸±© ¬¸» ½±³³·¬³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸· ¬¸ ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ïë ßª»²«» »¼¹» ·²½´«¼» ¬¸» »¹³»²¬ ¾»¬©»»² Ñ®½¸¿®¼ Í¬®»»¬ ¿²¼ É¿´²«¬ Í¬®»»¬ò The Multi-Way Boulevard is Important: Ì¸» ÚÒß Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» «°°±®¬ ¬¸» ³«´¬·ó©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ô ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ °®±ª·¼» º±® ·²½®»¿»¼ °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿²¼ ¾·½§½´» ¿º»¬§ô »²¬®¿²½» ¾»¿«¬·º·½¿¬·±²ô »²¸¿²½»¼ ´±½¿´ ¿½½» ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ º±® ¾«·²»»ô ¿²¼ ·³°®±ª»¼ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ¬¸» Ú®¿²µ´·² ½±®®·¼±® ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ÓË ¿®»¿ò ×²½´«·±² ±º ¬¸» ³«´¬·ó©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ ½±²½»°¬ ·² ¬¸» Ð´¿² · ¿ ®»¯«··¬» º±® ¬¸» ÚÒß ÓË Ì¸» ±°»²ó»²¼»¼ ²¿¬«®» ±º ¬¸» °»®³·¬¬»¼ «» ¿ ½±´´»¹» ±® «²·ª»®·¬§ ³·¹¸¬ ¾«·´¼ ·² ¿ Ýóî ¦±²» ¸¿ ¾»»² ¿ ³¿¶±® ¾±²» ±º ½±²¬»²¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ º±® ¯«·¬» ±³» ¬·³»ò Ì¸» ®»½»²¬ ¿ ¿ Ë²·ª»®·¬§ Ë» · ¿ ª·ª·¼ »¨¿³°´» ±º ¬¸· °®±¾´»³ò Ì¸» ÚÒß ¹®»¿¬´§ ¿°°®»½·¿¬»ô ¿²¼ ©¸±´»ó¸»¿®¬»¼´§ «°°±®¬ô ¬¸» ¬¿ºº ¿²¼ Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¬± »ª¿´«¿¬» ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ Ë» ½¿¬»¹±®§ º±® ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¹®»¿¬»® °»½·º·½·¬§ ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸±» «» ¬¸¿¬ ³¿§ ¾» °»®³·¬¬»¼ ±«¬®·¹¸¬ ±® ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ Ý±²¼·¬·±²¿´ Ë» Ð»®³·¬ °®±½»ò Effectiveness of the Plan Needs Review at 50,000 Square Feet of Development or Three Years: ß ²±¬»¼ ¿¾±ª»ô ¬¸» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ¿²¼ ¬¿ºº ¸¿ª» ·²½´«¼»¼ ¿ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¬± »ª¿´«¿¬» ¬¸» Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ÚÞÝô ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿² »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ±º ·³°¿½¬ ±º ¬¸» ®»¼«½» °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ò Ì¸» ÚÒß ÓË Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» «°°±®¬ ¬¸· ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬®±²¹´§ «®¹» ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ¬± »²«®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸· »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ±½½«®ô ·² ½±´´¿¾±®¿¬·±²ñ½±²«´¬¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»®ò Final Thoughts: Careful management of the Plan area ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ °»®³·¬¬·²¹ô »²º±®½»³»²¬ ¿²¼ ½¿®®§·²¹ ±«¬ ½¿°·¬¿´ ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ·³°¿½¬ »ª¿´«¿¬·±² · ½®·¬·½¿´ ¬± «¬¿·²·²¹ ¬¸» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Funding must be made available to complete identified studies and capital projects. Thesuccess of the Walnut Station Center is important ¿ ¿ °·´±¬ ¿²¼ ¿ ³±¼»´ º±® º«¬«®» ³·¨»¼ «» ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ »ºº±®¬ò ×¬ ²»»¼ ¬± ¾» ¼±²» ®·¹¸¬ ± ¬¸¿¬ ·³·´¿® °´¿²²·²¹ »ºº±®¬ ©·´´ ¾» ®»½»·ª»¼ ©»´´ ¿²¼ «°°±®¬»¼ »´»©¸»®» ·² ¬¸» Ý·¬§ò 2139 Centennial Plaza Eugene, OR 97401 (541) 484-3043 June 21, 2010 TO: Mayor Piercy and City Council Members FROM: Eugene Association of REALTORS® SUBJECT: Walnut Station Mixed Use Development Draft Code The Eugene Association of REALTORS® appreciate all the work that has been done on this project; the new innovative ideas entertained, and the involvement of the stakeholders group. This project reflects the type of location planning that has been planned and implemented successfully in other cities in the U.S. The National Association of REALTORS® Smart Growth strategies have showcased form based code development, green development, compact development, walkable neighborhoods, mixed uses, and multiple transportation options. These community options have become outcomes, not just smart growth platitudes. Furthermore, here in Eugene, the Walnut Station Mixed Use Development Draft Code represents a new way to increase densities, reduce building heights, streamline the permitting process, and provide neighbors, builders and building owners both flexibility and certainty, two things lacking in our current code, and two obstacles to starting and completing construction projects. Although not perfect the plan includes some risks such as a multi-way boulevard concept for Franklin and property setbacks that reduce property owners usable space which in some instances is needed parking spaces. We request that you remove the change in this plan for appeals of Planning Director to go before the Planning Commission instead of the Hearings Official. The current system works well and is not broken, and in our view is as unbiased as conceivably possible. With all this said, by now you probably suspect that the Eugene Association of REALTORS ® support this draft code and ask for your yes vote of approval. Contact: Jim Welsh, Political Advocate 2139 Centennial Plaza Eugene, OR 97437 (541) 554-8043 jdwelshco@msn.com Ö«²»îéôîðïð Ý·¬§Ý±«²½·´ Ý·¬§±ºÛ«¹»²» éééÐ»¿®´Í¬®»»¬ Û«¹»²»ôÑÎçéìðïîéîð Ü»¿®Ý±«²½·´ô Ì¸»»«°°´»³»²¬¿´½±³³»²¬¿®»°®±ª·¼»¼·²®»¹¿®¼¬±¬¸»Ý·¬§±ºkÐªÅ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²¬±½®»¿¬»¿ É¿´²«¬Í¬¿¬·±²Í°»½·¿´ß®»¿Æ±²»©·¬¸¿±½·¿¬·±²Ó»¬®±Ð´¿²¿²¼Î»º·²»³»²¬Ð´¿²¿³»²¼³»²¬òÌ¸»» ½±³³»²¬¿®»·²¬»²¼»¼¬±«°°´»³»²¬¬¸»½±³³»²¬°®±ª·¼»¼¾§³§»´º±²ß°®·´îð¿²¼ß°®·´íðôîðïðô ¬¸»Ð´¿²²·²¹Ý±³³··±²°«¾´·½¸»¿®·²¹ô¿²¼¬¸»Ý·¬§Ý±«²½·´°«¾´·½¸»¿®·²¹¿²¼¬¸±»½±³³»²¬¿®» ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼¾§¬¸·®»º»®»²½»òÌ¸»¿°°´·½¿¾´»½®·¬»®·¿©¸·½¸³«¬¾»½±²·¼»®»¼®»¹¿®¼·²¹¬¸·´¿²¼«» ¼»½··±²¿®»¿´±·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼¾§¬¸·®»º»®»²½»ò ß°°»¿´Ð®±½» Ì¸»¿°°»¿´°®±½»º±®¬¸»Ì§°»××¼»½··±²ø÷®»´¿¬»¼¬±°®±°±»¼¼»ª»´±°³»²¬·²¬¸»Ó·¨»¼Ë»Ý»²¬»® ¦±²·²¹©¿®¿·»¼·²¬¸»Ð´¿²²·²¹Ý±³³··±²¿²¼Ý·¬§Ý±«²½·´°®±½»»òÌ¸»º·®¬×¸¿¼¸»¿®¼¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼©¿²¬·²¹¬¸»Ð´¿²²·²¹Ý±³³··±²®¿¬¸»®¬¸¿²¿Ø»¿®·²¹Ñºº·½·¿´¾»¬¸»¿°°»¿´¾±¼§©¿ ¿¬¬¸»Ð´¿²²·²¹Ý±³³··±²°®±½»©¸»²¼·½«»¼¾§¬¸»Ý±³³··±²¿²¼Ý·¬§¬¿ººò×£ªÅ®»½¿´´ ¸¿ª·²¹¿¼·½«·±²©·¬¸¬¿ºº°®·±®¬±¬¸¿¬°±·²¬±²¬¸¿¬°¿®¬·½«´¿®·«»òÐ®·±®¬±¬¸»Ý·¬§Ý±«²½·´ ¸»¿®·²¹×¼·¼¸¿ª»¿¼·½«·±²©·¬¸Ô§¼·¿Ó½Õ·²²»§¿²¼¸»½´¿®·º·»¼¿¯«»¬·±²×¸¿¼®»¹¿®¼·²¹©¸»¬¸»® »·¬¸»®¿°°»¿´°®±½»½±¬³±®»¬¸¿²¬¸»±¬¸»®ø³§¾»·²¹½±²½»®²»¼¿¾±«¬»½±²±³·½¾¿®®·»®º±®¿² ¿°°»¿´÷òÍ¸»½´¿®·º·»¼¬¸¿¬¬¸»®»©¿²±¼·ºº»®»²¬·²¬¸»¿°°»¿´°®±½»òÚ±®¬¸»®»½±®¼ô×¼±²±¬¸¿ª»¿² ±¾¶»½¬·±²¬±¸¿ª·²¹¬¸»Ø»¿®·²¹Ñºº·½·¿´¾»¬¸»¿°°»¿´¾±¼§º±®¼»½··±²®»´¿¬»¼¬±¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ °®±°±»·²¬¸»Ó·¨»¼Ë»Ý»²¬»®¦±²»¿º¬»®·¬¿¼±°¬·±²ò Ô»¹·´¿¬·ª»×²¬»²¬ Ì¸»®»¿®»¬¸®»»¿®»¿¬¸¿¬·¬··³°±®¬¿²¬¬±½´¿®·º§·²¬¸»®»½±®¼®»¹¿®¼·²¹¬¸»´»¹·´¿¬·ª»·²¬»²¬¾»¸·²¼ ¬¸»¿¼±°¬·±²±º¬¸»Ó·¨»¼Ë»Ý»²¬»®¦±²·²¹ò Ë»±º¬¸»¬»®³Â·ªÁ ×¸¿ª»®¿·»¼¬¸»·«»¬¸¿¬¬¸»¬»®³Â·ªÁ¿²¼ÂkÁ¿®»«»¼·²¬¸»É¿´²«¬Í¬¿¬·±²Í°»½·¿´ß®»¿ Æ±²»½±¼»´¿²¹«¿¹»ò×®»¯«»¬¬¸¿¬¬¿ºº½´»¿®´§¬¿¬»º±®¬¸»®»½±®¼¬¸¿¬Â·ªÁ·²½´«¼»Â£Y ¿½®±¿®·¹¸¬±º©¿§±®«ªÁÈß¾»²¬¬¸·½´¿®·º·½¿¬·±²ô×¿³½±²½»®²»¼¬¸¿¬Â·ªÁ©·´´²±¬ ¿°°´§¬±°®±°»®¬§¿½®±¿®·¹¸¬±º©¿§±®»¿»³»²¬¿²¼¬¸¿¬¬¸»¼»ª»´±°³»²¬¬¿²¼¿®¼¬¸¿¬¿®» ¬¸ ·²¬»²¼»¼¬±°®±¬»½¬¬¸»ÂÐøk±ÐÁ¾»¬©»»²¬¸»ÓËÝ¦±²·²¹±²¬¸»²±®¬¸·¼»±ºïë¿¬¸» ¬¸ °®»¼±³·²¿²¬´§·²¹´»º¿³·´§²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼±²¬¸»±«¬¸·¼»±ºïë©·´´²±¬¾»¿°°´·»¼òÍ¬¿ºº¸¿ ¬¸ ·²¼·½¿¬»¼¬¸¿¬¬¸»·²¬»²¬·¬±°®±¬»½¬¬¸»±«¬¸·¼»±ºïëòÌ¸»®»º±®»·¬³«¬¾»³¿¼»½´»¿®¬¸¿¬¬¸» ·²¬»²¬±º¬¸»¬»®³Â·ªÁ·²½´«¼»Â£Y¿½®±¿®·¹¸¬±º©¿§±®«ªÈÁ Ì¸»Ì»®³Â¸Á·²½´«¼»Ó«´¬·°´»Ë» ßÓ·¨»¼Ë»Ý»²¬»®ô¾§¼»·¹²ô¸¿¿²«³¾»®±º«»òÌ¸»®»³¿§¾»³«´¬·°´»°®·³¿®§«»¿´±²¹©·¬¸ °»®¸¿°±³»¿²½·´´¿®§«»òÌ¸»½±¼»·«²½´»¿®¿¬±¬¸»¿°°´·½¿¬·±²±º¬¸»¬»®³ÂkÁº±®¿ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬·¬»òÌ¸»´»¹·´¿¬·ª»·²¬»²¬¸±«´¼¾»³¿¼»½´»¿®¬¸¿¬¿¼»ª»´±°³»²¬·¬»³¿§¸¿ª» ³«´¬·°´»«»ô²±¬¶«¬¿·²¹´»«»ò×¸¿ª»¸¿¼¼·½«·±²©·¬¸¬¿ºº®»¹¿®¼·²¹¬¸·¿©»´´¿²¼¬¸»§¸¿ª» »¨°´¿·²»¼¬¸¿¬¬¸»·®ø·²¼·ª·¼«¿´÷·²¬»®°®»¬¿¬·±²¿²¼¿°°´·½¿¬·±²±º¬¸»½±¼»·½±²·¬»²¬©·¬¸¬¸»½±²½»°¬ ¬¸¿¬¬¸»®»½¿²¾»³±®»¬¸¿²±²»«»±²¿¼»ª»´±°³»²¬·¬»ò×®»¯«»¬¬¸¿¬¬¿ºº³¿µ»·¬¿¾±´«¬»´§½´»¿® º±®¬¸»®»½±®¼¿²¼´»¹·´¿¬·ª»·²¬»²¬±º¬¸»½±¼»¬¸¿¬¬¸»®»½¿²¾»³±®»¬¸¿²±²»ÂkÁº±®¿ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬·¬»¿²¼ôº±®»¨¿³°´»ô®»·¼»²¬·¿´¿²¼²±²®»·¼»²¬·¿´¬¿²¼¿®¼³¿§¿°°´§¬±¬¸»¿³» ´¿²¼«»±®¾«·´¼·²¹°»®³·¬¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ò Ó·¬·¹¿¬·±²×Í¸·º¬·²¹º®±³Ü»ª»´±°»®¬±¬¸»Ý·¬§ ×®¿·»¼¬¸··«»¼«®·²¹¬¸»Ý·¬§Ý±«²½·´°«¾´·½¸»¿®·²¹òÞ§»¨°¿²¼·²¹¬¸»²«³¾»®±º±«¬®·¹¸¬°»®³·¬¬»¼ «»¿²¼®»¼«½·²¹±ºº¬®»»¬°¿®µ·²¹®»¯«·®»³»²¬ô¬¸»³·¬·¹¿¬·±²¼«»¬±¬¸»¦±²»½¸¿²¹»·¸·º¬·²¹ º®±³¼»ª»´±°»®¬±¬¸»Ý·¬§òÌ¸»®»½±®¼¸±«´¼¾»½´»¿®¬¸¿¬¬¸»Ý·¬§·¬¿µ·²¹±²¿²·²½®»¿»¼±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ¬±³·¬·¹¿¬»¬¸»·³°¿½¬±º¼»ª»´±°³»²¬¬±°®±¬»½¬¬¸»¸·¬±®·½ô°®»¼±³·²¿²¬´§·²¹´»º¿³·´§Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Í«®º¿½»Ð¿®µ·²¹¿²¼Ü»·¹²Î»ª·»© ×¸¿ª»®¿·»¼½±²½»®²®»¹¿®¼·²¹¬¸»º¿½¬¬¸¿¬¬¸»°®±°±»¼¦±²·²¹±«¬®·¹¸¬°»®³·¬«»¬¸¿¬¿®»²±¬ ±«¬®·¹¸¬°»®³·¬¬»¼«²¼»®½«®®»²¬¦±²·²¹òÍ¬®«½¬«®»¼°¿®µ·²¹¿²¼«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹²±¬¼·®»½¬´§®»´¿¬»¼¬± ¿¼»ª»´±°³»²¬·¬»¿®»¿«¬±³±¾·´»·²¬»²·ª»¿²¼½¿²¾»¼·®«°¬·ª»¬±¿°»¼»¬®·¿²º®·»²¼´§»²ª·®±²³»²¬ »²ª··±²»¼¾§¬¸»³·¨»¼«»½»²¬»®½±²½»°¬òÌ®¿²·¬¬¿¬·±²¿®»¿²±¬¸»®»¨¿³°´»±º¿²±«¬®·¹¸¬ °»®³·¬¬»¼«»¬¸¿¬·²±¬½«®®»²¬´§¿²±«¬®·¹¸¬°»®³·¬¬»¼«»òÍ·¬»Î»ª·»©±®Ý±²¼·¬·±²¿´Ë»°®±½»» ©±«´¼¾»¬®·¹¹»®»¼ø«²¼»®¬¸»½«®®»²¬¦±²·²¹÷º±®¬¸»¿¾±ª»®»º»®»²½»¼«»¿²¼¬¸¿¬ô·²¬«®²ô©±«´¼ ¬®·¹¹»®´¿²¼«»°±´·½·»¬¸¿¬©±«´¼®»¯«·®»³·¬·¹¿¬·±²±º¬¸»°¿®µ·²¹¿²¼¬®¿ºº·½·³°¿½¬±²¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò ×²Ö¿²«¿®§±º¬¸·§»¿®ôøøÅ°±·¬·±²º±®¬¸»É¿´²«¬Í¬¿¬·±²Í°»½·¿´ß®»¿Æ±²»©¿¬¸¿¬¬®«½¬«®»¼ °¿®µ·²¹©±«´¼¾»¿²±«¬®·¹¸¬°»®³·¬¬»¼«»¿²¼¬¸¿¬«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹©±«´¼®»¯«·®»¼»·¹²®»ª·»©ò Ü»·¹²Î»ª·»©©±«´¼¬®·¹¹»®¬¸»°±´·½·»¬¸¿¬®»¯«·®»³·¬·¹¿¬·±²±º¬¸»°¿®µ·²¹¿²¼¬®¿ºº·½·³°¿½¬±²¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò×®»¯«»¬»¼¬¸¿¬¬¸»»«»¾»«¾¶»½¬¬±¬¸»½«®®»²¬´¿²¼«»°®±½»ø·¬»®»ª·»©±® ½±²¼·¬·±²¿´«»°»®³·¬°®±½»÷ò Ì¸»½«®®»²¬·¬»®¿¬·±²·¬¸¿¬¾±¬¸«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹¿²¼¬®«½¬«®»¼°¿®µ·²¹¿®»±«¬®·¹¸¬°»®³·¬¬»¼ò× ®»¯«»¬¬¸¿¬¬¸»«»¬¿¾´»¾»³±¼·º·»¼¬±®»¯«·®»¬¸¿¬«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹¾»«¾¶»½¬¬±¼»·¹²®»ª·»© ½±²·¬»²¬©·¬¸øøÅ°±·¬·±²·²Ö¿²«¿®§òÍ«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹·¼·ºº»®»²¬¬¸¿²¬®«½¬«®»¼°¿®µ·²¹·²¬¸¿¬ ¬®«½¬«®»¼°¿®µ·²¹©±«´¼¸¿ª»¿¬®«½¬«®¿´¾¿®®·»®¬±³·¬·¹¿¬»¬¸»·³°¿½¬±º²±·»ô±¼±®ô¿²¼´·¹¸¬ °±´´«¬·±²ô©¸·´»«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹©±«´¼²±¬¸¿ª»¬¸»¿³»¿ºº»½¬ò×²¿¼¼·¬·±²ô¬®«½¬«®»¼°¿®µ·²¹©±«´¼ ³±¬´·µ»´§¾»·²¬»¹®¿¬»¼©·¬¸¿²±¬¸»®«»±²¬¸»¼»ª»´±°³»²¬·¬»©¸·´»«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹·«»ø£Ç·k °¿®µ·²¹òÍ¬¿ºº¸¿ª»²±¬½´»¿®´§¿®¬·½«´¿¬»©¸§«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹¸±«´¼²±¬¾»«¾¶»½¬¬±¼»·¹²®»ª·»©ò ß¿½±³°®±³·»ô®¿¬¸»®¬¸¿²«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹¾»«¾¶»½¬¬±·¬»®»ª·»©ô×¿³³±¼·º§·²¹³§°±·¬·±²¬± ¬¸»øøÅ°±·¬·±²·²Ö¿²«¿®§ò×®»¯«»¬¬¸¿¬«®º¿½»°¿®µ·²¹¾»«¾¶»½¬¬±¼»·¹²®»ª·»©ò ¬¸ Ý±²½»®²Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ß½½»±²¬±Û¿¬ïëßª»²«» ¬¸ Ì¸»ïëßª»²«»»¼¹»ô©·¬¸¬¸»ÓËÝ±²¬¸»²±®¬¸¿²¼¸·¬±®·½ô°®»¼±³·²¿²¬´§·²¹´»º¿³·´§ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼±²¬¸»±«¬¸¸¿¾»»²¿½±²·¬»²¬½±²½»®²±º²»·¹¸¾±®ò×®»¯«»¬¬¸»º±´´±©·²¹æ ¬¸ ï÷Ì¸¿¬¬¸»®»¾»¿´·³·¬¬±¬¸»²«³¾»®±ºª»¸·½´»¬¸¿¬½¿²«»Ûòïë¿ª»²«»¿¿½½»º®±³ °®±°»®¬·»´±½¿¬»¼·²¬¸»É¿´²«¬Í¬¿¬·±²Í°»½·¿´ß®»¿Æ±²»òß´¿®¹»²«³¾»®±ºª»¸·½´»«·²¹ ¬¸ ïëßª»²«»º±®·²¹®»¿²¼»¹®»©±«´¼¾»¼·®«°¬·ª»¬±¬¸»²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼¿²¼²±¬½®»¿¬»¿ °»¼»¬®·¿²º®·»²¼´§»²ª·®±²³»²¬ò î÷Þ»½¿«»¬¸»°®±°±»¼¦±²·²¹©±«´¼°®±¸·¾·¬¿½½»¬±Ú®¿²µ´·²Þ´ª¼º±®²»©¼»ª»´±°³»²¬¿²¼ ø½«®®»²¬´§÷¬¸»±²´§±¬¸»®°«¾´·½®·¹¸¬±º©¿§º±®¿½½»¬±°®±°»®¬·»±«¬¸±ºÚ®¿²µ´·²Þ´ª¼·² ¬¸ ¬¸»ÓËÝ¿®»Ê·´´¿®¼ôÑ®½¸¿®¼ôÉ¿´²«¬ô¿²¼Û¿¬ïëßª»²«»×®»¯«»¬¬¸¿¬¬¸»º±´´±©·²¹°±´·½§ ¾»·²½´«¼»¼·²¬¸»¼»½··±²æ Â¼ÆÝ·¬§¸¿´´»ª¿´«¿¬»½¸¿²¹·²¹¬¸»¬®»»¬½´¿·º·½¿¬·±²º±®Ê·´´¿®¼ôÑ®½¸¿®¼ô¿²¼É¿´²«¬²±®¬¸ ¬¸ ±ºÛ¿¬ïëßª»²«»º®±³²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼¬®»»¬¬±²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼£±±£ÈÁ É¸·´»¬¸·°±´·½§¼±»²±¬°®»¼»¬»®³·²»¬¸»±«¬½±³»±º«½¸¿°®±½»ô·º¬¸»°®±½»®»«´¬»¼ ¬¸ ·²Ê·´´¿®¼ôÑ®½¸¿®¼ô¿²¼É¿´²«¬²±®¬¸±ºïë¾»·²¹½´¿·º·»¼¿¬²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼½±´´»½¬±®¬¸¿¬ ·²½®»¿»·²½´¿·º·½¿¬·±²©±«´¼®»¯«·®»°®±°»®¬·»¬¸¿¬¸¿ª»¿½½»¬±Ê·´´¿®¼ôÑ®½¸¿®¼ô¿²¼ É¿´²«¬¬±¼»ª»´±°Ê·´´¿®¼ôÑ®½¸¿®¼ô¿²¼É¿´²«¬º±®ª»¸·½´»·²¹®»¿²¼»¹®»®¿¬¸»®¬¸¿²«·²¹ ¬¸ Û¿¬ïëßª»²«»ò Ì®¿ºº·½¿²¼Ð¿®µ·²¹ Ì¸»Í¬¿ººÎ»°±®¬®»¹¿®¼·²¹¬®¿ºº·½¿²¼°¿®µ·²¹¿®»²±¬»²¬·®»´§½±®®»½¬òÌ¸»¬¿ºº®»°±®¬°±·²¬¬±´±©»® ¬®¿ºº·½¿´±²¹²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼¬®»»¬©¸»²´±±µ·²¹¿¬¸·¬±®·½¬«¼·»òØ±©»ª»®ô¬¸»ß¹¿¬»ñÚ¿·®³±«²¬ ¬®¿ºº·½½¿´³·²¹¬«¼§ø©¸·½¸©¿·³°´»³»²¬»¼¿¿®»«´¬±º«°¦±²·²¹¢íð¿½®»½±²¬®±´´»¼¾§¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§·²¬¸»Û¿¬Ý¿³°«¿®»¿÷©¿½±²¼«½¬»¼¬±¿¼¼®»º«¬«®»¼»ª»´±°³»²¬¿¿®»«´¬±º¬¸» ½¸¿²¹»·²¦±²·²¹òÂøøÅ®»°®»»²¬¿¬·±²·²¬¸»³±®»®»½»²¬¬¿ºº®»°±®¬¿®»·²½±²·¬»²¬©·¬¸¬¸» º·²¼·²¹±º¬¸»ß¹¿¬»ñÚ¿·®³±«²¬¬®¿ºº·½½¿´³·²¹¬«¼§ò×²¿¼¼·¬·±²ô¬¸»®»¸¿¾»»²³±®»®»½»²¬ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬¬¸¿¬¬¿ºº¸¿º±«²¼½±«´¼·²½®»¿»¬®¿ºº·½·²¬¸»²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼¿²¼³·¬·¹¿¬·±²©¿ ®»¯«·®»¼¼«»¬±¬¸¿¬·²½®»¿»òÌ¸»°®±°±»¼¦±²»½¸¿²¹»®»¼«½»±ºº¬®»»¬°¿®µ·²¹®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ©¸·½¸·²½®»¿»°¿®µ·²¹¿´±²¹²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼¬®»»¬¿²¼ô³±®»°»®¸¿°³±®»·³°±®¬¿²¬´§ô¬®¿ºº·½ ´±±µ·²¹º±®°¿®µ·²¹±²²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼¬®»»¬©¸·½¸¿®»¿´®»¿¼§«²¼»®·¹²·º·½¿²¬°¿®µ·²¹°®»«®»ò Û¿®´·»®¬¿ºº®»°±®¬·²¬¸·½«®®»²¬°®±½»½±²ª»§»¼¬¸»³»¿¹»¬¸¿¬¬®¿ºº·½·¼±©²ô²»·¹¸¾±®¸±«´¼ ¾»¸¿°°§ô¿²¼²»·¹¸¾±®©¸±®¿·»½±²½»®²¿¾±«¬¬®¿ºº·½¿²¼°¿®µ·²¹¿®»¶«¬°´¿·²©®±²¹òÉ»´´ô× ®»°»½¬º«´´§¼·¿¹®»»òÌ¸»º¿½¬¼±²±¬«°°±®¬øøÅ¿»®¬·±²¿²¼°®·±®¬¿ºº°±·¬·±²±²¬¸·³¿¬¬»® ©»®»²±¬¸»´°·²¹³±ª»¬¸·°®±½»º±®©¿®¼ò Ú±®¬«²¿¬»´§ô¶«¬°®·±®¬±¬¸»Ý·¬§Ý±«²½·´¸»¿®·²¹ô¿®»°®»»²¬¿¬·ª»º®±³¬¸»²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼©¿¿¾´»¬± ¼·½«¬¸··«»©·¬¸½·¬§¬¿ºº¿¬´»²¹¬¸ò×¸¿ª»²±¬®»¿¼¬¸»ÂøÃª±Áª»®·±²±º¬¸»¬¿ºº®»°±®¬ô¾«¬×¿³ °´»¿»¼©·¬¸¬¸»´¿²¹«¿¹»°®±°±»¼¾§¬¿ºº®»¹¿®¼·²¹¬¸»°´¿½·²¹¿®»¯«·®»³»²¬±²¬¸»½·¬§¬±»ª¿´«¿¬» ¬®¿ºº·½¿²¼°¿®µ·²¹·³°¿½¬®»´¿¬»¼¬±¼»ª»´±°³»²¬±®°±¬»²¬·¿´²»©¼»ª»´±°³»²¬¿¿®»«´¬±º¬¸» ÓËÝ´¿²¼«»°®±½»ò×®»¯«»¬ø·º·¬ÆªÅ¾»»²¼±²»¿´®»¿¼§÷¬¸¿¬¬¿ºº³±¼·º§·¬®»°®»»²¬¿¬·±²±º ¬®¿ºº·½¿²¼°¿®µ·²¹·³°¿½¬¿¿®»«´¬±º¬¸·´¿²¼«»½¸¿²¹»¬±½®»¿¬»¿Ó·¨»¼Ë»Ý»²¬»®ò Ý±²¼·¬·±²¿´Ë»¿²¼Í·¬»Î»ª·»© ×²°®·±®½±³³»²¬ô×°±·²¬»¼±«¬¬¸¿¬Ý±²¼·¬·±²¿´Ë»¿²¼Í·¬»Î»ª·»©°®±½»»®»¯«·®»¼¼»ª»´±°»®¬± ¿¼¼®»¿²«³¾»®±º·³°¿½¬ô·²½´«¼·²¹²±·»¿²¼±¼±®òß³±®»®»½»²¬¬¿ºº®»°±®¬·³°´·»¼¬¸¿¬©¸·´» Í·¬»Î»ª·»©®»¯«·®»¼¬¸»»·³°¿½¬¾»¿¼¼®»»¼ô¬¸·©¿²±¬¿®»¯«·®»³»²¬º±®¿½±²¼·¬·±²¿´«» °®±½»ò×¸¿ª»·²½»°±µ»©·¬¸¬¿ºº¿²¼¬¸»§¿¹®»»©·¬¸³§®»°®»»²¬¿¬·±²±ºÝ±²¼·¬·±²¿´Ë»¿²¼ Í·¬»Î»ª·»©ò×®»¯«»¬¬¸¿¬¬¿ºº½´¿®·º§¬¸»·®»¿®´·»®¬¿¬»³»²¬ò Û¨·¬·²¹Ø»·¹¸¬Ô·³·¬ Í¬¿ºº¸¿ª»½±²·¬»²¬´§¬¿¬»¼¬¸¿¬¬¸»²»©ÓËÝ¦±²·²¹©±«´¼°«¬·²°´¿½»ô¿³±²¹±¬¸»®¬¸·²¹ô¸»·¹¸¬ ´·³·¬ô»¬¾¿½µô¿²¼¬»°¾¿½µòÍ¬¿ºº¸¿ª»¬¿¬»¼¬¸¿¬¿¾»²¬¬¸·½¸¿²¹»ô¬¸¿¬¬¸»½«®®»²¬¸»·¹¸¬´·³·¬· ïîðº»»¬òÌ¸··°¿®¬·¿´´§¬®«»òÝ«®®»²¬¦±²·²¹¼±»°´¿½»¸»·¹¸¬´·³·¬¿²¼»¬¾¿½µ±²¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿½®±º®±³®»·¼»²¬·¿´¦±²·²¹¾¿»¼±²¼·¬¿²½»º®±³¬¸»®»·¼»²¬·¿´¦±²»òØ»·¹¸¬´·³·¬¼±½«®®»²¬´§ »¨·¬òÍ»¬¾¿½µ¼±½«®®»²¬´§»¨·¬òÐÔ¦±²·²¹ô¿¿²¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´»¨¿³°´»ô¼±»²±¬¿´´±©«»¬±¾»±«¬®·¹¸¬ °»®³·¬¬»¼«»¼«»¬±¬¸»·®°®±¨·³·¬§¬±®»·¼»²¬·¿´¦±²·²¹ò×®»¯«»¬¬¸¿¬¬¿ºº½´¿®·º§¬¸»½¸¿®¿½¬»®·¬·½ ±º»¨·¬·²¹¦±²·²¹½±³°¿®»¼¬±¬¸»°®±°±»¼ÓËÝ¦±²·²¹òÌ¸···³°±®¬¿²¬º±®¬¸»®»½±®¼¾»½¿«» øøÅ®»°®»»²¬¿¬·±²±º»¨·¬·²¹½±²¼·¬·±²·³°´·»¬¸¿¬¬¸»½±¼»½¸¿²¹»³¿µ»¿²«³¾»®±º ·³°®±ª»³»²¬òÉ¸·´»×¿¹®»»±³»·³°®±ª»³»²¬¿®»·²¬¸»°®±°±»¼¦±²»½¸¿²¹»ô¬¸»²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿²¼»¨·¬·²¹°®±°»®¬§±©²»®¿®»¹·ª·²¹«°±³»»¨·¬·²¹´¿²¼«»°®±¬»½¬·±²¿¿®»«´¬±º¬¸»¦±²» ½¸¿²¹»ò Ò±·»¿²¼Ñ¼±® ¬Å`½±³»¿·¹²·º·½¿²¬©¿§º®±³»ª»²¬¸»Ð´¿²²·²¹Ý±³³··±²°«¾´·½°®±½»©·¬¸®»¹¿®¼¬± ³·¬·¹¿¬·±²±º°¿®µ·²¹ô¬®¿ºº·½ô¸»·¹¸¬´·³·¬ô¿²¼¬¸»Â`Ãk±Á´±±µ±º¬¸»³·¨»¼«»½»²¬»®òØ±©»ª»®ô¾§ »¨°¿²¼·²¹¬¸»²«³¾»®±º±«¬®·¹¸¬°»®³·¬¬»¼«»ô·³°¿½¬¬¸¿¬©±«´¼±¬¸»®©·»¾»¿¼¼®»»¼¬¸®±«¹¸ ·¬»®»ª·»©±®½±²¼·¬·±²¿´«»«½¸¿²±·»¿²¼±¼±®¿®»²±¬¿¼¼®»»¼·²¬¸»¦±²»½¸¿²¹»ò×®»¯«»¬ ¬¸¿¬¬¸»¬¿ºº¿¼¼®»¿²¼»¨°¿²¼«°±²¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´³·¬·¹¿¬·±²¬±¬¸»²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼©·¬¸®»°»½¬¬±²±·» ¿²¼±¼±®ò Î»°»½¬º«´´§Í«¾³·¬¬»¼ô Ö»ººÒ»´±² ¬¸ îïììÛïëßª»²«» ______________________________________________________________________ Date: Ö«´§ ïô îðïð To: Û«¹»²» Ý·¬§ Ý±«²½·´ Submitted By: Ö±¸² Þ¿®±ºµ§ ¿²¼ Í«·» Í³·¬¸ô Ý±óÝ¸¿·®ô É¿´²«¬ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»»ô Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±® ß±½·¿¬·±² Subject: É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®Í«³³¿®§ ±º Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±® Ì»¬·³±²§ ¿¬ ¬¸» Ö«²» îïô îðïð Ð«¾´·½ Ø»¿®·²¹ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ INTRODUCTION: Ñ² Ö«²» îïô îðïðô ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Ý·¬§ Ý±«²½·´ ½±²¼«½¬»¼ ¿ °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ ±² ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼óË» Ý»²¬»® °®±¶»½¬ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² øÐ´¿²÷ ¿²¼ ¿±½·¿¬»¼ º±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» øÚÞÝ÷ò ß¬ ¬¸» ¸»¿®·²¹ô ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ¸»¿®¼ º®±³ ²«³»®±« °»±°´»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ »ª»®¿´ °»¿µ·²¹ ±² ¾»¸¿´º ±º ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±® ß±½·¿¬·±² øÚÒß÷ É¿´²«¬ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾ó½±³³·¬¬»»ò Ì¸· ³»³± «³³¿®·¦» ¬¸» ½±²½»®² °®»»²¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» ÚÒß ¬»¬·³±²§ò Ì¸» ÚÒß ¸¿ ¾»»² ¿² ¿½¬·ª» ¿²¼ ½±²¬®«½¬·ª» °¿®¬·½·°¿²¬ ·² ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½» ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿´´ ±º ·¬ °¸¿»ò Ì¸· Ð´¿² · ¬¸» ½«´³·²¿¬·±² ±º ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ »ºº±®¬ ±² ¬¸» °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ¿²¼ ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¬± º±®¹» ¬®¿¬»¹·» ¬¸¿¬ ¿½¸·»ª» ³¿²§ ±¾¶»½¬·ª»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ °®»»®ª¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¯«¿´·¬§ ±º ´·º» ·² ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò É» ¹®»¿¬´§ ¿°°®»½·¿¬» ¬¸» »ºº±®¬ ±º Ý·¬§ ¬¿ºº ¬± ¿¼¼®» ¬¸» ÚÒß ½±²½»®² ¬¸¿¬ ©»®» ®¿·»¼ ¼«®·²¹ Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ®»ª·»© ±º ¬¸» Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ÚÞÝô »°»½·¿´´§ ¬¸» ²»© °±´·½§ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² °®±ª·¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¿ºº ¬± ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬®¿ºº·½ ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·«»ò ß¼¼®»·²¹ ¬¸» ¬®¿ºº·½ ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ©·´´ ¾» ½®«½·¿´ ¬± »²«®·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ´¿®¹»´§ ·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ¿²¼ ¬®¿ºº·½ ª±´«³» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ´±½¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¬®»»¬ ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² ¿®» ³¿·²¬¿·²»¼ò Ð®±ª·¼»¼ ¾»´±© · ¿ ª»®§ ¾®·»º ¾«´´»¬»¼ «³³¿®§ ±º ¬¸» ½±³³»²¬ °®±ª·¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ÚÒßò É» ¸±°» §±« ©·´´ ¿´± ®»ª·»© ¬¸» ³±®» ´»²¹¬¸§ ¬»¬·³±²§ ¬¸¿¬ ©¿ «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² º±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ¾¿½µ¹®±«²¼ ¿²¼ ± §±« ½¿² »» ¸±© ¬¸» «¾»¯«»²¬ ½¸¿²¹» ·² ¬»¨¬ ¿²¼ °±´·½·» °®±°±»¼ º±® ¬¸» °´¿² ¿¼¼®» ¬¸» ½±²½»®² ®¿·»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ÚÒßò Traffic Impacts to the Neighborhood Must be Adequately Evaluated and Mitigated: ×³°¿½¬ ±º º«¬«®» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ³·¨»¼ «» øÓË÷ ¿®»¿ ±² ¬®¿ºº·½ ª±´«³» ¿²¼ °¿¬¬»®² ©»®» ²±¬ ¬«¼·»¼ ·² ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½»ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ ¼®¿º¬ ¬»¨¬ ±º ¬¸» Ð´¿² ¼±» ²±¬ ®»º´»½¬ ¬¸ ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ¬± ®»¼«½» ½«¬ó¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬®¿ºº·½ ·² ¬¸» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ±«¬¸ ±º ïë ßª»²«»ô ±® ¬¸» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ²»»¼ º±® º«¬«®» ¬«¼§ ¿²¼ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ¬¸¿¬ ©¿ ½¿°¬«®»¼ ·² ¬¸» Û¿¬ Ý¿³°« Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¬¸» ß¹¿¬» Í¬®»»¬ñÚ¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ Ì®¿ºº·½ Ý¿´³·²¹ Í¬«¼§ ¿²¼ °´¿²ò Ì¸» ÚÒß É¿´²«¬ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» ®»¯«»¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ¿°°®±ª» ¬¸» ®»ª·»¼ °±´·½§ ´¿²¹«¿¹» «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¿ºº ½±²½»®²·²¹ ¬¸» «°¼¿¬»ô ¿²¼ ·³°´»³»²¬ °®±¶»½¬ ¿²¼ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ³»¿«®» ¬»³³·²¹ º®±³ ¬¸» «°¼¿¬» ±º ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñß¹¿¬» Ì®¿ºº·½ Ý¿´³·²¹ Í¬«¼§ ¬± ¿¼¼®» ¬®¿ºº·½ ·³°¿½¬ ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ÓË ¿®»¿ò É» ¿´± ®»¯«»¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» Ð´¿² ¬»¨¬ ¾» ®»©®·¬¬»² ¬± ¿½½«®¿¬»´§ ®»º´»½¬ ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½±²¼·¬·±²ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ®»´»ª¿²¬ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² º®±³ ¬¸» ß¹¿¬» Í¬®»»¬ñÚ¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ Ì®¿ºº·½ Ý¿´³·²¹ Í¬«¼§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿±½·¿¬»¼ ¬¿ºº ®»°±®¬ °®±ª·¼»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ý·¬§ Ý±«²½·´ò Parking Impacts to the Neighborhood Must be Adequately Evaluated and Mitigated: Ì¸» ³·²·³«³ ±ººó¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ · ®»¼«½»¼ ·² ¬¸» ÚÞÝ º®±³ ¬¸» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ Ýóî ±ººó ¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¸±°» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ¬®¿²·¬ ¿²¼ °»¼»¬®·¿² ±®·»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ ©·´´ °®±³±¬» ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ¬± ¿«¬±³±¾·´» «¿¹»ò Ì¸· ¬¿²¼¿®¼ · ·²½´«¼»¼ ©·¬¸±«¬ ¿²¿´§· ±º ¬¸» °¿®µ·²¹ ·³°¿½¬ ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ±½½«® ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ÓË ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ ·² ¬¸» «®®±«²¼·²¹ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ì¸· · ±º ¹®»¿¬ ½±²½»®² ¬± ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿²¼ ´±½¿´ ¾«·²»»ò Ì¸» Ð´¿² ®»º´»½¬ ¿ ®»´·¿²½» ±² ¬¸» ß®»²¿ °¿®µ·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ ¬± ®»±´ª» °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³ ¬¸¿¬ ³¿§ ¼»ª»´±° ·² ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ì¸· · ²±¬ ¿² ¿¼»¯«¿¬» ¿«®¿²½» ¬± ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¬¸¿¬ °·´´ ±ª»® °¿®µ·²¹ ©·´´ ²±¬ ¾»½±³» ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ °®±¾´»³ ·² ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ì¸» ÚÒß Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» «°°±®¬ ¬¸» ¬¿ºº ®»½±³³»²¼»¼ ®»ª··±² ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿ °±´·½§ ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ·²½´«¼» ¿ º®±²¬ó»²¼ »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ø¾§ ß°®·´ íðô îðïï÷ ±º ¬¸» ¿¼»¯«¿½§ ±º ¬¸» ß®»²¿ Ð¿®µ·²¹ Ü·¬®·½¬ ¿²¼ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² º±® ¿´¬»®²¿¬» °¿®µ·²¹ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ³»¿«®» ·º ¬¸» ß®»²¿ Ð¿®µ·²¹ Ü·¬®·½¬ · ¼»¬»®³·²»¼ ¬± ¾» ·²¿¼»¯«¿¬»ò É» ¿´± «°°±®¬ ¬¸» ¬¿ºº ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿² »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ®»¼«½»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ·² ¬¸» »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ®»°±®¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ¬± ¾» ½±³°´»¬»¼ ¿º¬»® ëðôððð ¯«¿®» º»»¬ ±º ¿®»¿ · ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ±® ¬¸®»» §»¿®ô ©¸·½¸»ª»® ½±³» º·®¬ò th The Transition Edge at 15 Avenue is Critical: Ì¸» ÚÒß Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» «°°±®¬ ¬¸» »¬¾¿½µ ¿²¼ ¬»°°»¼ ¾¿½µ ¸»·¹¸¬ ´·³·¬ ¿ ¿ ³»¿² ¬± ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¬¸» ·²¬»²·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ÓË ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ ¬± ¬¸» ´¿®¹»´§ ·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ¬¸ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ±«¬¸ ±º ïë ßª»²«»ò Ì¸»» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ©»®» ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ½±´´¿¾±®¿¬·ª»´§ ¾§ ¬¸» ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¿²¼ ¿®» ½®·¬·½¿´ ¬± ¬¸» ±ª»®¿´´ ÚÒß «°°±®¬ ±º ¬¸» °´¿²ò Ì¸» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¼»°·½¬·²¹ ¬¸» ¸»·¹¸¬ ¿²¼ ¬»°ó¾¿½µ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ²»»¼ ¬± ¾» «°¼¿¬»¼ ¬± ¸±© ¬¸» ½±³³·¬³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸· ¬¸ ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ïë ßª»²«» »¼¹» ·²½´«¼» ¬¸» »¹³»²¬ ¾»¬©»»² Ñ®½¸¿®¼ Í¬®»»¬ ¿²¼ É¿´²«¬ Í¬®»»¬ò The Multi-Way Boulevard is Important: Ì¸» ÚÒß Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» «°°±®¬ ¬¸» ³«´¬·ó©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ô ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ °®±ª·¼» º±® ·²½®»¿»¼ °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿²¼ ¾·½§½´» ¿º»¬§ô »²¬®¿²½» ¾»¿«¬·º·½¿¬·±²ô »²¸¿²½»¼ ´±½¿´ ¿½½» ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ º±® ¾«·²»»ô ¿²¼ ·³°®±ª»¼ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ¬¸» Ú®¿²µ´·² ½±®®·¼±® ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ÓË ¿®»¿ò ×²½´«·±² ±º ¬¸» ³«´¬·ó©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ ½±²½»°¬ ·² ¬¸» Ð´¿² · ¿ ®»¯«··¬» º±® ¬¸» ÚÒß ÓË Ì¸» ±°»²ó»²¼»¼ ²¿¬«®» ±º ¬¸» °»®³·¬¬»¼ «» ¿ ½±´´»¹» ±® «²·ª»®·¬§ ³·¹¸¬ ¾«·´¼ ·² ¿ Ýóî ¦±²» ¸¿ ¾»»² ¿ ³¿¶±® ¾±²» ±º ½±²¬»²¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ º±® ¯«·¬» ±³» ¬·³»ò Ì¸» ®»½»²¬ ¿ ¿ Ë²·ª»®·¬§ Ë» · ¿ ª·ª·¼ »¨¿³°´» ±º ¬¸· °®±¾´»³ò Ì¸» ÚÒß ¹®»¿¬´§ ¿°°®»½·¿¬»ô ¿²¼ ©¸±´»ó¸»¿®¬»¼´§ «°°±®¬ô ¬¸» ¬¿ºº ¿²¼ Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¬± »ª¿´«¿¬» ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ Ë» ½¿¬»¹±®§ º±® ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¹®»¿¬»® °»½·º·½·¬§ ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸±» «» ¬¸¿¬ ³¿§ ¾» °»®³·¬¬»¼ ±«¬®·¹¸¬ ±® ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ Ý±²¼·¬·±²¿´ Ë» Ð»®³·¬ °®±½»ò Effectiveness of the Plan Needs Review at 50,000 Square Feet of Development or Three Years: ß ²±¬»¼ ¿¾±ª»ô ¬¸» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ¿²¼ ¬¿ºº ¸¿ª» ·²½´«¼»¼ ¿ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¬± »ª¿´«¿¬» ¬¸» Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ÚÞÝô ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿² »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ±º ·³°¿½¬ ±º ¬¸» ®»¼«½» °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ò Ì¸» ÚÒß ÓË Í«¾½±³³·¬¬»» «°°±®¬ ¬¸· ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬®±²¹´§ «®¹» ¬¸» Ý±«²½·´ ¬± »²«®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸· »ª¿´«¿¬·±² ±½½«®ô ·² ½±´´¿¾±®¿¬·±²ñ½±²«´¬¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»®ò Final Thoughts: Careful management of the Plan area ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ °»®³·¬¬·²¹ô »²º±®½»³»²¬ ¿²¼ ½¿®®§·²¹ ±«¬ ½¿°·¬¿´ ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ·³°¿½¬ »ª¿´«¿¬·±² · ½®·¬·½¿´ ¬± «¬¿·²·²¹ ¬¸» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Funding must be made available to complete identified studies and capital projects. Thesuccess of the Walnut Station Center is important ¿ ¿ °·´±¬ ¿²¼ ¿ ³±¼»´ º±® º«¬«®» ³·¨»¼ «» ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ »ºº±®¬ò ×¬ ²»»¼ ¬± ¾» ¼±²» ®·¹¸¬ ± ¬¸¿¬ ·³·´¿® °´¿²²·²¹ »ºº±®¬ ©·´´ ¾» ®»½»·ª»¼ ©»´´ ¿²¼ «°°±®¬»¼ »´»©¸»®» ·² ¬¸» Ý·¬§ò òÇÎ× ï×ÏÍÊÛÎØÇÏ ÷ÇÕ×Î×ùÓÈÃùÍÇÎÙÓÐ÷ÇÕ×Î×íê èÍ ûÊÈÔÇÊöÛÊÐ×ÃöÛÓÊÏÍÇÎÈúÐÆØ÷ÇÕ×Î×íê öÊÍÏ åÛÐÎÇÈéÈÛÈÓÍÎéÌ×ÙÓÖÓÙûÊ×ÛìÐÛÎåééûì éÇÚÒ×ÙÈ èÔÓÉÏ×ÏÍÊÛÎØÇÏÙÍÎÉÈÓÈÇÈ×ÉÏÃÌÇÚÐÓÙÈ×ÉÈÓÏÍÎÃÊ×ÕÛÊØÓÎÕÈÔ×åÛÐÎÇÈéÈÛÈÓÍÎéÌ×ÙÓÖÓÙ ûÊ×ÛìÐÛÎåééûìóÐÓÆ×ÅÓÈÔÓÎÉ×Æ×ÊÛÐÚÐÍÙÑÉÍÖÈÔ×ÛÊ×ÛÓÎËÇ×ÉÈÓÍÎÛÎØÅÛÐÑÈÍÈÔ×ÏÛÊÑ×È ÌÔÛÊÏÛÙÃÛÎØÍÈÔ×ÊÚÇÉÓÎ×ÉÉÈÔÛÈÛÊ×ÙÇÊÊ×ÎÈÐÃÐÍÙÛÈ×ØÈÔ×Ê× óÖÓÊÉÈÅÛÎÈÈÍÙÍÎÆ×ÃÏÃÍÆ×ÊÛÐÐÌÍÉÓÈÓÆ××ÆÛÐÇÛÈÓÍÎÍÖÈÔ×ÌÐÛÎÛÎØÓÈÉÙÍÎÙ×ÌÈÉèÔ× ÌÇÚÐÓÙÌÊÍÙ×ÉÉÔÛÉÕÓÆ×ÎÛÏÌÐ×ÍÌÌÍÊÈÇÎÓÈÃÖÍÊÈÔ×Î×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÛÎØÚÊÍÛØ×ÊÙÍÏÏÇÎÓÈÃÈÍ ÙÍÎÈÊÓÚÇÈ×ÈÍÛÎØÙÍÏÏ×ÎÈÍÎÈÔ×ÌÐÛÎèÔ×ÇÉ×ÍÖÖÍÊÏÚÛÉ×ØÙÍØ×ÉÈÛÎØÛÊØÉÓÎÈÔ×ÌÊÍÌÍÉ×Ø ÌÐÛÎÓÉÈÍÚ×ÛÌÌÐÛÇØ×ØÛÉÛÎÛÌÌÊÍÌÊÓÛÈ×Ï×ÛÎÉÖÍÊÉÌ×ÙÓÖÃÓÎÕØ×ÉÓÊ×ØÌÔÃÉÓÙÛÐÌÊÍÌ×ÊÈÓ×ÉÍÖ ÛÐÐÍÅÛÚÐ×Ø×Æ×ÐÍÌÏ×ÎÈÅÓÈÔÍÇÈÍÆ×ÊÐÃÙÍÎÉÈÊÛÓÎÓÎÕÈÔ×ÏÓÄÍÖÇÉ×ÉèÔ×ÉÙÛÐ×ÍÖÌÊÍÌÍÉ×Ø ÚÇÓÐØÓÎÕÖÍÊÏÉÌÇÉÔ×ÉÚ×ÃÍÎØÈÔ×ÙÍÎÉ×ÊÆÛÈÓÆ×ÐÓÏÓÈÉÈÔÛÈÛÊ×ÏÍÊ×ÇÉÇÛÐÖÍÊ÷ÇÕ×Î×ÛÎØÓÉ ×ÄÙÓÈÓÎÕÈÍÈÔ×Î×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØ åÔÓÐ×óÔÛÆ×ÙÍÎÙ×ÊÎÉÛÉÈÍÈÔ×Ö×ÛÉÓÚÓÐÓÈÃÛÎØÅÍÊÑÛÚÓÐÓÈÃÍÖÈÔ×Î×ÅØ×ÉÓÕÎÖÍÊöÊÛÎÑÐÓÎ úÐÆØÛÎØÙÍÎÙ×ÊÎÉÛÉÈÍÅÔ×ÈÔ×ÊÈÔ××ÎÆÓÉÓÍÎ×ØØ×Æ×ÐÍÌÏ×ÎÈÅÓÐÐÛÙÈÇÛÐÐÃÍÙÙÇÊÛÈÛÐÐÓÎÈÔ× Î×ÛÊÖÇÈÇÊ×ÈÔ×ÍÎ×ÖÛÇÐÈóÖÓÎØÅÓÈÔÈÔ×ÌÐÛÎÓÈÉ×ÐÖÓÉÈÔ×ÐÛÙÑÍÖÓÎÙÐÇÉÓÍÎÍÖÛÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÌÛÊÑ ÓÎÈÔ×ÛÊ×ÛÎÍÊÈÔÍÖöÊÛÎÑÐÓÎúÐÆØèÔ×åééûìÊ×Ö×ÊÉÈÍÌÍÉÉÓÚÐ×ÙÊ×ÛÈÓÍÎÍÖÇÌÈÍ ÐÓÆÓÎÕ ÇÎÓÈÉÓÎÈÔ×ÌÐÛÎÛÊ×ÛÏÍÉÈÍÖÈÔ×É×ÐÓÑ×ÐÃÎÍÊÈÔÍÖöÊÛÎÑÐÓÎèÔ×Ê×ÅÛÉÉ×ÊÓÍÇÉÙÍÎÉÓØ×ÊÛÈÓÍÎÍÖ ÛÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÌÛÊÑÖÍÊÈÔ×ÌÐÛÎÛÊ×ÛØÇÊÓÎÕÈÔ×ÌÇÚÐÓÙÌÊÍÙ×ÉÉÈÔ×ÌÐÛÎÎÍÈÓÎÕ èÔ×Ê×ÅÛÉÕÊ×ÛÈÓÎÈ×Ê×ÉÈÓÎÙÊ×ÛÈÓÎÕÛÉÓÈ×ÖÍÊÛÎ×ÅÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÌÛÊÑÖÍÊÈÔ×ÛÊ×Ûv é×ÛÊÙÔÖÍÊÛÉÓÈ×ÈÔÛÈÐÛÎØÍÅÎ×ÊÉÖÍÇÎØÛÙÙ×ÌÈÛÚÐ×ÖÍÊÛÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÌÛÊÑÛÌÌÛÊ×ÎÈÐÃ ÖÛÓÐ×ØöÛÓÐÇÊ×ÍÖÙÇÊÊ×ÎÈÐÛÎØÍÅÎ×ÊÉÈÍÛÕÊ××ÍÎÛÌÛÊÑÉÓÈ×ÓÉÎÍÈÉÇÖÖÓÙÓ×ÎÈÊ×ÛÉÍÎÈÍÛÚÛÎØÍÎ ÈÔ×ÙÍÎÙ×ÌÈÛÉÛÎ×Ù×ÉÉÛÊÃÌÛÊÈÍÖÈÔÓÉØ×Æ×ÐÍÌÏ×ÎÈÌÐÛÎóÎÈÔ××ÎØÛÅ×ÛÑÉÈÛÈ×Ï×ÎÈÊ×ÕÛÊØÓÎÕ ÌÛÊÑÓÎÙÐÇÉÓÍÎÅÛÉÓÎÙÐÇØ×ØÓÎÈÔ×ÌÐÛÎÊ×ÖÐ×ÙÈÓÎÕÈÔ×ÖÛÙÈÈÔÛÈÈÔ×ÙÓÈÃtÉÌÛÊÑÉÛÎØÍÌ×ÎÉÌÛÙ× ÌÐÛÎÉÙÇÊÊ×ÎÈÐÃØ×È×ÊÏÓÎ×Î××ØÉÖÍÊÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÌÛÊÑÉÚÛÉ×ØÍÎØÓÉÈÛÎÙ×ÖÊÍÏÉÇÙÔÛÌÛÊÑ wóÎÌÊÓÍÊÓÈÓÂÓÎÕÈÔ×Î××ØÖÍÊÖÇÈÇÊ×ÌÛÊÑÐÛÎØÅÓÈÔÓÎÈÔ×åÛÐÎÇÈéÈÛÈÓÍÎïÓÄ×ØçÉ×ù×ÎÈ×Ê ÈÔ×ùÓÈÃÉÔÍÇÐØÙÍÎÉÓØ×ÊÈÔ×Ê×ÐÛÈÓÆ×Ø×ÎÉÓÈÃÍÖÊ×ÉÓØ×ÎÈÓÛÐØ×Æ×ÐÍÌÏ×ÎÈÓÎÛØØÓÈÓÍÎÈÍÅÛÐÑÓÎÕ ØÓÉÈÛÎÙ×ÈÍÌÛÊÑÉÛÉÛÖÛÙÈÍÊv èÔÓÉÓÉÛÉÈÛÈ×Ï×ÎÈÈÔÛÈÎ××ØÉÈÍÚ×ÚÊÍÛØ×Î×ØÈÍÛÌÌÐÃÈÍÛÐÐÏÓÄ×ØÇÉ×Ù×ÎÈ×ÊÌÐÛÎÉÛÉ ÌÛÊÈÍÖÈÔ×÷ÎÆÓÉÓÍÎ÷ÇÕ×Î×ÍÇÈÙÍÏ×ÉõÓÆ×ÎÈÔ×ÖÛÙÈÈÔÛÈÈÔ×Ê×ÓÉÍÖÈ×ÎÐ×ÉÉÈÔÛÎ ÐÓÆÓÎÕ ÇÎÓÈÉÅÓÈÔÓÎÈÔ×ÌÊ×ÉÙÊÓÚ×ØÍÎ×ÔÛÐÖÏÓÐ×ØÓÉÈÛÎÙ×ÍÖÉ×ÊÆÓÙ×ÖÊÍÏÛÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÌÛÊÑÛÎÃ ÏÓÄ×ØÇÉ×Ù×ÎÈ×Ê×ÎÆÓÉÓÍÎÓÎÕÍÆ×Ê ÐÓÆÓÎÕÇÎÓÈÉÏÇÉÈÓÎÙÐÇØ×ÛÎÇÊÚÛÎÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÌÛÊÑ ÅÔÓÙÔÈÃÌ×ÍÖÌÛÊÑÎ××ØÉÈÍÚ×Ø×ÖÓÎ×ØéÇÙÔÛÌÛÊÑÙÛÎÚ×ÉÏÛÐÐ×ÊÈÔÛÎÅÔÛÈÅ×ÙÇÊÊ×ÎÈÐÃÈÔÓÎÑ ÍÖÛÉÛÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÌÛÊÑÚÇÈÉÔÍÇÐØÓÎÙÐÇØ×ÌÐÛÃÉÈÊÇÙÈÇÊ×ÉÛÎØÚ×ÎÙÔ×ÉÛÚÓÈÍÖÕÊÛÉÉÛÎØ ÌÛÆ×Ï×ÎÈå×ÅÓÐÐÎÍÈÚ×ÛÚÐ×ÈÍÊ×ÛÐÓÂ×ÛÐÓÆÛÚÐ×Ø×ÎÉ×ÊÙÍÏÏÇÎÓÈÃÅÓÈÔÍÇÈÉÏÛÐÐÌÛÊÑÉÛÉÌÛÊÈ ÍÖÈÔ×Î×ÅÇÊÚÛÎÙ×ÎÈ×ÊÉÅ×ÌÐÛÎÈÍÙÊ×ÛÈ× óÇÊÕ×ÈÔ×ùÓÈÃùÍÇÎÙÓÐÈÍÓÏÌÊÍÆ×ÈÔ×åééûìÚÃÊ×ËÇÓÊÓÎÕÛÎÇÊÚÛÎÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÔÍÍØÌÛÊÑ ÈÍÚ×ÐÍÙÛÈ×ØÛÈÛÉÓÈ×ÈÍÚ×Ø×È×ÊÏÓÎ×ØÎÍÊÈÔÍÖöÊÛÎÑÐÓÎúÐÆØÅÔÓÙÔÊ×ÕÛÊØÐ×ÉÉÍÖÊ×Ø×ÉÓÕÎÅÓÐÐ ÓÉÍÐÛÈ×ÈÔÓÉÛÊ×ÛÛÈÐ×ÛÉÈÖÍÊÑÓØÉöÛÓÊÏÍÇÎÈìÛÊÑÅÔÓÙÔÔÛÉÚ××ÎÓÏÌÊÍÆ×ØÊ×Ù×ÎÈÐÃÅÓÈÔÉÌÊÛÃ ÖÛÙÓÐÓÈÓ×ÉÐÛÎØÉÙÛÌÓÎÕÛÎØÚ×ÎÙÔ×ÉØÇ×ÈÍÕ×Î×ÊÍÇÉÕÓÖÈÉÛÎØÈÔ×ÐÛÚÍÊÍÖÙÇÊÊ×ÎÈÎ×ÓÕÔÚÍÊÉÓÉ ÛÐÊ×ÛØÃÅ×ÐÐÇÉ×ØÛÎØÙÛÎÎÍÈÛÙÙÍÏÏÍØÛÈ×ÈÔ×ÓÎÙÊ×ÛÉ×ØÇÉ×ÐÓÑ×ÐÃÖÊÍÏÎ×ÅØ×Æ×ÐÍÌÏ×ÎÈ èÔÛÎÑÃÍÇÖÍÊÈÔÓÉÍÌÌÍÊÈÇÎÓÈÃÈÍÙÍÏÏ×ÎÈÍÎÈÔÓÉ×ÄÙÓÈÓÎÕÆÓÉÓÍÎÖÍÊÛÑ×ÃÌÛÊÈÍÖÅÔÛÈ ÙÛÎÚ×ÙÍÏ×ÛÉÇÉÈÛÓÎÛÚÐ×ÙÍÏÏÇÎÓÈÃÓÎÈÔ×ÖÇÈÇÊ× Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. ORDINANCE NO. ________ AN ORDINANCE CONCERNING THE WALNUT STATION MIXED USE CENTER; AMENDING THE EUGENE-SPRINGFIELD METROPOLITAN AREA GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DIAGRAM; ADOPTING THE WALNUT STATION REFINEMENT PLAN; AMENDING THE FAIRMOUNT/UNIVERSITY OF OREGON SPECIAL AREA STUDY; AMENDING THE RIVERFRONT PARK STUDY; REZONING PROPERTY; AMENDING SECTIONS 9.1030, 9.2682, 9.5750, 9.6750, 9.7007, 9.7055, 9.7205, 9.7230, 9.8010, 9.8030, 9.8680, 9.8865 AND 9.9570 OF THE EUGENE CODE, 1971; RENUMBERING SECTIONS 9.8110 AND 9.8113 OF THAT CODE TO SECTIONS 9.8007 AND 9.8009 RESPECTIVELY; ADDING SECTIONS 9.3950, 9.3955, 9.3960, 9.3965, 9.3970, 9.3975, 9.3980, 9.8110, 9.8111, 9.8112, 9.8113, 9.8114 AND 9.9655 TO THAT CODE; ADOPTING SPECIAL SETBACKS FOR A SEGMENT OF FRANKLIN BOULEVARD; ADOPTING A SEVERABILITY CLAUSE; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. THE CITY OF EUGENE DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: Section 1. The Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Area General Plan (Metro Plan) Land Use Diagram is amended to remove the current Metro Plan designations from the properties identified on Exhibit A attached hereto and to replace those designations with the Commercial designation, as reflected on Exhibit A attached to this Ordinance. The Metro Plan diagram is further amended to add both the Nodal Development Overlay designation and the Mixed Uses Overlay designation to those properties as shown on Exhibit B on Metro Plan Diagram Amendmentattached to this Ordinance. Section 2 . The Walnut Station Specific Area Plan, a copy of which is attached to this Ordinance as Exhibit C, is adopted as a refinement of the Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Area General Plan. Section 3. The Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study, as amended by Ordinance No. 20312, is further amended as follows: Ordinance - Page 1 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. (a) The Walnut Station Specific Area Plan adopted in 2010 incorporated some areas that were originally included in the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundaries. With that 2010 adoption, the City Council removed the Walnut Station area from the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundaries. The Walnut Station area removed from the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundaries is that area located on the south side of th East 15 Avenue north to Franklin Boulevard and on the west side of Villard th Street east to the terminus of East 15 Avenue and the eastern boundary of the property owned by ODOT (Map 17-03-33-31, Tax Lot 1500). In adopting the refinement plan and special area zone for the Walnut Station area, the City Council removed from this Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study those policies that were specific to the Walnut Station area. Where those policies still had importance to the Walnut Station area, they were incorporated into the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan and/or implemented through the Eugene Code provisions applicable within the Walnut Station Special Area Zone. The background information and findings contained in the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study that pertain to the Walnut Station area provide important context and history of the planning process for the neighborhood and, although the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study area no longer includes the Walnut Station area, some references to the entire original study area remain in this Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study. (b) sub In May 2005, the City of Eugene, in cooperation with the University of Oregon and the State of Oregon, initiated a planning process for an area along Franklin ich included the area between Franklin th Boulevard and East 15 Avenue that had been studied as part of the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study. The first phase of the Walnut Station project focused on developing a common vision for that study area. The second phase of the Walnut Station project began in October 2006 and focused on development of a mixed use development plan (also known as a specific area plan). The Walnut Station Specific Area Plan was adopted in 2010 and included strategies for the area based on the foundation laid out in the visioning process which included: Redesign of Franklin Boulevard to support the pedestrian and transit- friendly mixed use development concept; Improvements to the pedestrian and bicycle circulation systems; Redesign of side streets to improve operations, parking capacity and appearance of the other streets within the study area; Identification of appropriate development patterns and intensities of development within the area. Ordinance - Page 2 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. With the adoption of the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan, the City Council removed from the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study most of the th area north of East 15 Avenue. The Land Use Diagram (Map 6) reflects the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundaries after the removal In moving these properties from the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study to the Walnut Station Specific Plan and Special Area Zone, careful consideration was given to the Metro Plan Diagram as refined by the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study and to the zoning conditions th at that time. As East 15 Avenue acts as a transition from primarily commercial th zoning and uses, special emphasis was placed on East 15 Avenue as a transition edge. Development standards adopted for the Walnut Station Special Area Zone th include a height step-down to three stories along East 15 Avenue, and an and design standards were included to provide a residential scale. Policies relevant to these properties were also included in the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan. (c) In 2010, a portion of the area originally included in the Fairmount/University of th Oregon Special Area Study between Franklin Boulevard and East 15 Avenue (the Walnut Station area) was removed from the boundaries of the Study because that area was included in a new refinement plan and special area zone. (d) tion of Section is amended to provide: 2. and Land Use Diagram) [and 3) the Department o Use Diagram)], non-residential zoning shall not be expanded in the study area. (e) amended to provide: 3. With the exception of [1) that portion of the ODOT lands designated for residential use, and 2)] commercial intensity are not supported by this plan. [This policy allows the opportunity for future residential development on the ODOT lands (approximate density for residential development on the ODOT lands will be addressed by selection of one of the alternative policy statements found in the Oregon Department of Transportation Section - Section D).] (f) Ordinance - Page 3 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. 1. Land Use Diagram); and Land Use Diagram) [ Use Diagram)], non-residential zoning shall not be expanded in the study area. (g) 2. With the exception of [1) that portion of the ODOT lands designated for residential use, and 2)] commercial intensity are not supported by this plan. [This policy allows the opportunity for future residential development on the ODOT lands (approximate density for residential development on the ODOT lands will be addressed by selection of one of the alternative policy statements found in the Oregon Department of Transportation Section - Section D).] (h) under that subsection are deleted. [Policies 1. Diagram), non-residential zoning shall not be expanded in the study area. 2. Businesses shall be encouraged to landscape their sites. Where feasible, such encouragement shall include development of mechanisms to fund such landscaping.] th (i) 1. and 2) the Limited High Density Residential/ Limited Instituti Land Use Diagram) [ Use Diagram)], non-residential zoning shall not be expanded in the study area. (j) deleted. [Policies 1. Future use of the ODOT lands shall be for residential, park and office as defined in the following policy statements. Ordinance - Page 4 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. a. Future use of the ODOT lands shall be primarily residential. This use shall be for low to medium-density residential development. b. Future development of the ODOT lands shall preserve and enhance the entrance to the City, and special attention shall be given to developing a portion as a gateway park. c. Under future development, office use on the ODOT lands shall be limited to the site of the present Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) building on the northwest corner of Tax Lot 1000 -03-33- Land Use Diagram). 2. Upon conversion of the ODOT lands from public to private ownership and the ensuing development of the lands shall be compatible with the single-family th development along East 15 Avenue, the commercial uses along Franklin Boulevard and Walnut Avenue, and the existing bike route. (k) Low- or Medium-Density Residential headings follows: [Low- or Medium-Density Residential (L/M) This area is currently owned by the Oregon State Department of Transportation (ODOT). maintenance facility for the Highway Division. The State has expressed interest in relocating these functions. The diagram indicates the area should be for low- or medium-density residential uses should the State decide to relocate in the future. Development in the area should preserve a parklike border along Franklin Boulevard to Professional/Office (S) This site is currently owned by the State Department of Transportation and contains the East Eugene drive test center for the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Should the DMV leave this site, it is appropriate for office or professional uses to locate there. Access will continue to be taken from Walnut Street.] Commercial (C) There are two commercial areas within the special study area: [serving the th neighborhood: major commercial facilities north of 15 Avenue, primarily facing Franklin th Boulevard;] a commercial area west of Villard at East 13 Avenue that is developed th with an arena and a Community Commercial node at 19 Avenue and Agate Street. No further expansion of commercial zoning shall occur in either area. [Both areas shall remain in commercial uses with no further expansion of commercial zoning in either th area. In order to protect existing residential uses on the south side of 15 Avenue, site th review procedures will be attached to properties facing 15 Avenue east of the alley between Moss Street and Villard Street eastward to the ODOT lands.] Ordinance - Page 5 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. (l) and the remaining policies are renumbered accordingly. [1. The Department of Motor Vehicles site shall continue to gain access from Walnut Avenue and not from Franklin Boulevard. 2. Primary vehicular access to the Oregon Department of Transportation Lands should minimize impact on nearby residences and Fairmount Park.] (m) Policy Nos. 1 and No. 2 under the are deleted and the remaining policies are renumbered accordingly. [1. When the Department of Transportation lands are developed in the future, th consideration shall be given to realigning the 15 Avenue bicycle path in the vicinity of those lands and making it more attractive. Note: If the bicycle path is realigned, the City shall require an easement for the path to ensure its permanence in the future. 2. The University and City shall work with the State Department of Transportation and University community neighborhoods to address the issue of improved bicycle and pedestrian connections across Franklin Boulevard.] (n) hose Maps as shown on Exhibits D-1, D-2 and D-3, attached to this Ordinance. (o) from the Table of Contents. Section 4. The Riverfront Park Study is amended as follows: (a) provide: The City of Eugene shall apply the Special Development District to property under University ownershipexcept for property included in the boundaries of the Walnut . Station Specific Area Plan boundaries (b) provide: The City of Eugene shall consider Special District zoning for other properties within the Riverfront Park Study area only at the request of affected property owners except for . property included in the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan boundaries Ordinance - Page 6 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. Section 5. The Eugene Zoning Map is amended to remove the current zones from the properties identified on Exhibit A attached hereto and to replace those zones with the S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone, as reflected on Exhibit A attached to this Ordinance. Section 6. The Eugene Overlay Zone Map is amended to remove the /SR Overlay Zone from tax lot 17-03-33-32-04900 as reflected on Exhibit A. All other currently applicable overlay zones shall remain in place, as reflected on Exhibit A. Section 7. Section 9.1030 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding the following entry in alphabetical order to the Table 9.1030 Special Area Zone listing: 9.1030 Establishment and List of Zones. The zones listed in Table 9.1030 Zones are established as follows: Table 9.1030 Zones Broad Zone Category Zone Special S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone Section 8 . The Caption and Sections 9.3950, 9.3955, 9.3960, 9.3965, 9.3970, 9.3975 and 9.3980 are added to the Eugene Code, 1971, as set forth on Exhibit E -WS Walnut to this Ordinance. Section 9. Subsections (4), (5), (6)(c)2., (7)(b) and (7)(d) of Section 9.5750 of the Eugene Code, 1971, are amended to provide: 9.5750 Telecommunication Devices-Siting Requirements and Procedures. (4) Collocation of Antennas on Existing Buildings, Light or Utility Poles, and Water Towers. In addition to collocation on a transmission tower, an antenna may be collocated on existing buildings, light or utility poles, and water towers. (a) Permitted Use. Such collocation on a building, light or utility pole, or water tower, shall be considered an outright permitted use provided that the antennas and ancillary facilities comply with the standards contained in EC 9.5750 Telecommunications Devices-Siting Requirements and Procedures, the color of the antennas blends in with the existing structure and surroundings, and one of the following is met: 1. The property is zoned PL, C-2, C-3, C-4, R-4, I-1, I-2, [or] I-3, or Ordinance - Page 7 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. S-WS and the antennas do not exceed the height limitation of the zone; or 2. The property is zoned AG, R-1, R-2, R-3, C-1, GO, S (except as provided in 1., above), H,or PRO,and the antennas extend no more than 18feet above, and projectno more than 2 feet horizontallyaway from the existing structure. (b) Site Review. Such collocation on a building, light or utility pole, or water tower shall be subject to site review approval provided that the antennas and ancillary facilities comply with the standards contained in EC 9.5750 Telecommunications Devices-Siting Requirements and Procedures, the color of the antennas blend in with the existing structure and surroundings, and: 1. The property is zoned AG, R-1, R-2, R-3, C-1, GO, S (other than S-WS), H, or PRO, and the antennas extend more than 18 feet above, or projectmore than 2 feet horizontallyaway from the existing structure. (c) Conditional Use Permit. In all cases other than those listed in subparagraphs (a) and (b), such collocation shall require a conditional use permit. No exceptions to the standards contained in EC 9.5750 Telecommunications Devices-Siting Requirements and Procedures shall be permitted except as authorized by subsection (9) of this section. In no event shall a conditional use permit authorize a tower or antennas to exceed the height limitation for a zone as established by Chapter 9 except as provided for in this section. (5) Construction of Transmission Tower. Construction of a transmission tower, or a modification of an existing transmission tower to increase its height, shall be allowed as follows: (a) Permitted Use. 1. Such construction or modification shall be considered an outright , permitted use in the C-4, I-1I-2 and I-3 zone. 2. Modification to increase the height of an existing transmission tower shall be considered an outright permitted use in all other zones if the city approved an increase in tower height, as part of a prior land use process authorizing the transmission tower. The increase in height allowed under this paragraph shall be limited to the specific height authorized in the prior land use process. (b) Site Review. Such construction shall require site review approval in the PL, C-2, [and]C-3, and S-WS zones. (c) Conditional Use Permit. Such construction shall require a conditional ( use permit in theR-1, C-1, S other than S-WS)and GO zones. (d) Prohibited Zones and Locations. No new transmission tower shall be permitted in any zones not included in subparagraphs (a) to (c) above, including the AG, R-2, R-3, R-4, H, NR, and PRO zones; or in the Willamette Greenway, on Gillespie Butte above the elevation of 450 feet, on the ridgeline as defined in the South Hills Study or on Judkins Point. (6) Application Requirements. (c) Site Review and Conditional Use Permit Applications. In addition to the application requirements specified in paragraph (b) above, applications Ordinance - Page 8 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. for site review or conditional use permits also shall include the following information: 2. Documentation that alternative sites within a radius of at least 2000 feet have been considered and have been determined to be technologically unfeasible or unavailable. For site reviews, alternative sites zoned C-4, I-1, I-2, and I-3 must be considered. For conditional use permits, alternative sites zoned PL, C-2, [and] C-3, C-4, I-1, I-2, [and] I-3 and S-WS must be considered. (7) Standards for Transmission Towers and Antennas. Installation, construction or modification of all transmission towers and antennas shall comply with the following standards, unless a varianceis obtained pursuant to the provisions of subsection (9) of this section: (b) Height Limitation: Transmission tower heights shall be governed by this section except as provided for below. No transmission tower shall exceed the maximum heights provided below. In no case shall a variance be granted from the limitations of subparagraphs (1) through (4) below. 1. In any zones, no transmission tower shall exceed the height limitations established for buildings and structures in the specified areas surrounding Skinner Butte contained in EC 9.6715 Height Limitation Areas of this land use code to protect views to and from Skinner Butte. 2. In any zone within the area east of Willagillespie Road, south of Cal Young Road, west of Oakway Road, and north of Southwood Lane and Country Club Road, no transmission tower shall exceed 75 feet in height to protect views to and from Gillespie Butte. 3. If located within a PL, C-2, C-3, C-4, R-4,I-1, I-2, [or] I-3 or S-WS zone, the height limitationfor that zone shall apply. 4. If located within a C-1, S (other than S-WS)or GO zone, the maximum height of a transmission tower, including antennas, is 100 feet. 5. If located within an R-1 zone, the maximum height of a transmission tower, including antennas, is 75 feet, unless a variance is granted pursuant to the provisions of subsection (9) of this section. In no event shall a variance be granted to construct such a tower in excess of 100 feet. (d) Setback. The following setbacks from adjacent property lines and adjacent streets shall be required unless a variance is granted pursuant to the provisions of subsection (9) of this section: 1. If located within a PL,S, C-2, C-3, C-4, I-1, I-2, [or] I-3 or S-WS zone, no setback from adjacent property lines shall be required beyond that required by this land use code or the provisions applicable to the S zone. 2. If located within an R-1, C-1, or GO zone, the transmission tower shall be set back from adjacent property lines a minimum number of feet that is equal to the height of the transmission tower. 3. In the R-1, PL, C-1 and GO zones, transmission towers shall be set back from adjacent public street(s) a minimum number of feet that is equal to the height of the tower. In all other zones, the Ordinance - Page 9 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. setback from adjacent public streets shall be a minimum of 25 feet. Section 10. Subsection (2) of Section 9.6750 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding a new subsection (d) to provide: 9.6750 Special Setback Standards. (2) Special Setback for Streets. (d) Notwithstanding subsections (a)-(c), above, special setbacks for the segment of Franklin Boulevard shown on Map 9.3970(3)(d) (S- WS Walnut Special Area Zone Franklin Boulevard Special Setback Boundaries) are those lines established by Exhibit G to Ordinance No. _________. (See EC 9.3970(3)(d).) Section 11. Subsection (1) of Section 9.7007 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended to provide: 9.7007 Neighborhood/Applicant Meetings. (1) This section applies to the following types of land use applications: (a) Type II: 3-lot partitions, tentative subdivisions, [and] tentative cluster subdivisions and design reviews; (b) Type III: Only conditional use permits and tentative planned unit developments; (c) Type IV applications that are not city-initiated; (d) Metro Plan amendments that are not city-initiated. Section 12. Section 9.7055 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding the following entries in alphabetical order to Table 9.7055 to provide: 9.7055 Applications and Review Authorities. Table 9.7055 Applications and Review Authorities, lists applications and the typical review authorities for the decision and the appeal of the decision. To accommodate a request for concurrent review, the city may instead review multiple applications according to the highest applicable type. Table 9.7055 Applications and Review Authorities R = Recommendation, D = Decision Maker, A = Appeal Review Authority Application Type Planning Hearings Historic Planning City Director Official Review Commission Council Board Design Review II D A Design Review, Modification II D A Ordinance - Page 10 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. Section 13. Section 9.7205 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is revised by amending the entry in alphabetical order to Table 9.7205 to provide: 9.7205 Type II Application Requirements and Criteria Reference. The following applications are typically reviewed under the Type II review process according to the requirements and criteria set forth for each application as reflected in the beginning reference column in Table 9.7205. To accommodate a request for concurrent review, the city may instead review multiple applications according to the highest applicable type. Table 9.7205 Type II Application Requirements and Criteria Type II Applications Beginning Reference Conditional Use Permit, Modification EC [9.8110]9.8007 Design Review EC 9.8110 Design Review, Modification EC 9.8114 Section 14. Section 9.7230 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding the following entries in alphabetical order to Table 9.7230 to provide: 9.7230 Expiration. (1) The 18 months, or 36 months from the effective date of approval, depending upon the type of land use application as specified in Table 9.7230 Expiration of Type II Application Approvals, or as provided in subsections (2) through (9) of this section. If an application approval has expired according to any of the conditions stated in subsections (2) through (9), the original application approval is revoked and a new application must be filed. Table 9.7230 Expiration of Type II Application Approvals Application 12 months 18 months 36 months Design Review X Design Review, Modification X Section 15 . Sections 9.8110 and 9.8009 of the Eugene Code, 1971, are renumbered to Sections 9.8007 and 9.8009, respectively, and all references to those sections, including but not limited to the reference in EC 9.2682, are hereby updated to reflect this renumbering. Ordinance - Page 11 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. Section 16. Map 9.8010 amended as shown on Exhibit F attached hereto and Table 9.8010 in Section 9.8010 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended to provide: 9.8010 List of Adopted Plans. The documents listed in the following Table 9.8010, including any adopted amendments, are the currently effective adopted plans that may be applicable to a particular land use application. The plans and adopted policies are more particularly set forth beginning at EC 9.9500, and the boundaries for each are depicted on Map 9.8010 Adopted Plans. Table 9.8010 List of Adopted Plans Bethel-Danebo Refinement Plan (Phase II) Riverfront Park Study Bethel-Danebo Refinement Plan South Hills Study Comprehensive Stormwater Management Plan South Willamette Subarea Study Eugene Commercial Lands Study TransPlan (Metro Area Transportation Plan) Eugene Downtown Plan Walnut Station Specific Area Plan Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Area General West University Refinement Plan Plan (Metro Plan) Fairmount/U of O Special Area Study Westside Neighborhood Plan Jefferson/Far West Refinement Plan Whiteaker Plan Laurel Hill Neighborhood Plan Willakenzie Area Plan 19 th and Agate Special Area Study Willow Creek Special Area Study River Road-Santa Clara Urban Facilities Plan Resolution No. 3862 Adopting the West 11 th Resolution No. 3885 Establishing Areas for the Commercial Land Use Policy and Refining the Application of C-4 Commercial-Industrial District Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Area General Zoning, and Amending Resolution No. 3862 Plan (Adopted June 13, 1984) (Adopted on November 13, 1984) Section 17 . Section 9.8030 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding a new subsection (29) to provide: 9.8030 Adjustment Review - Approval Criteria. The planning director shall approve, conditionally approve, or deny an adjustment review application. Approval or conditional approval shall be based on compliance with the following applicable criteria. (29) S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone Off-Street Parking Spaces Adjustment. An adjustment allowing a 25 percent reduction in the minimum required off-street parking spaces pursuant to EC 9.3970(4)(a), if the applicant demonstrates that a proposed Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Program approved by the city contains strategies for reducing vehicle use and parking demand generated by the development and establi effectiveness will be measured annually. Ordinance - Page 12 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. Section 18. The following heading and Sections 9.8110, 9.8111, 9.8112, 9.8113, 9.8114 of the Eugene Code, 1971, are added to provide: DESIGN REVIEW 9.8110 Design Review- Purpose. The design review process is intended to provide an alternative path for design proposals that respond to the intent of the code and creatively meet or exceed the specific development standards. 9.8111 Design Review - Applicability. EC 9.3980 allows an applicant within the S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone to seek approval through the Design Review process. These applications for review shall be considered under a Type II process, or concurrently with a related Type III application process. No development permit shall be issued by the city prior to completion of the design review. 9.8112 Design Review Application Requirements. In addition to the provisions in EC 9.7010 Application Filing, applications for Design Review shall be subject to the following requirements: (1) Unless waived by the planning director, the application shall be prepared by one or more of the following professionals: (a) Oregon licensed architect. (b) Oregon licensed civil engineer. (c) Oregon licensed landscape architect. (2) The application shall include a site plan that shows sufficient detail and supporting narrative information to demonstrate compliance with applicable criteria. Unless waived by the planning director, the site plan shall be prepared by an Oregon licensed architect, landscape architect, civil engineer or Oregon licensed surveyor. 9.8113 Design Review - Approval Criteria. The decision-maker shall determine whether the application is in compliance with the Design Review criteria set out in the code section that authorizes Design Review. 9.8114 Design Review Modification. Modification of an approved Design Review may be requested following the Type II process. The planning director shall approve the request if it complies with the following criteria: (1) The proposed modification is consistent with the conditions of the original approval. (2) The proposed modification will result in insignificant changes in the physical appearance of the development and the impact on surrounding properties. If the planning director determines that the modification is not consistent with the above criteria, the proposed modification may not occur until a new Design Review application is submitted and reviewed based on the Type II application procedures. Nothing in this section shall preclude the applicant from initially submitting the requested modification as a new Design Review application. Ordinance - Page 13 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. Section 19. Subsection (5) of Section 9.8680 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is added to provide: 9.8680 Approval Criteria. The planning director shall approve, conditionally approve, or deny an application for Traffic Impact Analysis Review following a Type II process, or as part of a Type III process when in conjunction with a CUP or PUD. Approval or conditional approval shall be based on compliance with the following criteria: (5) In addition to the above criteria, if the development is located within the S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone, any increased traffic the development would generate on streets within the Fairmount neighborhood to the south of the Walnut Station Special Area Zone shall be mitigated through the use of traffic calming strategies or other mechanisms designed to discourage such traffic. Section 20. Subsection (4) of Section 9.8865 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding a new subparagraph (o) and relettering the subsequent subparagraphs to provide: 9.8865 Zone Change Approval Criteria. Approval of a zone change application, including the designation of an overlay zone, shall not be approved unless it meets all of the following criteria: (4) The proposed zone change is consistent with the applicable siting requirements set out for the specific zone in: (o) EC 9.3955 S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone Siting Requirements. (op) EC 9.4205 /EC East Campus Overlay Zone Siting Requirements. (pq) EC 9.4715 /WP Waterside Protection Overlay Zone Siting Requirements. (qr) EC 9.4776 /WQ Water Quality Overlay Zone Siting Requirements (only for the purposes of adding the overlay zone. See EC 9.4786.). (rs) EC 9.4915 /WR Water Resources Conservation Overlay Zone Siting Requirements (only for the purposes of adding the overlay zone. See EC 9.4960.). (st) EC 9.4815 /WB Wetland Buffer Overlay Zone Siting Requirements. (tu) An uncodified ordinance establishing a site specific S-H Historic Special ng and development department. Section 21. Subsection (2) of Section 9.9570 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is deleted and the remaining subsections are renumbered accordingly, and subsections (4) and (6) of EC 9.9570 are amended to provide: 9.9570 Fairmount/U of O Special Area Study Policies. [(2)Oregon Department of Transportation Lands Policies. Future use of the ODOT lands shall be for residential, park, and office as defined in the Ordinance - Page 14 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. following policy statements: (a) Future use of the ODOT lands shall be primarily residential. This use shall be for low- to medium-density residential development. (b) Future development of the ODOT lands shall preserve and enhance the special attention shall be given to developing a portion as a gateway park. (c) Under future development, office use on the ODOT lands shall be limited to the site of the present Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) building on the northwest corner of Tax Lot 1000--- 03-33- (d) Upon conversion of the ODOT lands from public to private ownership and the ensuing development of the lands shall be compatible with the th single-family development along East 15 Avenue, the commercial uses along Franklin Boulevard and Walnut Avenue, and the existing bike route. (Policy 2)] (4) Traffic Circulation Policies. []3 [(a) The Department of Motor Vehicles site shall continue to gain access from Walnut Avenue and not from Franklin Boulevard. (Policy 1)] (ba) The adverse effects of motor vehicle movement shall be mitigated as much as possible. (Policy 2) [(c) Primary vehicular access to the Oregon Department of Transportation Land should minimize impact on nearby residences and Fairmount Park. (Policy 3)] (db) Traffic management techniques shall continue to be used and new techniques developed to reinforce the idea of a hierarchy of streets in the plan area. Some streets shall combine their local, collector, or arterial function with a role as primary pedestrian or bicycle ways. The use of low-volume, local neighborhood streets for through movements by truck and heavy construction equipment shall be discouraged. (Policy 4) (ec) By March, 2005, the City shall initiate a study of Agate Street between th Franklin Boulevard and 19 Avenue. That study, conducted jointly with the University and the Fairmount Neighborhood Association, shall identify strategies to improve the function and carrying capacity of Agate according to the City criteria for its designated street classification. The City will implement the necessary changes. The University will participate in those improvements as development occurs and as required by the City code, to the extent that the University is directly responsible for the needed improvements. (Policy 6) (fd) The City, with the cooperation of the University and the Fairmount Neighborhood Association, shall initiate an area-wide traffic calming study for the streets within the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundary to determine appropriate mitigation for through- traffic utilizing neighborhood streets. Such study shall be initiated prior to December, 2008, subject to availability of funds. In the event that the City updates the Central Area Transportation Study (CATS) prior to 2008, the City shall fund and initiate an area-wide traffic calming study Ordinance - Page 15 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. as part of the CATS update to determine appropriate mitigation measures for the subject area. (Policy 7) (ge) If a Traffic Impact Analysis that is required by the City Code projects that a proposed development will increase traffic on streets within the single-family neighborhood to the east and south of University-owned land, the City shall require the applicant to mitigate those impacts through use of traffic calming strategies or other mechanisms designed to discourage through traffic. (Policy 8) (hf) With the exception of alleys, vacations of streets within the state- approved University East Campus boundary should not be permitted, unless the applicant, at his or her expense, provides to the City a local street connection study that demonstrates how the proposed street system remaining after such vacation meets the intent of the Eugene Code street connectivity provisions and that such vacation will not increase traffic volumes on local residential streets. (Policy 9) (6) Bicycle and Pedestrian Policies. []5 [(a) When the Department of Transportation lands are developed in the th future, consideration shall be given to realigning the 15 Avenue bicycle path in the vicinity of those lands and making it more attractive. (Note: If the bicycle path is realigned, the City shall require an easement for the path to ensure its permanence in the future.) (Policy 1) (b)] Existing and future businesses shall be encouraged to provide safe and covered bicycle parking for employees and patrons. (Policy 3) The use of bicycles, mass transit, walking, carpooling, and other appropriate alternative modes of transportation, especially by employees working in the plan area, shall be actively encouraged and provided for in order to reduce automobile dependence and alleviate traffic and parking problems. (Policy 4) Section 22 . Section 9.9655 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is added to provide: 9.9655 Walnut Station Specific Area Plan. (1) As part of an application to develop the lands formerly owned by the Department of Transportation (south of Franklin Boulevard, east of Walnut Street and north of 15th Avenue), the developer shall demonstrate that consideration was given to realigning the 15th Avenue bicycle path in the vicinity of those lands and making it more attractive. (Note: If the bicycle path is realigned, the City shall require an easement for the path to ensure its permanence in the future.) (2) As part of an application to develop a property south of Franklin Boulevard or a property in the block on the north side of Franklin Boulevard between Moss Street, Villard Street, and Garden Avenue within the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan, applicants are encouraged to include access for pedestrians, bicycles and limited vehicular access consistent with the Transportation Features map shown as Figure 9.3978(3)(b) in the Walnut Station Special Area Zone. Ordinance - Page 16 of 17 Version A: Attachment C -- appeal of design review to be considered by Hearing Official. Section 23 . The legal description set forth at Exhibit H is hereby adopted as the description of the special setback lines that shall be applied to the segment of Franklin Boulevard shown on Map 9.3970(3)(d) S-WS Walnut Special Area Zone Franklin Boulevard Special Setback Boundaries. Section 24. The Legislative Findings set forth in Exhibit I attached to this Ordinance serve as support for this ordinance. Section 25. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or portion of this Ordinance is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, such portion shall be deemed a separate, distinct and independent provision and such holding shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions hereof. Section 26. The City Recorder, at the request of, or with the consent of the City Attorney, is authorized to administratively correct any reference errors contained herein, or in other provisions of the Eugene Code, 1971, to the provisions added, amended or repealed herein. Passed by the City Council this Approved by the Mayor this ___ day of _______________, 2010 ____ day of _______________, 2010 ____________________________ _____________________________ City Recorder Mayor Ordinance - Page 17 of 17 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. ORDINANCE NO. ________ AN ORDINANCE CONCERNING THE WALNUT STATION MIXED USE CENTER; AMENDING THE EUGENE-SPRINGFIELD METROPOLITAN AREA GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DIAGRAM; ADOPTING THE WALNUT STATION REFINEMENT PLAN; AMENDING THE FAIRMOUNT/UNIVERSITY OF OREGON SPECIAL AREA STUDY; AMENDING THE RIVERFRONT PARK STUDY; REZONING PROPERTY; AMENDING SECTIONS 9.1030, 9.2682, 9.5750, 9.6750, 9.7007, 9.7055, 9.7205, 9.7230, 9.7605, 9.8010, 9.8030, 9.8680, 9.8865 AND 9.9570 OF THE EUGENE CODE, 1971; RENUMBERING SECTIONS 9.8110 AND 9.8113 OF THAT CODE TO SECTIONS 9.8007 AND 9.8009 RESPECTIVELY; ADDING SECTIONS 9.3950, 9.3955, 9.3960, 9.3965, 9.3970, 9.3975, 9.3980, 9.8110, 9.8111, 9.8112, 9.8113, 9.8114 AND 9.9655 TO THAT CODE; ADOPTING SPECIAL SETBACKS FOR A SEGMENT OF FRANKLIN BOULEVARD; ADOPTING A SEVERABILITY CLAUSE; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. THE CITY OF EUGENE DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: Section 1.The Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Area General Plan (Metro Plan) Land Use Diagram is amended to remove the current Metro Plan designations from the properties identified on Exhibit A “Walnut Station Metro Plan Designations and Zoning Table” attached hereto and to replace those designations with the Commercial designation, as reflected on Exhibit A attached to this Ordinance. The Metro Plan diagram is further amended to add both the Nodal Development Overlay designation and the Mixed Uses Overlay designation to those properties as shown on Exhibit B “Walnut Station Metro Plan Diagram Amendment” attached to this Ordinance. Section 2. The Walnut Station Specific Area Plan, a copy of which is attached to this Ordinance as Exhibit C, is adopted as a refinement of the Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Area General Plan. Section 3. The Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study, as amended by Ordinance No. 20312, is further amended as follows: Ordinance - Page 1 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. (a) The following paragraph is added to the end of the “Introduction to the Plan Area” subsection of Section I (“Introduction, Overview, and Goals”): The Walnut Station Specific Area Plan adopted in 2010 incorporated some areas that were originally included in the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundaries. With that 2010 adoption, the City Council removed the Walnut Station area from the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundaries. The Walnut Station area removed from the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundaries is that area located on the south side of th East 15 Avenue north to Franklin Boulevard and on the west side of Villard th Street east to the terminus of East 15 Avenue and the eastern boundary of the property owned by ODOT (Map 17-03-33-31, Tax Lot 1500). In adopting the refinement plan and special area zone for the Walnut Station area, the City Council removed from this Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study those policies that were specific to the Walnut Station area. Where those policies still had importance to the Walnut Station area, they were incorporated into the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan and/or implemented through the Eugene Code provisions applicable within the Walnut Station Special Area Zone. The background information and findings contained in the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study that pertain to the Walnut Station area provide important context and history of the planning process for the neighborhood and, although the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study area no longer includes the Walnut Station area, some references to the entire original study area remain in this Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study. (b) The following paragraphs are added to the end of “The Planning Process” subsection of Section I (“Introduction, Overview and Goals”): In May 2005, the City of Eugene, in cooperation with the University of Oregon and the State of Oregon, initiated a planning process for an area along Franklin Boulevard known as "Walnut Station” which included the area between Franklin th Boulevard and East 15 Avenue that had been studied as part of the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study. The first phase of the Walnut Station project focused on developing a common vision for that study area. The second phase of the Walnut Station project began in October 2006 and focused on development of a mixed use development plan (also known as a specific area plan). The Walnut Station Specific Area Plan was adopted in 2010 and included strategies for the area based on the foundation laid out in the visioning process which included: Redesign of Franklin Boulevard to support the pedestrian and transit- friendly mixed use development concept; Improvements to the pedestrian and bicycle circulation systems; Redesign of side streets to improve operations, parking capacity and appearance of the other streets within the study area; Identification of appropriate development patterns and intensities of development within the area. Ordinance - Page 2 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. With the adoption of the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan, the City Council removed from the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study most of the th area north of East 15 Avenue. The Land Use Diagram (Map 6) reflects the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundaries after the removal of Walnut Station area’s Commercial, Office and Low or Medium Residential areas. In moving these properties from the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study to the Walnut Station Specific Plan and Special Area Zone, careful consideration was given to the Metro Plan Diagram as refined by the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study and to the zoning conditions th at that time. As East 15 Avenue acts as a transition from primarily commercial th zoning and uses, special emphasis was placed on East 15 Avenue as a transition edge. Development standards adopted for the Walnut Station Special Area Zone th include a height step-down to three stories along East 15 Avenue, and an increased setback from 0 to 10’ to match residential properties across the street and design standards were included to provide a residential scale. Policies relevant to these properties were also included in the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan. (c) The following sentence is added to the fourth paragraph under the “Introduction” subsection of Section II (“Land Use”): In 2010, a portion of the area originally included in the Fairmount/University of th Oregon Special Area Study between Franklin Boulevard and East 15 Avenue (the Walnut Station area) was removed from the boundaries of the Study because that area was included in a new refinement plan and special area zone. (d) Policy No. 2 under the “General Policies” subsection of Section II (“Land Use”) is amended to provide: 2. With the exception of 1) the “Institutional Area” (“I” on the Land Use Diagram), and 2) the Limited High Density Residential/ Limited Institutional Area (“LHDR/LI” on the Land Use Diagram) [and 3) the Department of Motor Vehicles site (“S” on the Land Use Diagram)], non-residential zoning shall not be expanded in the study area. (e) Policy No. 3 under the “General Policies” subsection of Section II (“Land Use”) is amended to provide: 3. With the exception of [1)that portion of the ODOT lands designated for residential use, and 2)] University lands designated as “Institutional” or “Limited High Density Residential/Limited Institutional”, zone changes to increase residential density or commercial intensity are not supported by this plan. [This policy allows the opportunity for future residential development on the ODOT lands (approximate density for residential development on the ODOT lands will be addressed by selection of one of the alternative policy statements found in the Oregon Department of Transportation Section -Section D).] (f) Policy No. 1 under “The Core Residential Area” subsection of Section II (“Land Use”) is amended to provide: Ordinance - Page 3 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. 1. With the exception of 1) the “Institutional Area” (“I” on the Land Use Diagram); and 2) the Limited High Density Residential/ Limited Institutional Area (“LHDR/LI” on the Land Use Diagram) [and 3) the Department of Motor Vehicles site (“S” on the Land Use Diagram)], non-residential zoning shall not be expanded in the study area. (g) Policy No. 2 under “The Core Residential Area” subsection of Section II (“Land Use”) is amended to provide: 2. With the exception of [1) that portion of the ODOT lands designated for residential use, and 2)] University lands designated as “Institutional” or “Limited High Density Residential/Limited Institutional”, zone changes to increase residential density or commercial intensity are not supported by this plan. [This policy allows the opportunity for futureresidential development on the ODOT lands (approximate density for residential development on the ODOT lands will be addressed by selection of one of the alternative policy statements found in the Oregon Department of Transportation Section -Section D).] (h) Policy Nos. 1 and No. 2 under “The Franklin Boulevard Community Commercial Strip” subsection of Section II (“Land Use”) and the “Policies” heading under that subsection are deleted. [Policies 1.With the exception of 1) the “Institutional Area” (“I” on the Land Use Diagram), 2) the Limited High Density Residential/ Limited Institutional Area (“LHDR/LI” on the Land Use Diagram) and 3) the Department of Motor Vehicles site (“S” on the Land Use Diagram), non-residential zoning shall not be expanded in the study area. 2.Businesses shall be encouraged to landscape their sites. Where feasible, such encouragement shall include development of mechanisms to fund such landscaping.] th (i) Policy No. 1 under “The 19 and Agate Neighborhood Commercial Development” subsection of Section II (“Land Use”) is amended to provide: 1. With the exception of 1) the “Institutional Area” (“I” on the Land Use Diagram), and 2) the Limited High Density Residential/ Limited Institutional Area (“LHDR/LI” on the Land Use Diagram) [and 3) the Department of Motor Vehicles site (“S” on the Land Use Diagram)], non-residential zoning shall not be expanded in the study area. (j) Policy Nos. 1 and No. 2 under “The Oregon Department of Transportation Lands” subsection of Section II (“Land Use”) and the “Policies” heading under that subsection are deleted. [Policies 1.Future use of the ODOT lands shall be for residential, park and office as defined in the following policy statements. Ordinance - Page 4 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. a.Future use of the ODOT lands shall be primarilyresidential. This use shall be for low–to medium-density residential development. b.Future development of the ODOT lands shall preserve and enhance the existing “gateway” effect as an attractive entrance to the City, and special attention shall be given to developing a portion as a gateway park. c.Under future development, office use on the ODOT lands shall be limited to the site of the present Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) building on the northwest corner of Tax Lot 1000 –Assessor’s Map 17-03-33-31 (“S” on the Land Use Diagram). 2.Upon conversion of the ODOT lands from public to private ownership and the ensuing development of the lands shall be compatible with the single-family th development along East 15Avenue, the commercial uses along Franklin Boulevard and Walnut Avenue, and the existing bike route. (k) The “Land Use Diagram Text” subsection of Section II “Land Use” is amended to delete the “Low- or Medium-Density Residential (L/M)” and “Professional /Office (S)” headings and the text under those headings and to revise the text under the “Commercial (C)” heading as follows: [Low-or Medium-Density Residential (L/M) This area is currently owned by the Oregon State Department of Transportation (ODOT). It contains the Eugene Office of the State Police, the District Engineer’s Office, and the maintenance facility for the Highway Division. The State has expressed interest in relocating these functions. The diagram indicates the area should be for low-or medium-density residential uses should the State decide to relocate in the future. Development in the area should preserve a parklike border along Franklin Boulevard to preserve the “gateway entrance” to the city. Site review procedures will be followed in future development to protect nearby residences and ensure a “parklike gateway.” Professional/Office (S) This site is currently owned by the State Department of Transportation and contains the East Eugene drive test center for the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Should the DMV leave this site, it is appropriate for office or professional uses to locate there. Access will continue to be taken from Walnut Street.] Commercial (C) There are two commercial areas within the special study area [serving the : th neighborhood: major commercial facilities north of 15Avenue, primarily facing Franklin th Boulevard;] a commercial area west of Villard at East 13 Avenue that is developed th and a Community Commercial node at 19 Avenue and Agate Street. with an arenaNo [Both areas further expansion of commercial zoning shall occur in either area. shall remain in commercial uses with no further expansion of commercial zoning in either th area. In order to protect existing residential uses on the south side of 15Avenue, site th review procedures will be attached to properties facing 15Avenue east of the alley between Moss Street and Villard Street eastward to the ODOT lands.] Ordinance - Page 5 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. (l) Policy Nos. 1 and No. 3 under the “Traffic Circulation” subsection of Section III (“Transportation and Parking”) are deleted and the remaining policies are renumbered accordingly. [1.The Department of Motor Vehicles site shall continue to gain access from Walnut Avenue and not from Franklin Boulevard. 2.Primary vehicular access to the Oregon Department of Transportation Lands should minimize impact on nearby residences and Fairmount Park.] (m) Policy Nos. 1 and No. 2 under the “Bicycle and Pedestrians” subsection of Section III (“Transportation and Parking”) are deleted and the remaining policies are renumbered accordingly. [1.When the Department of Transportation lands are developed in the future, th consideration shall be givento realigning the 15Avenue bicycle path in the vicinity of those lands and making it more attractive. Note: If the bicycle path is realigned, the City shall require an easement for the path to ensure its permanence in the future. 2.The University and City shall work with the State Department of Transportation and University community neighborhoods to address the issue of improved bicycle and pedestrian connections across Franklin Boulevard.] (n) Map 3 “Land Use Study Areas,” Map 4 “Generalized Existing Land Use” and Map 6 “Land Use Diagram” are revised to remove the Walnut Station area from those Maps as shown on Exhibits D-1, D-2 and D-3, attached to this Ordinance. (o) The “Summary of Policies” section is deleted in its entirety and removed from the Table of Contents. Section 4. The Riverfront Park Study is amended as follows: (a)Policy No. 1 under the “Land Use” subsection of Section II (“Policies”) is amended to provide: The City of Eugene shall apply the Special Development District to property under University ownership except for property included in the boundaries of the Walnut . Station Specific Area Plan boundaries (b) Policy No. 2 under the “Land Use” subsection of Section II (“Policies”) is amended to provide: The City of Eugene shall consider Special District zoning for other properties within the Riverfront Park Study area only at the request of affected property owners except for . property included in the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan boundaries Ordinance - Page 6 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. Section 5.The Eugene Zoning Map is amended to remove the current zones from the properties identified on Exhibit A attached hereto and to replace those zones with the S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone, as reflected on Exhibit A attached to this Ordinance. Section 6. The Eugene Overlay Zone Map is amended to remove the /SR Overlay Zone from tax lot 17-03-33-32-04900 as reflected on Exhibit A. All other currently applicable overlay zones shall remain in place, as reflected on Exhibit A. Section 7.Section 9.1030 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding the following entry in alphabetical order to the Table 9.1030 Special Area Zone listing: 9.1030Establishment and List of Zones. The zones listed in Table 9.1030 Zones are established as follows: Table 9.1030 Zones Broad Zone CategoryZone SpecialS-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone Section 8. The Caption and Sections 9.3950, 9.3955, 9.3960, 9.3965, 9.3970, 9.3975 and 9.3980 are added to the Eugene Code, 1971, as set forth on Exhibit E “S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone,” attached to this Ordinance. Section 9. Subsections (4), (5), (6)(c)2., (7)(b) and (7)(d) of Section 9.5750 of the Eugene Code, 1971, are amended to provide: 9.5750Telecommunication Devices-Siting Requirements and Procedures. (4) Collocation of Antennas on Existing Buildings, Light or Utility Poles, and Water Towers. In addition to collocation on a transmission tower, an antenna may be collocated on existing buildings, light or utility poles, and water towers. (a)Permitted Use. Such collocation on a building, light or utility pole, or water tower, shall be considered an outright permitted use provided that the antennas and ancillary facilities comply with the standards contained in EC 9.5750 Telecommunications Devices-Siting Requirements and Procedures, the color of the antennas blends in with the existing structure and surroundings, and one of the following is met: 1. The property is zoned PL, C-2, C-3, C-4, R-4, I-1, I-2, [or] I-3 , or Ordinance - Page 7 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. and the antennas do not exceed the height limitation of the S-WS zone; or 2. The property is zoned AG, R-1, R-2, R-3, C-1, GO, S (except as , H,or PRO,and the antennas extend no provided in 1., above) more than 18feet above, and projectno more than 2 feet horizontallyaway from the existing structure. (b)Site Review. Such collocation on a building, light or utility pole, or water tower shall be subject to site review approval provided that the antennas and ancillary facilities comply with the standards contained in EC 9.5750 Telecommunications Devices-Siting Requirements and Procedures, the color of the antennas blend in with the existing structure and surroundings, and: 1. The property is zoned AG, R-1, R-2, R-3, C-1, GO, S (other than , H, or PRO, and the antennas extend more than 18 feet S-WS) above, or projectmore than 2 feet horizontallyaway from the existing structure. (c)Conditional Use Permit. In all cases other than those listed in subparagraphs (a) and (b), such collocation shall require a conditional use permit. No exceptions to the standards contained in EC 9.5750 Telecommunications Devices-Siting Requirements and Procedures shall be permitted except as authorized by subsection (9) of this section. In no event shall a conditional use permit authorize a tower or antennas to exceed the height limitation for a zone as established by Chapter 9 except as provided for in this section. (5) Construction of Transmission Tower. Construction of a transmission tower, or a modification of an existing transmission tower to increase its height, shall be allowed as follows: (a)Permitted Use. 1. Such construction or modification shall be considered an outright permitted use in the C-4, I-1,I-2 and I-3 zone. 2. Modification to increase the height of an existing transmission tower shall be considered an outright permitted use in all other zones if the city approved an increase in tower height, as part of a prior land use process authorizing the transmission tower. The increase in height allowed under this paragraph shall be limited to the specific height authorized in the prior land use process. (b)Site Review. Such construction shall require site review approval in the PL, C-2, [and]C-3 zones. , and S-WS (c)Conditional Use Permit. Such construction shall require a conditional ( use permit in theR-1, C-1, S and GO zones. other than S-WS) (d)Prohibited Zones and Locations. No new transmission tower shall be permitted in any zones not included in subparagraphs (a) to (c) above, including the AG, R-2, R-3, R-4, H, NR, and PRO zones; or in the Willamette Greenway, on Gillespie Butte above the elevation of 450 feet, on the ridgeline as defined in the South Hills Study or on Judkins Point. (6) Application Requirements. (c)Site Review and Conditional Use Permit Applications. In addition to the application requirements specified in paragraph (b) above, applications Ordinance - Page 8 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. for site review or conditional use permits also shall include the following information: 2. Documentation that alternative sites within a radius of at least 2000 feet have been considered and have been determined to be technologically unfeasible or unavailable. For site reviews, alternative sites zoned C-4, I-1, I-2, and I-3 must be considered. For conditional use permits alternative sites zoned PL, C-2 [and] ,, C-3, C-4, I-1, I-2, [and] I-3 must be considered. and S-WS (7) Standards for Transmission Towers and Antennas. Installation, construction or modification of all transmission towers and antennas shall comply with the following standards, unless a varianceis obtained pursuant to the provisions of subsection (9) of this section: (b)Height Limitation: Transmission tower heights shall be governed by this section except as provided for below. No transmission tower shall exceed the maximum heights provided below. In no case shall a variance be granted from the limitations of subparagraphs (1) through (4) below. 1. In any zones, no transmission tower shall exceed the height limitations established for buildings and structures in the specified areas surrounding Skinner Butte contained in EC 9.6715 Height Limitation Areas of this land use code to protect views to and from Skinner Butte. 2. In any zone within the area east of Willagillespie Road, south of Cal Young Road, west of Oakway Road, and north of Southwood Lane and Country Club Road, no transmission tower shall exceed 75 feet in height to protect views to and from Gillespie Butte. 3. If located within a PL, C-2, C-3, C-4, R-4,I-1, I-2 [or] I-3 ,or S-WS zone, the height limitationfor that zone shall apply. 4. If located within a C-1, S or GO zone, the (other than S-WS) maximum height of a transmission tower, including antennas, is 100 feet. 5. If located within an R-1 zone, the maximum height of a transmission tower, including antennas, is 75 feet, unless a variance is granted pursuant to the provisions of subsection (9) of this section. In no event shall a variance be granted to construct such a tower in excess of 100 feet. (d)Setback. The following setbacks from adjacent property lines and adjacent streets shall be required unless a variance is granted pursuant to the provisions of subsection (9) of this section: 1. If located within a PL,S, C-2, C-3, C-4, I-1, I-2, [or] I-3 or S-WS zone, no setback from adjacent property lines shall be required beyond that required by this land use code or the provisions applicable to the S zone. 2. If located within an R-1, C-1, or GO zone, the transmission tower shall be set back from adjacent property lines a minimum number of feet that is equal to the height of the transmission tower. 3. In the R-1, PL, C-1 and GO zones, transmission towers shall be set back from adjacent public street(s) a minimum number of feet that is equal to the height of the tower. In all other zones, the Ordinance - Page 9 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. setback from adjacent public streets shall be a minimum of 25 feet. Section 10. Subsection (2) of Section 9.6750 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding a new subsection (d) to provide: 9.6750Special Setback Standards. (2) Special Setback for Streets. (d) Notwithstanding subsections (a)-(c), above, special setbacks for the segment of Franklin Boulevard shown on Map 9.3970(3)(d) (S- WS Walnut Special Area Zone Franklin Boulevard Special Setback Boundaries) are those lines established by Exhibit G to Ordinance No. _________. (See EC 9.3970(3)(d).) Section 11. Subsection (1) of Section 9.7007 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended to provide: 9.7007Neighborhood/Applicant Meetings. (1)This section applies to the following types of land use applications: (a) Type II: 3-lot partitions, tentative subdivisions [and] tentative cluster , subdivisions; and design reviews (b) Type III: Only conditional use permits and tentative planned unit developments; (c) Type IV applications that are not city-initiated; (d) Metro Plan amendments that are not city-initiated. Section 12. Section 9.7055 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding the following entries in alphabetical order to Table 9.7055 to provide: 9.7055Applications and Review Authorities. Table 9.7055 Applications and Review Authorities, lists applications and the typical review authorities for the decision and the appeal of the decision. To accommodate a request for concurrent review, the city may instead review multiple applications according to the highest applicable type. Table 9.7055 Applications and Review Authorities R = Recommendation, D = Decision Maker, A = Appeal Review Authority ApplicationTypePlanningHearings Historic PlanningCity DirectorOfficialReview CommissionCouncil Board Design Review IIDA Design Review, Modification IIDA Ordinance - Page 10 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. Section 13. Section 9.7205 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is revised by amending the entry for “Conditional Use Permit, Modification” and adding entries for “Design Review” and “Design Review, Modification” in alphabetical order to Table 9.7205 to provide: 9.7205Type II Application Requirements and Criteria Reference. The following applications are typically reviewed under the Type II review process according to the requirements and criteria set forth for each application as reflected in the beginning reference column in Table 9.7205. To accommodate a request for concurrent review, the city may instead review multiple applications according to the highest applicable type. Table 9.7205 Type II Application Requirements and Criteria Type II ApplicationsBeginning Reference Conditional Use Permit, Modification EC [9.8110]9.8007 Design Review EC 9.8110 Design Review, Modification EC 9.8114 Section 14.Section 9.7230 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding the following entries in alphabetical order to Table 9.7230 to provide: 9.7230Expiration. (1) The planning director’s approval of an application shall expire in 12 months, 18 months, or 36 months from the effective date of approval, depending upon the type of land use application as specified in Table 9.7230 Expiration of Type II Application Approvals, or as provided in subsections (2) through (9) of this section. If an application approval has expired according to any of the conditions stated in subsections (2) through (9), the original application approval is revoked and a new application must be filed. Table 9.7230 Expiration of Type II Application Approvals Application12 months18 months36 months Design Review X Design Review, Modification X Section 15. Subsection (1) of Section 9.7605 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended to provide: 9.7605Filing of Appeal of Planning Director’s Decision. (1) Within 12 days of the date of the mailing of the planning director’s decision, the decision may be appealed to the hearings official [or] historic review , boardaccording to the appeal review authority or planning commission specified in Table 9.7055 Applications and Review Authorities by the Ordinance - Page 11 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. following: (a) Applicant. (b) Owner of the subject property. (c) Neighborhood group officially recognized by the city that includes the area of the subject property. (d) Any person who submitted written comments in regards to the original application. (e) A person entitled to notice of the original application. (f) A person adversely affected or aggrieved by the initial decision. Section 16. Sections 9.8110 and 9.8009 of the Eugene Code, 1971, are renumbered to Sections 9.8007 and 9.8009, respectively, and all references to those sections, including but not limited to the reference in EC 9.2682, are hereby updated to reflect this renumbering. Section 17. EC “Map 9.8010 Adopted Plans” and its legend are amended as shown on Exhibit F attached hereto and Table 9.8010 in Section 9.8010 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended to provide: 9.8010List of Adopted Plans. The documents listed in the following Table 9.8010, including any adopted amendments, are the currently effective adopted plans that may be applicable to a particular land use application. The plans and adopted policies are more particularly set forth beginning at EC 9.9500, and the boundaries for each are depicted on Map 9.8010 Adopted Plans. Table 9.8010 List of Adopted Plans Bethel-Danebo Refinement Plan (Phase II) Riverfront Park Study Bethel-Danebo Refinement Plan South Hills Study Comprehensive Stormwater Management Plan South Willamette Subarea Study Eugene Commercial Lands Study TransPlan (Metro Area Transportation Plan) Eugene Downtown Plan Walnut Station Specific Area Plan Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Area General West University Refinement Plan Plan (Metro Plan) Fairmount/U of O Special Area Study Westside Neighborhood Plan Jefferson/Far West Refinement Plan Whiteaker Plan Laurel Hill Neighborhood Plan Willakenzie Area Plan 19 th and Agate Special Area Study Willow Creek Special Area Study River Road-Santa Clara Urban Facilities Plan Resolution No. 3862 Adopting the West 11 th Resolution No. 3885 Establishing Areas for the Commercial Land Use Policy and Refining the Application of C-4 Commercial-Industrial District Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Area General Zoning, and Amending Resolution No. 3862 Plan (Adopted June 13, 1984) (Adopted on November 13, 1984) Ordinance - Page 12 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. Section 18. Section 9.8030 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding a new subsection (29) to provide: 9.8030Adjustment Review - Approval Criteria.The planning director shall approve, conditionally approve, or deny an adjustment review application. Approval or conditional approval shall be based on compliance with the following applicable criteria. (29) S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone Off-Street Parking Spaces Adjustment. An adjustment allowing a 25 percent reduction in the minimum required off-street parking spaces pursuant to EC 9.3970(4)(a), if the applicant demonstrates that a proposed Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Program approved by the city contains strategies for reducing vehicle use and parking demand generated by the development and establishes benchmarks by which the program’s effectiveness will be measured annually. Section 19. The following heading and Sections 9.8110, 9.8111, 9.8112, 9.8113, 9.8114 of the Eugene Code, 1971, are added to provide: DESIGN REVIEW 9.8110Design Review- Purpose. The design review process is intended to provide an alternative path for design proposals that respond to the intent of the code and creatively meet or exceed the specific development standards. 9.8111Design Review - Applicability. EC 9.3980 allows an applicant within the S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone to seek approval through the Design Review process. These applications for review shall be considered under a Type II process, or concurrently with a related Type III application process. No development permit shall be issued by the city prior to completion of the design review. 9.8112Design Review – Application Requirements. In addition to the provisions in EC 9.7010 ApplicationFiling, applications for Design Review shall be subject to the following requirements: (1) Unless waived by the planning director, the application shall be prepared by one or more of the following professionals: (a) Oregon licensed architect. (b) Oregon licensed civil engineer. (c) Oregon licensed landscape architect. (2) The application shall include a site plan that shows sufficient detail and supporting narrative information to demonstrate compliance with applicable criteria. Unless waived by the planning director, the site plan shall be prepared by an Oregon licensed architect, landscape architect, civil engineer or Oregon licensed surveyor. 9.8113Design Review - Approval Criteria. The decision-maker shall determine Ordinance - Page 13 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. whether the application is in compliance with the Design Review criteria set out in the code section that authorizes Design Review. 9.8114Design Review – Modification. Modification of an approved Design Review may be requested following the Type II process. The planning director shall approve the request if it complies with the following criteria: (1) The proposed modification is consistent with the conditions of the original approval. (2) The proposed modification will result in insignificant changes in the physical appearance of the development and the impact on surrounding properties. If the planning director determines that the modification is not consistent with the above criteria, the proposed modification may not occur until a new Design Review application is submitted and reviewed based on the Type II application procedures. Nothing in this section shall preclude the applicant from initially submitting the requested modification as a new Design Review application. Section 20. Subsection (5) of Section 9.8680 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is added to provide: 9.8680Approval Criteria. The planning director shall approve, conditionally approve, or deny an application for Traffic Impact Analysis Review following a Type II process, or as part of a Type III process when in conjunction with a CUP or PUD. Approval or conditional approval shall be based on compliance with the following criteria: (5) In addition to the above criteria, if the development is located within the S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone, any increased traffic the development would generate on streets within the Fairmount neighborhood to the south of the Walnut Station Special Area Zone shall be mitigated through the use of traffic calming strategies or other mechanisms designed to discourage such traffic. Section 21. Subsection (4) of Section 9.8865 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is amended by adding a new subparagraph (o) and relettering the subsequent subparagraphs to provide: 9.8865Zone Change Approval Criteria. Approval of a zone change application, including the designation of an overlay zone, shall not be approved unless it meets all of the following criteria: (4) The proposed zone change is consistent with the applicable siting requirements set out for the specific zone in: (o) EC 9.3955 S-WS Walnut Station Special Area Zone Siting Requirements. (o) EC 9.4205 /EC East Campus Overlay Zone Siting Requirements. p (p) EC 9.4715 /WP Waterside Protection Overlay Zone Siting q Requirements. (q) EC 9.4776 /WQ Water Quality Overlay Zone Siting Requirements (only r for the purposes of adding the overlay zone. See EC 9.4786.). Ordinance - Page 14 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. (r) EC 9.4915 /WR Water Resources Conservation Overlay Zone Siting s Requirements (only for the purposes of adding the overlay zone. See EC 9.4960.). (s) EC 9.4815 /WB Wetland Buffer Overlay Zone Siting Requirements. t (t) An uncodified ordinance establishing a site specific S-H Historic Special u Area Zone, a copy of which is maintained at the city’s planning and development department. Section 22. Subsection (2) of Section 9.9570 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is deleted and the remaining subsections are renumbered accordingly, and subsections (4) and (6) of EC 9.9570 are amended to provide: 9.9570Fairmount/U of O Special Area Study Policies. [(2)Oregon Department of Transportation Lands Policies.Future use of the ODOT lands shall be for residential, park, and office as defined in the following policy statements: (a)Future use of the ODOT lands shall be primarilyresidential. This use shall be for low-to medium-density residential development. (b)Future development of the ODOT lands shall preserve and enhance the existing “gateway” effect as an attractive entrance to the city, and special attention shall be given to developing a portion as a gateway park. (c)Under future development, office use on the ODOT lands shall be limited to the site of the present Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) building on the northwest corner of Tax Lot 1000--Assessor’s Map 17- 03-33-3 1 (“S” on the Land Use Diagram). (Policy 1) (d)Upon conversion of the ODOT lands from public to private ownership and the ensuing development of the lands shall be compatible with the th single-family development along East 15Avenue, the commercial uses along Franklin Boulevard and Walnut Avenue, and the existing bike route. (Policy 2)] ([4]) Traffic Circulation Policies. 3 [(a)The Department of Motor Vehicles site shall continue to gain access from Walnut Avenue and not fromFranklin Boulevard. (Policy 1)] (b) The adverse effects of motor vehicle movement shall be mitigated as a much as possible. (Policy 2) [(c)Primary vehicular access to the Oregon Department of Transportation Land should minimize impact on nearby residences and Fairmount Park. (Policy 3)] (d) Traffic management techniques shall continue to be used and new b techniques developed to reinforce the idea of a hierarchy of streets in the plan area. Some streets shall combine their local, collector, or arterial function with a role as primary pedestrian or bicycle ways. The use of low-volume, local neighborhood streets for through movements by truck and heavy construction equipment shall be discouraged. (Policy 4) Ordinance - Page 15 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. (e) By March, 2005, the City shall initiate a study of Agate Street between c th Franklin Boulevard and 19 Avenue. That study, conducted jointly with the University and the Fairmount Neighborhood Association, shall identify strategies to improve the function and carrying capacity of Agate according to the City criteria for its designated street classification. The City will implement the necessary changes. The University will participate in those improvements as development occurs and as required by the City code, to the extent that the University is directly responsible for the needed improvements. (Policy 6) (f) The City, with the cooperation of the University and the Fairmount d Neighborhood Association, shall initiate an area-wide traffic calming study for the streets within the Fairmount/University of Oregon Special Area Study boundary to determine appropriate mitigation for through- traffic utilizing neighborhood streets. Such study shall be initiated prior to December, 2008, subject to availability of funds. In the event that the City updates the Central Area Transportation Study (CATS) prior to 2008, the City shall fund and initiate an area-wide traffic calming study as part of the CATS update to determine appropriate mitigation measures for the subject area. (Policy 7) (g) If a Traffic Impact Analysis that is required by the City Code projects e that a proposed development will increase traffic on streets within the single-family neighborhood to the east and south of University-owned land, the City shall require the applicant to mitigate those impacts through use of traffic calming strategies or other mechanisms designed to discourage through traffic. (Policy 8) (h) With the exception of alleys, vacations of streets within the state- f approved University East Campus boundary should not be permitted, unless the applicant, at his or her expense, provides to the City a local street connection study that demonstrates how the proposed street system remaining after such vacation meets the intent of the Eugene Code street connectivity provisions and that such vacation will not increase traffic volumes on local residential streets. (Policy 9) ([6]) Bicycle and Pedestrian Policies. 5 [(a)When the Department of Transportation lands are developed in the th future, consideration shall be given to realigning the 15Avenue bicycle path in the vicinity of those lands and making it more attractive. (Note: If the bicycle path is realigned, the City shall require an easement for the path to ensure its permanence in the future.) (Policy 1) (b)] Existing and future businesses shall be encouraged to provide safe and covered bicycle parking for employees and patrons. (Policy 3) The use of bicycles, mass transit, walking, carpooling, and other appropriate alternative modes of transportation, especially by employees working in the plan area, shall be actively encouraged and provided for in order to reduce automobile dependence and alleviate traffic and parking problems. (Policy 4) Section 23. Section 9.9655 of the Eugene Code, 1971, is added to provide: 9.9655Walnut Station Specific Area Plan. Ordinance - Page 16 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. (1) As part of an application to develop the lands formerly owned by the Department of Transportation (south of Franklin Boulevard, east of Walnut Street and north of 15th Avenue), the developer shall demonstrate that consideration was given to realigning the 15th Avenue bicycle path in the vicinity of those lands and making it more attractive. (Note: If the bicycle path is realigned, the City shall require an easement for the path to ensure its permanence in the future.) (2) As part of an application to develop a property south of Franklin Boulevard or a property in the block on the north side of Franklin Boulevard between Moss Street, Villard Street, and Garden Avenue within the Walnut Station Specific Area Plan, applicants are encouraged to include access for pedestrians, bicycles and limited vehicular access consistent with the Transportation Features map shown as Figure 9.3978(3)(b) in the Walnut Station Special Area Zone. Section 24 . The legal description set forth at Exhibit H is hereby adopted as the description of the special setback lines that shall be applied to the segment of Franklin Boulevard shown on Map 9.3970(3)(d) S-WS Walnut Special Area Zone Franklin Boulevard Special Setback Boundaries. Section 25. The Legislative Findings set forth in Exhibit I attached to this Ordinance serve as support for this ordinance. Section 26. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or portion of this Ordinance is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, such portion shall be deemed a separate, distinct and independent provision and such holding shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions hereof. Section 27. The City Recorder, at the request of, or with the consent of the City Attorney, is authorized to administratively correct any reference errors contained herein, or in other provisions of the Eugene Code, 1971, to the provisions added, amended or repealed herein. Passed by the City Council this Approved by the Mayor this ___ day of _______________, 2010 ____ day of _______________, 2010 Ordinance - Page 17 of 18 Version B: Attachment D Presented for Public Hearing on 6/21/10 -- appeal of design review to be considered by Planning Commission. ____________________________ _____________________________ City Recorder Mayor Ordinance - Page 18 of 18 Û¨¸·¾·¬ ß É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² Ü»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ Æ±²·²¹ Ì¿¾´» ÝËÎÎÛÒÌ ÐÎÑÐÑÍÛÜ ÝËÎÎÛÒÌ ÓÛÌÎÑÐÎÑÐÑÍÛÜ ÓÛÌÎÑÎ»º·²»³»²¬ Ð´¿²ø÷ ÆÑÒ×ÒÙÆÑÒ×ÒÙÐÔßÒ ÜÛÍ×ÙÒßÌ×ÑÒÐÔßÒ ÜÛÍ×ÙÒßÌ×ÑÒÝ¸¿²¹» ÓßÐÔÑÌßÝÎÛÍ ïéðííîïìððìðððòîéëìèïçïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìððéðððòìëçíìëïëÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìðïéðïðòííçìéèðîÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíððîðððòíìèìèïçîÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíðïëðððòîîîïðçíìÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíðïêðððòîëèîêììéÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííïððëðððòîçëìíèçðÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º ïéðííííïððéðððòííîçèëìêÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ ïéðííííïðïðððîòèðèêéëéêÐÔÍóÉÍÓÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜ Í¬«¼§æ ïéðííííïðïïðððòéïçïêìççÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜÎ»³±ª» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ïéðííííïðïëððïòïìéëçèïíÐÔÍóÉÍÓÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜ¿®»¿ º®±³ ¬¸» ïéðííííïðïêðððòìðëêêçðéÐÔÍóÉÍÓÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜÚ¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º ïéðííííïðïéðððòïèïéççðíÎóïÍóÉÍÓÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜÑ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ ïéðííííïðïèðððòïéðððîîïÎóïÍóÉÍÓÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜÍ¬«¼§ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ïéðííííïðïçðððòïéêéçëçíÎóïÍóÉÍÓÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜ¿²¼ ¾±«²¼¿®§ò ïéðííííïðîððððòðçèéïêìéÐÔÍóÉÍÓÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîððïðððòïêëííçéìÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîððîðððòïðèéïìîëÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîððíðððòïïêîíéðéÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîððìðððòïîíéëèçíÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîððëðððòïíèèðíçéÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ïéðííííîððëðïðòïíïîèîëíÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² æ ïéðííííîððèðððòïêèèçîèéÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜß¼±°¬ ²»© É¿´²«¬ ïéðííííîððèðïðòïêïíéîéêÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜÍ¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ ïéðííííîððèðîðòíððïéëïïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜÐ´¿² ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ïéðííííîððçðððòïéêìïëìëÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ©·¬¸ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ïéðííííîðïððððòïèíçíèççÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ¿®»¿ ¼»´·²»¿¬»¼ ¿ ïéðííííîðïïðððòðéèðéçïëÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜÉ¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² °»½·¿´ ïéðííííîðïîðððòðçéïêïðïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ¿®»¿ ¦±²»ò ïéðííííîðïíðððòïîèêëëîêÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðïìðððòðèìðìèðëÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðïëðððòîíðîèïëïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðïêðððòðèììççëïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðïéðððòïèéïìëéëÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðïèðððòïèðííðçíÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðïçðððòïéíëîììïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðîððððòìéçêçëðìÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðîíðððòïìêîéìëéÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðîìðððòïíçìêïçêÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðîëðððòïíîêëííçÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðîêðððòïéìîêèëìÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðîéðððòïèîèïêíëÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðîèððìòïíéðçëééÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðíëðððòçêçïíçêêÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðíèðððòììðíîðçïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðìððððòîîðïìéðêÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðìïðððòéðìêéïïéÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðìêðððòïîîééèèìÎóïÍóÉÍÔÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðìéðððòïîîéèíêìÎóïÍóÉÍÔÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðìèðððòîìëëéèïëÎóîÍóÉÍÔÜÎÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðëððððòëìêïîïììÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðëíðððòíêðçííðíÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðëìðððòðçðèïêìïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðëëðððòîêðççëçêÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðëêðððòîêïðíîéïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðëéðððòîìêçïððìÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðèìðððòêîèìðìéíÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðèëðððòîëíïðëëðÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðèêðððòííéìêêîðÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ Û¨¸·¾·¬ ß ïéðííííîðèéððïòïïéìèêïèÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðèéðïðòìëçïíìéèÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðèèðððòîëíííîìëÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðèçðððòïèçììîíéÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðçððððòïèçììèëìÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðçïðððòïçêîëêçðÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðçîðððòðèêîîìèïÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðçíðððòëêèíëîçìÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðçíðïðòðìêíéíìíÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðçìðððòðèéêëëçìÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðçëðððòîèéìððïìÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîïðïðððòëíìçëîéìÝóîÍóÉÍÐÑÍÐÑÍñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîïðëðïðòïèíêëíîèÝóîÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîðìçðððòîìëëçëèèÝóîñÍÎÍóÉÍÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìððíðððòëçêèìëìèÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìððëðððòèïçîðìèîÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìððêðððòëïíéêêçêÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìððçððîòîïðìéëîìÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìðïððððòçîðéïðìêÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìðïîðððòïîïðèîëèÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìðïîðïðòìéëëïðïëÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìðïíðððòíðìèèçíéÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìðïéðððòíëðçêçíïÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ öïéðííîïìðïèððïëòïçìçêðççÍóÎÐñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìðïçðððòíììðïéðëÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ öïéðííîïìðîðððîòîçíëéèêðÍóÎÐñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííîïìðîïðððòïçêïéðééÍóÎÐñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíððíðïðòîïçðìêîêÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíððìðððòêíçðîðíðÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíððëðððòëëêèîðïðÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíððêðððòìëëïðîçëÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíððèðððòçèëìïçëçÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíððçðððòîêêèêèëçÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíðïððððòèðçíêðéíÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíðïïððïòïçíéëìîçÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíðïîðððòíëîîìççîÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíðïìðððòìççîîêèçÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíðïéðððòìéïîîçèëÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíðîððððòçìðéðíëëÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðíííîíðîîðððòìðçèìðìðÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííïððïððìòðïêìîîêè×óíñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÐÑÍÐÑÍñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííïððêððëòìîíêîëîçÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííïððêðïðòëïíçèíëïÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîïðîðððòíîîïèððéÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîïðìðððòìîîìðíìíÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîïðëðððòêðèíëðéíÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍñÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ïéðííííîïðíðððòíïêèðíîìÝóîñÉÎÍóÉÍáÉÎÝÝñÓËñÒÜ ö Ñ²´§ ¿ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸· ¬¿¨ ´±¬ · ·² ÍóÉÍ Õ»§æ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² Ü»·¹²¿¬·±²æ Æ±²·²¹æ Ý ã Ý±³³»®½·¿´ÉÍ ã É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ÔÜÎ ã Ô±© Ü»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ÎÐ ã Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ÓÜÎ ã Ó»¼·«³ Ü»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´Ýóî ã Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ÐÑÍ ã Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ Ñ°»² Í°¿½»Îóï ã Ô±© Ü»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ ÒÜ ã Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ñª»®´¿§ ß®»¿Îóî ã Ó»¼·«³ Ü»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ ÓË ã Ó·¨»¼ Ë» ß®»¿ Ñª»®´¿§ÐÔ ã Ð«¾´·½ Ô¿²¼ ×óí ã Ø»¿ª§ ×²¼«¬®·¿´ ñÉÎ ã É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ñÍÎ ã Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» Û¨¸·¾·¬Þ É¿´²«¬Í¬¿¬·±²Ó»¬®±Ð´¿²Ü·¿¹®¿³ß³»²¼³»²¬ É¿´²«¬Í¬¿¬·±²Ó»¬®±Ð´¿²Ü·¿¹®¿³ß³»²¼³»²¬ øÝ·¬§Ú·´»Óßïðï÷ øÝ·¬§Ú·´»Óßïðï÷ Metro Plan Diagram Amendment from Low Density Residential designation to Commercial designation Metro Plan Diagram Amendment from Medium Density Residential designation to Commercial designation Addition of Nodal Development Area overlay designation Addition of Mixed Use Area overlay designation ÍÌÑÎÝØßÎÜ ÍÌÊ×ÔÔßÎÜ ÍÌÝÑÔËÓÞ×ß ÍÌÉßÔÒËÌ ÍÌÑÎÝØßÎÜ ÍÌÊ×ÔÔßÎÜ ÍÌÓÑÍÍ ÍÌÝÑÔËÓÞ×ß ÍÌßÙßÌÛ ÍÌÑÎÝØßÎÜ ÍÌÓÑÍÍ ÍÌÝÑÔËÓÞ×ß Û¨¸·¾·¬Ú Ó¿°çòèðïð ßÜÑÐÌÛÜÐÔßÒÍÔÛÙÛÒÜ ïì ïí ïë ïî ïê î ê ï ïï íì ïð ïé ë ç é ïè è Ô»¹»²¼±²¿¼¶±·²·²¹°¿¹» Ó¿°çòèðïð ßÜÑÐÌÛÜÐÔßÒÍÔÛÙÛÒÜ Í°»½·º·½ß®»¿Ð´¿² ïò Û«¹»²»Ü±©²¬±©²Ð´¿² îò Î·ª»®º®±²¬Ð¿®µÍ¬«¼§ íò É»¬Ë²·ª»®·¬§Î»º·²»³»²¬Ð´¿² ¬¸ ìò ïçúß¹¿¬»Í°»½·¿´ß®»¿Í¬«¼§ ëò Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§Í°»½·¿´ß®»¿Í¬«¼§ êò É¿´²«¬Í¬¿¬·±²Í°»½·º·½ß®»¿Ð´¿² éò Ô¿«®»´Ø·´´Ð´¿² èò Í±«¬¸Ø·´´Í¬«¼§ çò Í±«¬¸É·´´¿³»¬¬»Í«¾¿®»¿Í¬«¼§ ïðò Ö»ºº»®±²ñÚ¿®É»¬Î»º·²»³»²¬Ð´¿² ïïò É»¬·¼»Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼Ð´¿² ïîò É¸·¬»¿µ»®Ð´¿² ïíò É·´´¿µ»²¦·»ß®»¿Ð´¿² ïìò Î·ª»®Î±¿¼Í¿²¬¿Ý´¿®¿Ë®¾¿²Ú¿½·´·¬·»Ð´¿² ïëò Þ»¬¸»´Ü¿²»¾±Î»º·²»³»²¬Ð´¿² ïêò Þ»¬¸»´Ü¿²»¾±Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼Î»º·²»³»²¬Ð´¿²ôÐ¸¿»××ôÉ»¬Û«¹»²»×²¼«¬®·¿´Í¬«¼§ ïéò É·´´±©Ý®»»µÍ°»½·¿´ß®»¿Í¬«¼§ ïèò É»¬Û«¹»²»É»¬´¿²¼Ð´¿² ¬¸ Î»±´«¬·±²Ò±òíèêîß¼±°¬·²¹¬¸»É»¬ïïÝ±³³»®½·¿´Ô¿²¼Ë»Ð±´·½§ Î»±´«¬·±²Ò±òíèèëÛ¬¿¾´·¸·²¹ß®»¿º±®¬¸»ß°°´·½¿¬·±²±ºÝìÆ±²·²¹ Ý·¬§±®Ó»¬®±°±´·¬¿²ß®»¿Ð´¿² Ë®¾¿²Ù®±©¬¸Þ±«²¼¿®§øËÙÞ÷ã Ý±³°®»¸»²·ª»Í¬±®³©¿¬»®Ó¿²¿¹»³»²¬Ð´¿²ãÝ·¬§Ô·³·¬ø²±¬¸±©²÷ Û«¹»²»Ý±³³»®½·¿´Ô¿²¼Í¬«¼§ãËÙÞ Ì¸·³¿°··²¬»²¼»¼¿¹»²»®¿´®»º»®»²½»º±®¬¸» Û«¹»²»Ð¿®µúÎ»½®»¿¬·±²Ð´¿²ãËÙÞ ¾±«²¼¿®·»±º°´¿²¿¼±°¬»¼¾§¬¸»Û«¹»²»Ý·¬§Ý±«²½·´ò Ó»¬®±Ð´¿²ãÓ»¬®±ß®»¿ Ú±®°»½·º·½¾±«²¼¿®·»ô°´»¿»®»º»®¬±¬¸»°´¿²òÓ¿° °®»°¿®»¼¾§¬¸»Û«¹»²»Ð´¿²²·²¹úÜ»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ì®¿²Ð´¿²ãÓ»¬®±ß®»¿ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬òøÍ±³»°´¿²¸¿ª»±ª»®´¿°°·²¹¾±«²¼¿®·»ò÷ ZÆÃÃô Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ Í°»½·¿´ Í»¬¾¿½µ Ü»½®·°¬·±² Ð®»¿³¾´»æ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ Î·¹¸¬ó±ºóÉ¿§ · ¿ ½±³¾·²¿¬·±² ±º ¬©± êð º±±¬ ©·¼» Î·¹¸¬ó±ºó É¿§ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ¬¸» °»½·¿´ »¬¾¿½µ ¼·¬¿²½» ¿®» ³»¿«®»¼ º®±³ ¬¸» ®»°»½¬·ª» ½»²¬»®´·²» øÒ±®¬¸»®´§ ½»²¬»®´·²» ¿²¼ Í±«¬¸»®´§ ½»²¬»®´·²»÷ ¿ ¼»½®·¾»¼ ¾»´±©ò Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ±«¬¸»®´§ ½»²¬»®´·²» ¼»½®·°¬·±² Þ»¹·²²·²¹ ¿¬ ¬¸» Í±«¬¸©»¬ ½±®²»® ±º Ô±¬ ìô Þ´±½µ í ±º ¬¸» ß³»²¼»¼ Ð´¿¬ ±º Ú¿·®³±«²¬ ¿ °´¿¬¬»¼ ¿²¼ ®»½±®¼»¼ ·² Þ±±µ îô Ð¿¹» ïîô Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ Ñ®»¹±² Ð´¿¬ Î»½±®¼ ·² Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ô ßª»²«»å ¬¸ ßª»²«» ¿²¼ ¬¸ ß¹¿¬» Í¬®»»¬å ¬¸»²½» Ò±®¬¸ ïp®´·²» ±º ¿·¼ ß¹¿¬» ïìîðòçè º»»¬ ¿´±²¹ ¿·¼ ±«¬¸»®´§ ½»²¬»®´·²» ±º Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ¬± ¬¿¬·±² Ôïîëõíðòèì ÐÌ °»® Ñ®»¹±² Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ³¿° ¼®¿©·²¹ ²±ò é¾óìóè ¼»°·½¬ ¿²¼ ¿´± ¾»·²¹ ¬¸» ÌÎËÛ ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÑÚ ÞÛÙ×ÒÒ×ÒÙ ±º ¬¸» ¸»®»·² ½»²¬»®´·²» ¼»½®·°¬·±²å ¬¸»²½» º®±³ Ôïêíõïðòïè ÐÍ ¿²¼ ¬¸»®» »²¼·²¹ô ¿´´ ·² Û«¹»²»ô Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ Ñ®»¹±²ò Í¬¿¬·±² ¬± Í¬¿¬·±² É·¼¬¸ ±² Í±«¬¸»®´§ ·¼» ±º ½»²¬»®´·²» Ôî ïëîõëîòëî ¬± ´î ïëíõèðòðï ëëòíì º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ëëòìè º»»¬ Ôî ïëíõèðòðï ¬± ´î ïëëõîêòêé ëëòìè º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ëïòîë º»»¬ Ôî ïëëõîêòêé ¬± ´î ïëëõèïòéë ëïòîë º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ìçòêí º»»¬ Ôî ïëëõèïòéë ¬± ´î ïëéõðíòíë ìçòêí º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ëîòðé º»»¬ Ôî ïëéõðíòíë ¬± ´î ïëèõîëòéð ëîòðé º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ìçòîí º»»¬ Ôî ïëèõîëòéð ¬± ´î ïêïõìëòêè ìçòîí º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ìèòìì º»»¬ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ²±®¬¸»®´§ ½»²¬»®´·²» ¼»½®·°¬·±² Þ»¹·²²·²¹ ¿¬ ¬¸» Í±«¬¸©»¬ ½±®²»® ±º Ô±¬ ìô Þ´±½µ í ±º ¬¸» ß³»²¼»¼ Ð´¿¬ ±º Ú¿·®³±«²¬ ¿ °´¿¬¬»¼ ¿²¼ ®»½±®¼»¼ ·² Þ±±µ îô Ð¿¹» ïîô Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ Ñ®»¹±² Ð´¿¬ Î»½±®¼ ·² Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ô ¬ ííòðð º»»¬ ¬± ¬¸» ½»²¬»®´·²» ±º Û¿¬ ïë ßª»²«»å ¬¸ ßª»²«» ¿²¼ ¬¸ çëòçë º»»¬ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ½»²¬»®´·²» ±º ¿·¼ ß¹¿¬» Í¬®»»¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ò±®¬¸»®´§ ïííìòíè º»»¬ ¿´±²¹ ¿·¼ ²±®¬¸»®´§ ½»²¬»®´·²» ±º Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ¬± ¬¿¬·±² Ôî ïîëõéìòè ZÆÃÃô ÐÌ °»® Ñ®»¹±² Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ³¿° ¼®¿©·²¹ ²±ò é¾óìóè ¼»°·½¬ ¿²¼ ¿´± ¾»·²¹ ¬¸» ÌÎËÛ ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÑÚ ÞÛÙ×ÒÒ×ÒÙ ±º ¬¸» ¸»®»·² ½»²¬»®´·²» ¼»½®·°¬·±²å ¬¸»²½» º®±³ ½»²¬»®´·²» ¬¿¬·±² Ôî ïîëõéìòè ðèòèí º»»¬ ¬± ½»²¬»®´·²» ¬¿¬·±² Ôî ïêîõééòêí ÐÍ ¿²¼ ¬¸»®» »²¼·²¹ô ¿´´ ·² Û«¹»²»ô Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ Ñ®»¹±²ò Í¬¿¬·±² ¬± Í¬¿¬·±² É·¼¬¸ ±² Ò±®¬¸»®´§ ·¼» ±º ½»²¬»®´·²» Ô ïíïõîìòíï ¬± Ô ïííõçèòîì íçòðí º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ìíòêë º»»¬ Ô ïííõçèòîì ¬± Ô ïíìõèìòéë ìíòêë º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ìíòçè º»»¬ Ô ïíìõèìòéë ¬± Ô ïíèõïçòêï ìíòçè º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ìðòèè º»»¬ Ôïíèõïçòêï ¬± Ôïíçõðèòèê ìðòèè º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íèòïç º»»¬ Ô ïíçõðèòèê ¬± Ô ïìïõìêòëì íèòïç º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íèòèð º»»¬ Ô ïìïõìêòëì ¬± Ô ïìîõëïòïî íèòèð º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íëòçç º»»¬ Ô ïìîõëïòïî ¬± Ô ïììõíêòéï íëòçç º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íïòçè º»»¬ Ô ïììõíêòéï ¬± Ô ïìéõîîòçç íïòçè º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íïòçç º»»¬ Ô ïìéõîîòçç ¬± Ô ïëîõðîòîé íïòçç º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íïòçè º»»¬ Ô ïëîõðîòîé ¬± Ô ïëíõëïòíé íïòçè º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íìòìê º»»¬ Ô ïëíõëïòíé ¬± Ô ïëìõçèòðì íìòìê º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íèòêç º»»¬ Ô ïëìõçèòðì ¬± Ô ïëëõëìòíï íèòêç º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ìðòíï º»»¬ Ô ïëëõëìòíï ¬± Ô ïëêõèïòîë ìðòíï º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íéòçð º»»¬ Ô ïëêõèïòîë ¬± Ô ïêïõïìòîî íéòçð º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± ìïòëç º»»¬ Ô ïêïõïìòîî ¬± Ô ïêîòééòêí ìïòëç º»»¬ ±² ¿ ¬®¿·¹¸¬ ´·²» ¬± íðòðð º»»¬ Û¨¸·¾·¬ × Ú·²¼·²¹ ±º Ý±²·¬»²½§ º±® É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ý·¬§ Ú·´» Óß ïðóïô Îß ïðóïô Ýß ïðóï ¿²¼ Æ ïðóï É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ì¸» °«®°±» ±º ¬¸· °´¿²²·²¹ °®±¶»½¬ · ¬± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¿ ³·¨»¼ «» ½»²¬»®ô ¬± ½®»¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿²¼ «®¾¿² ¼»·¹² ¹«·¼»´·²» º±® ¬¸» ³·¨»¼ «» ½»²¬»®ô ¿²¼ ¬± »²¿¾´» ¬¸» ¬®¿²º±®³¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸· ¿®»¿ ·²¬± ¿ ª·¾®¿²¬ô °»¼»¬®·¿² º®·»²¼´§ ³·¨»¼ «» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ì¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¿½¬·±² ¿®» ²»½»¿®§ ¬± ·³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®æ ß³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¬± ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬» ¬»² °®±°»®¬·» ¬± Ý±³³»®½·¿´ô ®»«´¬·²¹ ·² ¿´´ °®±°»®¬·» ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® ¸¿ª·²¹ ¿ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ø©·¬¸ ¬¸» »¨½»°¬·±² ±º ¬©± Ý·¬§ó±©²»¼ °¿®µ °®±°»®¬·»å ¿ ²¿®®±© ¬®·° ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ±«¬¸ ·¼» ±º ¬¸» Ó·´´ Î¿½» ¿²¼ Ú®¿²µ´·² Ð¿®µô ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ ®»³¿·² ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ Ñ°»² Í°¿½»÷ô ¿²¼ ¿¼¼ ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ Ñª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ó·¨»¼ Ë» ß®»¿ Ñª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± ¿´´ °®±°»®¬·» ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®ò ß¼±°¬·±² ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¿²¼ °±´·½·» ¬± »¬¿¾´·¸ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®ò ß³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ¬»¨¬ ¿²¼ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¬± ®»³±ª» ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® º®±³ ¬¸» ¾±«²¼¿®·» ±º ¬¸» ¬«¼§ò ß³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¬»¨¬ ¬± ½´¿®·º§ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ÍóÎÐ Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¼± ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®ò ß³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ´¿²¼ «» ½±¼» ¬± »¬¿¾´·¸ ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô »¬¿¾´·¸ ¿ ¼»·¹² ®»ª·»© ´¿²¼ «» °®±½» ¿²¼ ½®·¬»®·¿ô ¿¼¼ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ¿ ¿² ¿¼±°¬»¼ °´¿²ô ¿²¼ ®»ª··±² ±¬¸»® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿²¼ ½®·¬»®·¿ º±® ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ò Î»ó¦±²·²¹ ±º ¿´´ °®±°»®¬·» ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® ¬± ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ò Ì¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ©·´´ ¾» ®»³±ª»¼ º®±³ ±²» °®±°»®¬§ò ß´´ °®±°»®¬·» ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ©·´´ ®»¬¿·² ¬¸¿¬ ±ª»®´¿§ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¾»´±© »¬¿¾´·¸ ¬¸» ½±²·¬»²½§ ±º ¬¸»» ¿½¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¿°°®±ª¿´ ½®·¬»®·¿ º®±³ ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Ý±¼»ò Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² Ü·¿¹®¿³ ß³»²¼³»²¬ øÝ·¬§ Ú·´» Óß ïðóï÷ Ì± ·³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®ô ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ³«¬ ¾» ¿³»²¼»¼å ²± ¬»¨¬ ½¸¿²¹» ¿®» ²»»¼»¼ò Í°»½·º·½¿´´§ô ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ · ¿³»²¼»¼ ¬± »²«®» ¬¸¿¬ ¿´´ °®±°»®¬·» ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ø»¨½»°¬ ¬©± Ý·¬§ó±©²»¼ °¿®µ °®±°»®¬·»å ¿ ²¿®®±© ¬®·° ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ±«¬¸ ·¼» ±º ¬¸» Ó·´´ Î¿½» ¿²¼ Ú®¿²µ´·² Ð¿®µô ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ ®»³¿·² ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ Ñ°»² Í°¿½»÷ ¿®» ¸±©² ±² ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ©·¬¸ ¿ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ¿²¼ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» ß®»¿ Ñª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©·´´ ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬» ¬¸®»» °®±°»®¬·» ø¬±¬¿´·²¹ ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ òë ¿½®»÷ º®±³ Ô±© Ü»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¬± Ý±³³»®½·¿´ô ¿²¼ ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬» »ª»² °®±°»®¬·» ø¬±¬¿´·²¹ ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ìòè ¿½®»÷ º®±³ Ó»¼·«³ Ü»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¬± Ý±³³»®½·¿´ò Ó±¬ ´±¬ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¿®» ¿´®»¿¼§ ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ±² ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ò Û«¹»²» Ý±¼» øÛÝ÷ Í»½¬·±² çòééíðøí÷ ®»¯«·®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ½®·¬»®·¿ ø·² ¾±´¼ ¿²¼ ·¬¿´·½÷ ¾» ¿°°´·»¼ ¬± ¿ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬æ ø¿÷ Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ³«¬ ¾» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»´»ª¿²¬ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ô¿²¼ Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² ¿²¼ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ý±³³··±²å ¿²¼ Ù±¿´ ï Ý·¬·¦»² ×²ª±´ª»³»²¬æ Ì± ¼»ª»´±° ¿ ½·¬·¦»² ·²ª±´ª»³»²¬ °®±¹®¿³ ¬¸¿¬ ·²«®» ¬¸» ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ º±® ½·¬·¦»² ¬± ¾» ·²ª±´ª»¼ ·² ¿´´ °¸¿» ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½»ò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ ¸¿ ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ °®±ª··±² º±® ½·¬·¦»² ·²ª±´ª»³»²¬ ©¸·½¸ »²«®» ¬¸» ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ º±® ½·¬·¦»² ¬± ¾» ·²ª±´ª»¼ ·² ¿´´ °¸¿» ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½» ¿²¼ »¬ ±«¬ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ º±® «½¸ ·²ª±´ª»³»²¬ò Ì¸» °®±½» º±® ¿¼±°¬·²¹ ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ ©¿ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ý ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» º±® ·²¬»®»¬»¼ °¿®¬·» ¬± °¿®¬·½·°¿¬» ·² ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ò Ø·¹¸´·¹¸¬ ¿®» ´·¬»¼ ¾»´±©æ Ý·¬·¦»² ×²ª±´ª»³»²¬ Ð´¿² ¿°°®±ª»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±²ô ß«¹«¬ îððëò ×«» Ù®±«° ³»»¬·²¹ ©·¬¸ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¹®±«°ô °®±°»®¬§ ¿²¼ ¾«·²» ±©²»®ô ¿²¼ ¬®¿²·¬ ½«¬±³»®ô ß«¹«¬ô Í»°¬»³¾»® ¿²¼ Ñ½¬±¾»® îððëò Í¬»»®·²¹ Ý±³³·¬¬»» ½®»¿¬»¼ ß«¹«¬ îððëô ©·¬¸ Û«¹»²» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±²ô ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º °®±ª·¼» ¿¼ª·±®§ ·²°«¬ ±² ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ±ª»® ¿ ²·²» ³±²¬¸ °»®·±¼ò Ì»½¸²·½¿´ ß¼ª·±®§ Ý±³³·¬¬»» × øÌßÝ÷ º±®³»¼ ·² Ö«´§ îððëô ¬± ¹«·¼» ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ¿²¼ ·²«®» ·²¬»®¿¹»²½§ ½±±®¼·²¿¬·±² ±ª»® ¿ ²·²» ³±²¬¸ °»®·±¼ò Ò»©´»¬¬»® ¼·¬®·¾«¬»¼ ¬± ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ îëðð ¿¼¼®»»ô ¼»½®·¾·²¹ ¬¸» ¬«¼§ ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½» ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¼®¿º¬ ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ½±²½»°¬ò É»¾ °¿¹» ½®»¿¬»¼ô ©·¬¸ °±¬·²¹ ±º ¾¿½µ¹®±«²¼ ³¿¬»®·¿´ô ³¿°ô ¬»½¸²·½¿´ ¼±½«³»²¬ô ¿²¼ ±²ó¹±·²¹ °®±¶»½¬ «°¼¿¬»ò Ð®±¶»½¬ ©»¾·¬»æ ©©©ò»«¹»²»ó±®ò¹±ªñ©¿´²«¬ Í¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ³»»¬·²¹ò ×² îððçô ¿ ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¹®±«° ©¿ ½®»¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ·²½´«¼»¼ ®»°®»»²¬¿¬·ª» º®±³ ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ß±½·¿¬·±²ô ¬¸» Ý¸¿³¾»® ±º Ý±³³»®½»ô ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²»ò Ì¸· ¹®±«° °®±ª·¼»¼ ¿ º±®«³ ¬± ¼·½« ·«» ¿²¼ ¬± ³»¼·¿¬» ½±²½»®² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °´¿²ò Ì»½¸²·½¿´ ß¼ª·±®§ Ý±³³·¬¬»» ××ò ß ÌßÝ ©·¬¸ ®»°®»»²¬¿¬·ª» º®±³ »¿½¸ ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¹®±«°ô ·²¬»®¼»°¿®¬³»²¬¿´ Ý·¬§ ¬¿ººô ÔÌÜô ¿²¼ ÑÜÑÌ ©¿ ½®»¿¬»¼ ·² îððè ¿²¼ ³»¬ ¬¸®±«¹¸ îðïð ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ®»ª·»©·²¹ ¿²¼ »¼·¬·²¹ ¬¸» º±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» ©·¬¸ ¬¿ºº ¿²¼ ¬¸» ½±²«´¬¿²¬ò Ð«¾´·½ Ñ«¬®»¿½¸ Ûª»²¬ò Í·¨ ±°»² ¸±«» »ª»²¬ ©»®» ¸»´¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸±«¬ ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿ ¬¸®»»ó¼¿§ ¼»·¹² ½¸¿®®»¬¬»å ¿² ·²¬»®¿½¬·ª» ¿²¼ ·¬»®¿¬·ª» °®±½» ±ª»® ¬¸» ½±«®» ±º ¬¸®»» ¼¿§ ©¸»®» ¬¸» ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ©¿ º±® ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¿²¼ ½·¬·¦»² ¬± ½±³» ¬± ½±²»²« ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» ¼»·®»¼ «®¾¿² º±®³ º±® º±«® «¾¿®»¿ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ß±½·¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ß±½·¿¬·±² ½®»¿¬»¼ ¿ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² «¾½±³³·¬¬»» ©¸·½¸ ³»¬ ®»¹«´¿®´§ ¬¸®±«¹¸±«¬ ¬¸» °®±½»ò Ó»³¾»® ±º ¬¸» «¾½±³³·¬¬»» ©»®» ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¹®±«° ¿ ©»´´ò Í¬¿ºº ³»¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» «¾½±³³·¬¬»» ¿²¼ ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿±½·¿¬·±² ±² »ª»®¿´ ±½½¿·±²ò Û¿®´·»® ·² ¬¸» °®±½»ô ¬¸» ³»»¬·²¹ ©»®» º±½«»¼ ±² ¹»¬¬·²¹ º»»¼¾¿½µ ±² ½®»¿¬·²¹ ¬¸» ª··±²ò Í«¾»¯«»²¬ ³»»¬·²¹ ©»®» ¸»´¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ±² ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ¬±±´ ¿²¼ ¬± ½±²¬·²«» ¬± ®»½»·ª» º»»¼¾¿½µ ¿ ¬¸» ½±¼» ¼»ª»´±°»¼ò Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ¿²¼ Ý·¬§ Ý±«²½·´ ©±®µ »·±² ¬± ®»ª·»© °®±¶»½¬ °®±¹®»ò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ´¿²¼ «» ½±¼» ·³°´»³»²¬ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ï ¾§ ®»¯«·®·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ²±¬·½» ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¾» ¹·ª»² ¿²¼ °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ ¾» ¸»´¼ °®·±® ¬± ¿¼±°¬·±²ò Ý±²·¼»®¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¾»¹¿² ©·¬¸ ¿ Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ ±² ß°®·´ îðô îðïðò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» î ±º íî Ð®·±® ¬± ¬¸» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ô ²±¬·½» ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿½¬·±² ©¿ ³¿·´»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ô¿²¼ Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² ¿²¼ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¿ ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Ý±¼» ¿²¼ ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬» ¬¿¬«¬»ò Î»º»®®¿´ ½±²½»®²·²¹ ¬¸» °»²¼·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ©»®» ¿´± »²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ñ®»¹±² Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² øÑÜÑÌ÷ô Ý·¬§ ±º Í°®·²¹º·»´¼ô Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ô ¿²¼ ¿´´ Û«¹»²» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿±½·¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ ©¿ ²±¬·½»¼ ¿²¼ °±¬»¼ô ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ Û«¹»²» Ý±¼» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ Ý±«²½·´ ©·´´ ¬¸»² ¸±´¼ ¿ ¼«´§ ²±¬·½»¼ °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ ¬± ½±²·¼»® ¿°°®±ª¿´ô ³±¼·º·½¿¬·±²ô ±® ¼»²·¿´ ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ±®¼·²¿²½»ò Ì¸»» °®±½»» ¿ºº±®¼ ¿³°´» ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ º±® ½·¬·¦»² ·²ª±´ª»³»²¬ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Ù±¿´ ïò Ì¸» °®±½» º±® ¿¼±°¬·²¹ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ½±³°´·» ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ï ·²½» ·¬ ½±³°´·» ©·¬¸ô ¿²¼ »¨½»»¼ô Ù±¿´ î ó Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ð´¿²²·²¹æ Ì± »¬¿¾´·¸ ¿ ´¿²¼ «» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½» ¿²¼ °±´·½§ º®¿³»©±®µ ¿ ¿ ¾¿· º±® ¿´´ ¼»½··±² ¿²¼ ¿½¬·±² ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± «» ±º ´¿²¼ ¿²¼ ¬± ¿«®» ¿² ¿¼»¯«¿¬» º¿½¬«¿´ ¾¿» º±® «½¸ ¼»½··±² ¿²¼ ¿½¬·±²ò Ì¸» Û«¹»²»óÍ°®·²¹º·»´¼ Ó»¬®±°±´·¬¿² Ð´¿² øÓ»¬®± Ð´¿²÷ · ¬¸» °±´·½§ ¬±±´ ¬¸¿¬ °®±ª·¼» ¿ ¾¿· º±® ¼»½··±² ³¿µ·²¹ ·² ¬¸· ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ©¿ ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Í¬¿¬» ·² ïçèî ¬± ¾» ·² ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¿¬»©·¼» °´¿²²·²¹ ¹±¿´ò Ì¸» Û«¹»²» ´¿²¼ «» ½±¼» °»½·º·» ¬¸» °®±½»¼«®» ¿²¼ ½®·¬»®·¿ ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ¬± ¾» «»¼ ·² ½±²·¼»®·²¹ ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ½±¼»ò Ì¸» ®»½±®¼ º±® ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ·²½´«¼» «¾¬¿²¬·¿´ º¿½¬«¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿¾±«¬ ¬¸» ²¿¬«®» ±º »¨·¬·²¹ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² ¬¸» ¿ºº»½¬»¼ ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» Ù±¿´ î ½±±®¼·²¿¬·±² ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ · ³»¬ ©¸»² ¬¸» Ý·¬§ »²¹¿¹» ·² ¿² »¨½¸¿²¹»ô ±® ·²ª·¬» «½¸ ¿² »¨½¸¿²¹»ô ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ¿²¼ ¿²§ ¿ºº»½¬»¼ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬¿´ «²·¬ò Ì± ½±³°´§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ù±¿´ î ½±±®¼·²¿¬·±² ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ »²¹¿¹»¼ ·² ¿² »¨½¸¿²¹» ¿¾±«¬ ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ ±º ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¿´´ ±º ¬¸» ¿ºº»½¬»¼ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬¿´ «²·¬ò Í°»½·º·½¿´´§ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ °®±ª·¼»¼ ²±¬·½» ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿½¬·±² ¿²¼ ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ ¬± ½±³³»²¬ ¬± Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ô Í°®·²¹º·»´¼ô ¬¸» Ñ®»¹±² Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ô¿²¼ Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² ¿²¼ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ì¸»®» ¿®» ²± Ù±¿´ î »¨½»°¬·±² ®»¯«·®»¼ º±® ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ îò Ù±¿´ í ó ß¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ Ô¿²¼æ Ì± °®»»®ª» ¿²¼ ³¿·²¬¿·² ¿¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ ´¿²¼ò Ù±¿´ í · ²±¬ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿ ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬§ ¿²¼ ¿½¬·±² ¼± ²±¬ ¿ºº»½¬ ¿²§ ¿¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ±® «»ò Ù±¿´ í »¨½´«¼» ´¿²¼ ·²·¼» ¿² ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ «®¾¿² ¹®±©¬¸ ¾±«²¼¿®§ º®±³ ¬¸» ¼»º·²·¬·±² ±º ¿¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ ´¿²¼ò Í·²½» ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬§ · »²¬·®»´§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ «®¾¿² ¹®±©¬¸ ¾±«²¼¿®§ô Ù±¿´ í · ²±¬ ®»´»ª¿²¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬ ¿ºº»½¬ ¬¸ Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ íò Ù±¿´ ì ó Ú±®»¬ Ô¿²¼æ Ì± ½±²»®ª» º±®»¬ ´¿²¼ò Ù±¿´ ì · ²±¬ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿ ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬§ ¿²¼ ¿½¬·±² ¼± ²±¬ ¿ºº»½¬ ¿²§ º±®»¬ °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ±® «»ò Ù±¿´ ì ¼±» ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ©·¬¸·² «®¾¿² ¹®±©¬¸ ¾±«²¼¿®·» ¿²¼ô ¬¸»®»º±®»ô ¼±» ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ¬± ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬§ô ©¸·½¸ · ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Û«¹»²»óÍ°®·²¹º·»´¼ «®¾¿² ¹®±©¬¸ ¾±«²¼¿®§ øÑßÎ êêðóððêóððîð÷ò ²½» ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ìò Ù±¿´ ë ó Ñ°»² Í°¿½»ô Í½»²·½ ¿²¼ Ø·¬±®·½ ß®»¿ô ¿²¼ Ò¿¬«®¿´ Î»±«®½»æ Ì± ½±²»®ª» ±°»² °¿½» ¿²¼ °®±¬»½¬ ²¿¬«®¿´ ¿²¼ ½»²·½ ®»±«®½»ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» í ±º íî Ì¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¿¼³·²·¬®¿¬·ª» ®«´» øÑßÎ êêðóðîíóðîëð÷ · ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸· °±¬ó¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ øÐßÐß÷ ®»¯«»¬æ øí÷ Ô±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¿®» ²±¬ ®»¯«·®»¼ ¬± ¿°°´§ Ù±¿´ ë ·² ½±²·¼»®¿¬·±² ±º ¿ ÐßÐß «²´» ¬¸» ÐßÐß ¿ºº»½¬ ¿ Ù±¿´ ë ®»±«®½»ò Ú±® °«®°±» ±º ¬¸· »½¬·±²ô ¿ ÐßÐß ©±«´¼ ¿ºº»½¬ ¿ Ù±¿´ ë ®»±«®½» ±²´§ ·ºæ ø¿÷ Ì¸» ÐßÐß ½®»¿¬» ±® ¿³»²¼ ¿ ®»±«®½» ´·¬ ±® ¿ °±®¬·±² ±º ¿² ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ °´¿² ±® ´¿²¼ «» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿¼±°¬»¼ ·² ±®¼»® ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ Ù±¿´ ë ®»±«®½» ±® ¬± ¿¼¼®» °»½·º·½ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º Ù±¿´ ëå ø¾÷ Ì¸» ÐßÐß ¿´´±© ²»© «» ¬¸¿¬ ½±«´¼ ¾» ½±²º´·½¬·²¹ «» ©·¬¸ ¿ °¿®¬·½«´¿® ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ Ù±¿´ ë ®»±«®½» ·¬» ±² ¿² ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ®»±«®½» ´·¬å ±® ø½÷ Ì¸» ÐßÐß ¿³»²¼ ¿² ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ËÙÞ ¿²¼ º¿½¬«¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² · «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¼»³±²¬®¿¬·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ¿ ®»±«®½» ·¬»ô ±® ¬¸» ·³°¿½¬ ¿®»¿ ±º «½¸ ¿ ·¬»ô · ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¿³»²¼»¼ ËÙÞ ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ·²½´«¼» ±²» Ù±¿´ ë ®»±«®½» ·¬» ¿ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ý·¬§å ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ø®·°¿®·¿² ¿²¼ ©»¬´¿²¼ ®»±«®½» ·¬»÷ ®«² »¿¬ ¬± ©»¬ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» ²±®¬¸»®² °±®¬·±² ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±²ò Ø±©»ª»®ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬æ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ·² ±®¼»® ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ Ù±¿´ ë ®»±«®½» ±® ¬± ¿¼¼®» °»½·º·½ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º Ù±¿´ ëô ø¾÷ ¿´´±© ²»© «» ¬¸¿¬ ½±«´¼ ¾» ½±²º´·½¬·²¹ «» ©·¬¸ ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ Ù±¿´ ë ®»±«®½» ·¬»å ±® ø½÷ ¿³»²¼ ¬¸» ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ËÙÞò Ì¸» Ù±¿´ ë ³»¿«®» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ¿®» ½±²¬¿·²»¼ ·² ¬¸» ñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²»ô ©¸·½¸ ©¿ °®»ª·±«´§ ¿°°´·»¼ ¬± »ª»®¿´ ±º ¬¸» ¬¿¨ ´±¬ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬ ®»³±ª» ¬¸» ñÉÎ Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» º®±³ ¬¸±» ´±¬ ¿²¼ ¼± ²±¬ ½¸¿²¹» ¬¸» ´»ª»´ ±º °®±¬»½¬·±² ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ñÉÎ °®±ª··±² °®±ª·¼»ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ëò Ù±¿´ ê ó ß·®ô É¿¬»® ¿²¼ Ô¿²¼ Î»±«®½» Ï«¿´·¬§æ Ì± ³¿·²¬¿·² ¿²¼ ·³°®±ª» ¬¸» ¯«¿´·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ¿·®ô ©¿¬»®ô ¿²¼ ´¿²¼ ®»±«®½» ±º ¬¸» ¬¿¬»ò Ù±¿´ ê ¿¼¼®»» ©¿¬» ¿²¼ °®±½» ¼·½¸¿®¹» º®±³ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¿²¼ · ¿·³»¼ ¿¬ °®±¬»½¬·²¹ ¿·®ô ©¿¬»® ¿²¼ ´¿²¼ º®±³ ·³°¿½¬ º®±³ ¬¸±» ¼·½¸¿®¹»ò Ò±¬¸·²¹ ·² ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ ±® ¬¸» ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ±® °±¬»²¬·¿´ «» ·²¼·½¿¬» ¿ º«¬«®» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ©±«´¼ ½±³°®±³·» ¿·®ô ©¿¬»® ¿²¼ ´¿²¼ ®»±«®½»ò Ì¸» °®±°±¿´ ¼±» ²±¬ °±´·½·»ò Ú«®¬¸»®ô ¬¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±² ±º ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ±ª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± °®±°»®¬§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ º«®¬¸»® ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ °´¿²ô ¿² ¿°°®±¿½¸ ¬± ·²¬»¹®¿¬·±² ±º ´¿²¼ «» ¿²¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² °´¿²²·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ »»µ ¬± ·²½®»¿» ¬¸» «» ±º ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ô ®»¼«½» °»®ó°»®±² ª»¸·½´» ³·´» ±º ¬®¿ª»´ ¿²¼ ®»¼«½» ¼»³¿²¼ º±® ¿«¬±³±¾·´»ó®»´¿¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ò ×²½®»¿·²¹ ¬¸» «» ±º ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ©·´´ ¸»´° ¬± ·³°®±ª» ®»¹·±²¿´ ¿²¼ ´±½¿´ ¿·® ¯«¿´·¬§ò Ì¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±² ±º ¬¸» Ó·¨»¼ Ë» ß®»¿ ±ª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± °®±°»®¬§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ¿´± «°°±®¬ ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ±ª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ êò Ù±¿´ é ó ß®»¿ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± Ò¿¬«®¿´ Ü·¿¬»® ¿²¼ Ø¿¦¿®¼æ Ì± °®±¬»½¬ ´·º» ¿²¼ °®±°»®¬§ º®±³ ²¿¬«®¿´ ¼·¿¬»® ¿²¼ ¸¿¦¿®¼ò Ù±¿´ é ®»¯«·®» ¬¸¿¬ ´±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ °´¿²²·²¹ °®±¹®¿³ ·²½´«¼» °®±ª··±² ¬± °®±¬»½¬ °»±°´» ¿²¼ °®±°»®¬§ º®±³ ²¿¬«®¿´ ¸¿¦¿®¼ «½¸ ¿ º´±±¼ô ´¿²¼´·¼»ô »¿®¬¸¯«¿µ» ¿²¼ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¸¿¦¿®¼ô ¬«²¿³· ¿²¼ ©·´¼º·®»ò Ì¸· Ù±¿´ °®±¸·¾·¬ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² ²¿¬«®¿´ ¸¿¦¿®¼ ¿®»¿ ©·¬¸±«¬ ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ¿º»¹«¿®¼ò Ý±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ¹±¿´ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ¸¿ ¿¼±°¬»¼ °®±ª··±² ®»¹«´¿¬·²¹ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² º´±±¼°´¿·² ¿²¼ º´±±¼©¿§ô ¿²¼ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ½±¼» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¬¸¿¬ ¿¼¼®» ´±°» ¿²¼ »·³·½ ½±²½»®²ò Ò± °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ º¿´´ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» º´±±¼°´¿·²ò ¬± ²¿¬«®¿´ ¼·¿¬»® ¿²¼ ¸¿¦¿®¼ò Ú«®¬¸»®ô ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬ ¿´´±© º±® ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ½±«´¼ ®»«´¬ ·² ¿ ²¿¬«®¿´ ¸¿¦¿®¼ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ é ¼±» ²±¬ ¿°°´§ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ì ±º íî Ù±¿´ è ó Î»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ Ò»»¼æ Ì± ¿¬·º§ ¬¸» ®»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ ²»»¼ ±º ¬¸» ½·¬·¦»² ±º ¬¸» ¬¿¬» ¿²¼ ª··¬±® ¿²¼ô ©¸»®» ¿°°®±°®·¿¬»ô ¬± °®±ª·¼» º±® ¬¸» ·¬·²¹ ±º ²»½»¿®§ ®»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ º¿½·´·¬·» ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¼»¬·²¿¬·±² ®»±®¬ò Ù±¿´ è »²«®» ¬¸» °®±ª··±² ±º ®»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ º¿½·´·¬·» ¬± Ñ®»¹±² ½·¬·¦»² ¿²¼ · °®·³¿®·´§ ½±²½»®²»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °®±ª··±² ±º ¬¸±» º¿½·´·¬·» ·² ²±²ó«®¾¿² ¿®»¿ ±º ¬¸» ¬¿¬»ò Ì¸±«¹¸ ²±¬ ¿² ·«» «²¼»® Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ èô ·¬ · ©±®¬¸ ²±¬·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ·²½´«¼» ¬©± Ý·¬§ó±©²»¼ °¿®µ °®±°»®¬·»å ¿ ²¿®®±© ¬®·° ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ±«¬¸ ·¼» ±º ¬¸» Ó·´´ Î¿½» ¿²¼ Ú®¿²µ´·² Ð¿®µô ¿¬ ¬¸» ²±®¬¸»¿¬ »²¼ ±º ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ò Ý«®®»²¬´§ô ¬¸» °®±°»®¬·» ¿®» ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ Ñ°»² Í°¿½» ±² ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬ ·²½´«¼» ¿ ½¸¿²¹» ·² °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² º±® »·¬¸»® °®±°»®¬§ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ·²½´«¼» °®±ª··±² º±® ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ °¿®µ °®±°»®¬§ ±® ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ ²»¨¬ ¬± ¿ °¿®µ ¬¸¿¬ ³·¹¸¬ ¾» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² ¬¸» º«¬«®»ò Ì¸» °®±°±¿´ ©·´´ ²±¬ ·³°¿½¬ ¬¸» °®±ª··±² ±º °«¾´·½ ®»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ º¿½·´·¬·»ô ²±® ©·´´ ¬¸»§ ¿ºº»½¬ ¿½½» ¬± »¨·¬·²¹ ±® º«¬«®» °«¾´·½ ®»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ º¿½·´·¬·»ò Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ èò Ù±¿´ ç ó Û½±²±³·½ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬æ Ì± °®±ª·¼» ¿¼»¯«¿¬» ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» ¬¸®±«¹¸±«¬ ¬¸» ¬¿¬» º±® ¿ ª¿®·»¬§ ±º Ì¸» ß¼³·²·¬®¿¬·ª» Î«´» º±® Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ç øÑßÎ êêð Ü·ª··±² ç÷ ®»¯«·®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» Ý ¿¬ ´»¿¬ ¿² ¿¼»¯«¿¬» «°°´§ ±º ·¬» ±º «·¬¿¾´» ·¦»ô ¬§°»ô ´±½¿¬·±²ô ¿²¼ »®ª·½» ´»ª»´ º±® ¿ ª¿®·»¬§ ±º ½·¬·» ½±³°´»¬» ¿² óððçóððïëò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» Û½±²±³·½ Ñ°°±®¬«²·¬·» ß²¿´§·ô ½·¬·» ¿®» ¬± °®»°¿®» ×²¼«¬®·¿´ ¿²¼ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ð±´·½·»ò ÑßÎ êêðóððçó ððîðò Ú·²¿´´§ ÑßÎ êêðóððçóððîë ®»¯«·®» ¬¸¿¬ ½·¬·» ¼»·¹²¿¬» ·²¼«¬®·¿´ ¿²¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ´¿²¼ «ºº·½·»²¬ ¬± ³»»¬ ¸±®¬ ¿²¼ ´±²¹ ¬»®³ ²»»¼ò ÑßÎ êêðóððçóððïðøî÷ °®±ª·¼» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ¼»¬¿·´»¼ °´¿²²·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ÑßÎ êêðóððçóððïðøì÷ °®±ª·¼» ¬¸¿¬ô ©¸»² ¿ ½·¬§ ½¸¿²¹» ·¬ °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ±º ´¿²¼ ·² »¨½» ±º ¬©± ¿½®» ¬± ±® º®±³ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ±® ·²¼«¬®·¿´ «»ô °«®«¿²¬ ¬± ¿ °±¬ ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ô ·¬ ³«¬ ¿¼¼®» ¿´´ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» °´¿²²·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ¿²¼ ø¿÷ ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °¿®¬ ±º ·¬ ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ½±³°®»¸»²·ª» °´¿² ©¸·½¸ ¿¼¼®» ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º ÑßÎ êêð Ü·ª··±² çå ±® ø¾÷ ¿³»²¼ ·¬ ½±³°®»¸»²·ª» °´¿² ¬± »¨°´¿·² ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ °«®«¿²¬ ¬± ÑßÎ êêð Ü·ª··±² çå ±® ø½÷ ¿¼±°¬ ¿ ½±³¾·²¿¬·±² ±º ø¿÷ ¿²¼ ø¾÷ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º Ü·ª··±² çò ×² ¬¸» ½±²¬»¨¬ ±º ÑßÎ êêðóððçóððïðøì÷ô ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Ô¿²¼ Í¬«¼§ øÛÝÔÍ÷ · ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ º±® ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º Ù±¿´ ç ¿²¼ ·¬ ß¼³·²·¬®¿¬·ª» Î«´»ò Ì¸» ÛÝÔÍ ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² «²¼»® ÑßÎ êêð Ü·ª··±² çò É·¬¸ ¬¸» »¨½»°¬·±² ±º ïî °®±°»®¬·»ô ¿´´ ¬¸» °®±°»®¬·» ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ¿®» ½«®®»²¬´§ ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ¿ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ±² ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿²ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©·´´ ®»«´¬ ·² ®»ó ¼»·¹²¿¬·²¹ ¬»² °®±°»®¬·» º®±³ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¬± Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¿ ¼·½«»¼ º«®¬¸»® «²¼»® Ù±¿´ ïð ¾»´±©ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¬©± °®±°»®¬·» ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ¿ Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ Ñ°»² Í°¿½» ©·´´ ®»¬¿·² ¬¸¿¬ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ò ÑßÎ êêðóððçóððïðøì÷ ¬¿¬»æ øì÷Ú±® ¿ °±¬ó¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ «²¼»® ÑßÎ ½¸¿°¬»® êêðô ¼·ª··±² ïèô ¬¸¿¬ ½¸¿²¹» ¬¸» °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ±º ´¿²¼ ·² »¨½» ±º ¬©± ¿½®» ©·¬¸·² ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ «®¾¿² ¹®±©¬¸ ¾±«²¼¿®§ º®±³ ¿² ·²¼«¬®·¿´ «» ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± ¿ ²±²ó·²¼«¬®·¿´ «» ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ô ±® ¿²§ ±¬¸»® »³°´±§³»²¬ «» ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± ¿²§ ±¬¸»® «» ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ô ¿ ½·¬§ ±® ½±«²¬§ ³«¬ ¿¼¼®» ¿´´ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» °´¿²²·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ô ¿²¼æ ø¿÷ Ü»³±²¬®¿¬» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ·¬ ³±¬ ®»½»²¬ »½±²±³·½ ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» ¿²¿´§· ¿²¼ ¬¸» °¿®¬ ±º ·¬ ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ½±³°®»¸»²·ª» °´¿² ©¸·½¸ ¿¼¼®» ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º ¬¸· ¼·ª··±²å ±® ø¾÷ ß³»²¼ ·¬ ½±³°®»¸»²·ª» °´¿² ¬± ·²½±®°±®¿¬» ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º ¬¸· ¼·ª··±²å ±® ø½÷ ß¼±°¬ ¿ ½±³¾·²¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¿¾±ª»ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º ¬¸· ¼·ª··±²ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ë ±º íî Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©±«´¼ ²±¬ ½¸¿²¹» ³±®» ¬¸¿² ¬©± ¿½®» ±º ¿² »³°´±§³»²¬ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± ¿²±¬¸»® ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ô ¬¸»®»º±®» «¾»½¬·±² øì÷ ¿¾±ª» · ²±¬ ¿°°´·½¿¾´»ò Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ çò Ù±¿´ ïð ó Ø±«·²¹æ Ì± °®±ª·¼» º±® ¬¸» ¸±«·²¹ ²»»¼ ±º ¬¸» ½·¬·¦»² ±º ¬¸» ¬¿¬»ò Ù±¿´ ïð ®»¯«·®» ¬¸¿¬ ½±³³«²·¬·» °´¿² º±® ¿²¼ ³¿·²¬¿·² ¿² ·²ª»²¬±®§ ±º ¾«·´¼¿¾´» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ´¿²¼ º±® ²»»¼»¼ ¿²¼ ¼»²·¬§ ±º ²»»¼»¼ ¸±«·²¹ · ¼»¬»®³·²»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¸±«·²¹ ²»»¼ °®±¶»½¬·±²ò Í«ºº·½·»²¬ ¾«·´¼¿¾´» ´¿²¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ±² ¬¸» ½±³°®»¸»²·ª» °´¿² ³¿° ¬± ¿¬·º§ ¸±«·²¹ ²»»¼ ¾§ ¬§°» ¿²¼ ¼»²·¬§ ®¿²¹» ¿ ¼»¬»®³·²»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¸±«·²¹ ²»»¼ °®±¶»½¬·±²ò Ì¸» ´±½¿´ ¾«·´¼¿¾´» ´¿²¼ ·²ª»²¬±®§ ³«¬ ¼±½«³»²¬ ¬¸» ¿³±«²¬ ±º ¾«·´¼¿¾´» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ò Ì¸» ïççç Û«¹»²»óÍ°®·²¹º·»´¼ Ó»¬®±°±´·¬¿² ß®»¿ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ Ô¿²¼ ¿²¼ Ø±«·²¹ Í¬«¼§ øÎÔÍ÷ · ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ º±® ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º Ù±¿´ ïð ¿²¼ ·¬ ß¼³·²·¬®¿¬·ª» Î«´»ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬» ¬¸®»» °®±°»®¬·» ø¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ òë ¿½®»÷ ±º Ô±© Ü»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ øÔÜÎ÷ ¿²¼ »ª»² °®±°»®¬·» ø¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ìòè ¿½®»÷ ±º Ó»¼·«³ Ü»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ øÓÜÎ÷ ¬± Ý±³³»®½·¿´ò Ò±²» ±º ¬¸»» °®±°»®¬·» ©»®» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿ ·²ª»²¬±®·»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ïççç Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ Ô¿²¼ Í¬«¼§ò Ì± ¬¸» »¨¬»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ïççç Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ Ô¿²¼ Í¬«¼§ ®»´·»¼ ±² ·²º·´´ ¿²¼ ®»¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º °®±°»®¬·» ¬¸¿¬ ©»®» ¿´®»¿¼§ ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ º±® ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «» ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ô «¾¬¿²¬·¿´ »ª·¼»²½» ·² ¬¸» ®»½±®¼ ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ ©±«´¼ »½¬¿¬·±²ò Ý«®®»²¬´§ô ¬¸»®» ¿®» ïîç «²·¬ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ø¬¸· »¯«¿¬» ¬± ïîç «²·¬ ±² ëòêé ¿½®» ±º ®»·¼»²¬·¿´´§ «»¼ °®±°»®¬§ ·² ¬¸» ¿®»¿å ¿ ²»¬ ¼»²·¬§ ±º îîòè ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ °»® ¿½®»÷ò Ì¸» ³¿®µ»¬ ±ª»®ª·»© ®»°±®¬ º±® ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ »¬·³¿¬»¼ ¿ ®¿²¹» ±º °±¬»²¬·¿´ ¼»³¿²¼ º±® ³«´¬·óº¿³·´§ ¸±«·²¹ «²·¬ ø¿°¿®¬³»²¬ô ½±²¼±³·²·«³ô ®±©¸±«»÷ º±® ¬¸» èðó¿½®» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¿ ¾»·²¹ ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ïôððð ¬± ïôìðð «²·¬ ¾§ îðîë Õ»§ Ú·²¼·²¹ º®±³ ¬¸» Ó¿®µ»¬ Ñª»®ª·»© º±® É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ×³°´·½¿¬·±² º±® Ú«¬«®» Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ë·²¹ ¬¸»» »¬·³¿¬»ô ·¬ · ®»¿±²¿¾´» ¬± ¿«³» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ©·´´ ¼»ª»´±° ¿¬ ¿ ¼»²·¬§ ±º ïî ¬± ïé ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ °»® ¹®± ¿½®» ±® ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ïé ¬± îë ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ °»® ²»¬ ¿½®»ô ©¸·½¸ · ©·¬¸·² ³»¼·«³ ¬± ¸·¹¸ ¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ´»ª»´ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ¾¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¾±ª» ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïðò Ù±¿´ ïï ó Ð«¾´·½ Ú¿½·´·¬·» ¿²¼ Í»®ª·½»æ Ì± °´¿² ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±° ¿ ¬·³»´§ô ±®¼»®´§ ¿²¼ »ºº·½·»²¬ ¿®®¿²¹»³»²¬ ±º °«¾´·½ º¿½·´·¬·» ¿²¼ »®ª·½» ¬± »®ª» ¿ ¿ º®¿³»©±®µ º±® «®¾¿² ¿²¼ ®«®¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ì¸» ¿®»¿ ¿ºº»½¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ · ´±½¿¬»¼ »²¬·®»´§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ´·³·¬ ±º ¾±¬¸ ±º Û«¹»²»ò Ì¸» ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïïò Ù±¿´ ïî ó Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²æ Ì± °®±ª·¼» ¿²¼ »²½±«®¿¹» ¿ ¿º»ô ½±²ª»²·»²¬ ¿²¼ »½±²±³·½ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ò Ù±¿´ ïî · ·³°´»³»²¬»¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Ð´¿²²·²¹ Î«´» øÌÐÎ÷ô ¿ ¼»º·²»¼ ·² Ñ®»¹±² ß¼³·²·¬®¿¬·ª» Î«´» ÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððððô »¬ »¯ò Ì¸» Û«¹»²»óÍ°®·²¹º·»´¼ Ó»¬®±°±´·¬¿² ß®»¿ Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Ð´¿² øÌ®¿²Ð´¿²÷ °®±ª·¼» ¬¸» ®»¹·±²¿´ °±´·½§ º®¿³»©±®µ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» ÌÐÎ · ·³°´»³»²¬»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» ´±½¿´ ´»ª»´ò Ì¸» ÌÐÎ øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêð÷ ¬¿¬» ¬¸¿¬ ©¸»² ´¿²¼ «» ½¸¿²¹»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ½±³°®»¸»²·ª» °´¿²ô ·¹²·º·½¿²¬´§ ¿ºº»½¬ ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ ¬¸» ´±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¸¿´´ °«¬ ·² °´¿½» ³»¿«®» ¬± ¿«®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ¿´´±©»¼ ´¿²¼ «» ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ º«²½¬·±²ô ½¿°¿½·¬§ ¿²¼ °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ø´»ª»´ ±º »®ª·½»ô ª±´«³» ¬± ½¿°¿½·¬§ ®¿¬·±ô »¬½ò÷ ±º ¬¸» º¿½·´·¬§ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ê ±º íî Ì¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°±¿´ ½±²·¬ ±º ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ô ½±®®»°±²¼·²¹ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹»ô ¿¼±°¬·±² ±º ¿ ²»© ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¿²¼ °±´·½·» ø¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²÷ô ¿²¼ ½±¼» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ø»¨½»°¬ ©¸»² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¦±²·²¹ ±º ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬§ · ¿ º±´´±©æ Ì¿¾´» ïæ Ý«®®»²¬ ¿²¼ Ð®±°±»¼ Ü»·¹²¿¬·±²ñÆ±²·²¹ ß°°®±¨·³¿¬» Ý«®®»²¬ Ð®±°±»¼ Î»º·²»³»²¬ Ô±½¿¬·±² ¿½®»¿¹» ¬±¬¿´ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿²ñÆ±²·²¹ö Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ñ Æ±²·²¹ Ð´¿² Ý¸¿²¹» Ó±¬ ´±¬ ©·¬¸·² êçòè ¿½®» ¬±¬¿´ Ý ñ Ýóî Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ý ñ ÝóîñÉÎ Ý ñ ÍóÉÍñÉÎ Ý ñ ÝóîñÍÎ Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ð´¿²æ Î»³±ª» É¿´²«¬ Î»³¿·²·²¹ ´±¬æ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ïë¬¸ ú Ê·´´¿®¼ º®±³ Ú¿·®³±«²¬ ïéóðíóííóíî ñ ìèðð òë ¬±¬¿´ ¿½®» ÔÜÎ ñ Îóî Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ ´¿²¼ «» ñ ìéðð ÔÜÎ ñ Îóï Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ ¼·¿¹®¿³ ñ ìêðð ÔÜÎ ñ Îóï Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ ¾±«²¼¿®§ò Þ»¬©»»² Ú®¿²µ´·² ú ¬¸ ïë ßª»ò ïéóðíóííóíï ñ ïððð ìòí ¿½®» ¬±¬¿´ ÓÜÎ ñ ÐÔ Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ñ ïêðð ÓÜÎ ñ ÐÔ Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ ñ ïëðð ÓÜÎ ñ ÐÔ Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ Ð´¿²æ ñ îððð ÓÜÎ ñ ÐÔ Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ ß¼±°¬ ²»© ´¿²¼ Ñ² ïë¬¸ ßª»ò »¿¬ ±º «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Þ´ª¼ò ©·¬¸ É¿´²«¬ ïéóðíóííóíï ñ ïéðð ðòë ¿½®» ¬±¬¿´ ÓÜÎ ñ Îóï Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ñ ïèðð ÓÜÎ ñ Îóï Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ ¼»´·²»¿¬»¼ ¿ ñ ïçðð ÓÜÎ ñ Îóï Ý ñ ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Þ»¬©»»² Ú®¿²µ´·² ú Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Æ±²»ò Î·ª»® ìòë ¿½®» ¬±¬¿´ ïéóðíóííóíï ñ ïðð ÐÑÍ ñ ×óíñÉÎ ÐÑÍ ñ ÍóÉÍ ïéóðíóííóíîñïðïðð ÐÑÍñÝóî ÐÑÍ ñ ÍóÉÍ Ñ² Ú®¿²µ´·² »¿¬ ±º Ñ²§¨ô ±«¬¸ ±º Ó·´´®¿½» ïòï ¿½®» ¬±¬¿´ ïéóðíóíîóïìñ ïèðð Ý ñ ÍóÎÐñÉÎ Ýñ ÍóÉÍñÉÎ ñ îððð Ý ñ ÍóÎÐñÉÎ Ý ñ ÍóÉÍñÉÎ ø°¿®¬·¿´÷ ñîïðð Ý ñ ÍóÎÐñÉÎ Ý ñ ÍóÉÍñÉÎ ø°¿®¬·¿´÷ ö Ì¸» µ»§ ¬± ¬¸» °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¦±²·²¹ ¼»º·²·¬·±² · °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² Û¨¸·¾·¬ ß ¬± ¬¸» ±®¼·²¿²½»ò ßò×³°¿½¬»¼ñß²¿´§¦»¼ Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Ú¿½·´·¬·»æ Ì¸» Ý·¬§ ½±²«´¬»¼ ©·¬¸ Ñ®»¹±² Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² øÑÜÑÌ÷ ¬¿ºº ¬± ¼»¬»®³·²» ¬¸» ½±°» ±º ¬¸» ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ¿²¿´§·ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸¿¬ ½±²«´¬¿¬·±²ô ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·» ©»®» ¼»¬»®³·²»¼ ¬± ¾» °±¬»²¬·¿´´§ ·³°¿½¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬æ Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» é ±º íî Ì¿¾´» îæ Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Ú¿½·´·¬·» Ô±½¿¬·±² Ý´¿·º·½¿¬·±² Ö«®·¼·½¬·±² Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à Ñ²§¨ Í¬®»»¬ Ó¿¶±® ß®¬»®·¿´ñÔ±½¿´ Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à ß¹¿¬» Í¬®»»¬ Ó¿¶±® ß®¬»®·¿´ñÓ·²±® ß®¬»®·¿´ Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à ïí¬¸ñÓ± Í¬ò Ó¿¶±® ß®¬»®·¿´ñÔ±½¿´ Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à Ê·´´¿®¼ Í¬®»»¬ Ó¿¶±® ß®¬»®·¿´ñÔ±½¿´ Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à Ñ®½¸¿®¼ Í¬®»»¬ Ó¿¶±® ß®¬»®·¿´ñÔ±½¿´ Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à É¿´²«¬ Í¬®»»¬ Ó¿¶±® ß®¬»®·¿´ñÔ±½¿´ Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²»ñÑÜÑÌ ×² ¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± »ª¿´«¿¬·²¹ ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» »¨·¬·²¹ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ¿´± ®»ª·»©»¼ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² °´¿² ¬± ¼»¬»®³·²» ©¸»¬¸»® ¿²§ °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·» ½±«´¼ ¾» ·³°¿½¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ò Ì¸»®» ¿®» ²± °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ô ¿ ¬¸¿¬ ¬»®³ · ¼»º·²»¼ ¾§ ÑßÎ êêðó ðïîóððêðøì÷ô ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ¾» ·³°¿½¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ò ÞòÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷æ Ì¸» ÌÐÎ ®»¯«·®» ¿ ¼»¬»®³·²¿¬·±² ±º ©¸·½¸ »¨·¬·²¹ ¿²¼ °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·» ©·´´ »¨°»®·»²½» ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ »ºº»½¬ ¿ ¿ ®»«´¬ ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ô ¿²¼ ¼»º·²» ©¸¿¬ ½±²¬·¬«¬» ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ »ºº»½¬ò Ú±® »¨¿³°´»ô ¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©·´´ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬´§ ¿ºº»½¬ ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ ·ºô ¿¬ ¬¸» »²¼ ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °»®·±¼ô ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©·´´ ®»¼«½» ¬¸» °»®º±®³¿²½» ±º ¿ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ ¾»´±© ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ±® ©·´´ ©±®»² ¬¸» °»®º±®³¿²½» ±º ¿ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ ¬¸¿¬ · ±¬¸»®©·» °®±¶»½¬»¼ ¬± °»®º±®³ ¾»´±© ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ øÑßÎ êêðóðïîó ððêðøï÷ø½÷øÞ÷ ¿²¼ øÝ÷÷ò ×² ¼»¬»®³·²·²¹ ©¸»¬¸»® ¬¸»®» · ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ »ºº»½¬ô ¹»²»®¿´´§ô Ô»ª»´ ±º Í»®ª·½» øÔÑÍ÷ Ü · ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ º±® Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²»ò Ý»²¬®¿´ ß®»¿ Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Í¬«¼§ øÝßÌÍ÷ô ÔÑÍ Û · ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ º±® ·¹²¿´·¦»¼ ·²¬»®»½¬·±²ò ß ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² Ì®¿²Ð´¿²ô ÔÑÍ ß ®»°®»»²¬ ¬¸» ´»¿¬ ½±²¹»¬»¼ ½±²¼·¬·±² ¿²¼ ÔÑÍ Ú ¬¸» ³±¬ ½±²¹»¬»¼ò Ð»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ º®±³ ¬¸» Ñ®»¹±² Ø·¹¸©¿§ Ð´¿² øÑØÐ÷ ¿®» ¿°°´·»¼ ¬± ¬¿¬» º¿½·´·¬·» ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ´±½¿¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» Û«¹»²»óÍ°®·²¹º·»´¼ ³»¬®±°±´·¬¿² ¿®»¿ò Ú±® ¬¿¬» º¿½·´·¬·» ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ²±¬ ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ º®»·¹¸¬ ®±«¬»ô ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ °»½·º·»¼ ·² ¬¸» ÑØÐ · ¿ ª±´«³» ¬± ½¿°¿½·¬§ ®¿¬·± øªñ½÷ ¬¸¿¬ ¼±» ²±¬ »¨½»»¼ ðòèë ¿¬ ·¹²¿´·¦»¼ ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ¿²¼ ªñ½ ïòð ¿¬ «²·¹²¿´·¦»¼ ·²¬»®»½¬·±²ò ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ °´¿² øÌ®¿²Ð´¿²÷ô ±® îðïëò É¸»² ¿ ¬¿¬» º¿½·´·¬§ · ·³°¿½¬»¼ô ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ ¸±®·¦±² · ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °»®·±¼ ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ´±½¿´ ±® ®»¹·±²¿´ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ °´¿² ø·ò»ò ô Ì®¿²Ð´¿²ô îðïë÷ ±® º·º¬»»² §»¿® º®±³ ¬¸» ¼¿¬» ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ô ø·ò»ò ô ïë §»¿® º®±³ îðïð · îðîë÷ô ©¸·½¸»ª»® · ´¿¬»®ò Þ»½¿«» îðîë · ´¿¬»® ¬¸¿² îðïëô ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ ¸±®·¦±² º±® ¬¿¬» º¿½·´·¬§ °«®°±» · îðîëò ïòÓ»¬®± Ð´¿²ñ Î»º·²»³»²¬ Ü»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ Æ±²» Ý¸¿²¹» Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ´¿²¼ «» ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ¼± ²±¬ ½¸¿²¹» ¬¸» º«²½¬·±²¿´ ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² ±º ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø¿÷÷ô ½¸¿²¹» ¬¸» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ·³°´»³»²¬·²¹ ¿ º«²½¬·±²¿´ ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² §¬»³ øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø¾÷÷ô ±®ô ¿ ³»¿«®»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» »²¼ ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °»®·±¼ ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² Ì®¿²Ð´¿²ô ¿´´±© ´¿²¼ «» ±® ´»ª»´ ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ©±«´¼ ®»«´¬ ·² ¬§°» ±® ´»ª»´ ±º ¬®¿ª»´ ±® ¿½½» ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ·²½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» º«²½¬·±²¿´ ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² ±º ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø½÷øß÷÷ ±® ®»¼«½» ¬¸» °»®º±®³¿²½» ±º ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ ¾»´±© ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² Ì®¿²Ð´¿² Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» è ±º íî øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø½÷øÞ÷÷ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ©·´´ô ¸±©»ª»®ô ©±®»² ¬¸» °»®º±®³¿²½» ±º ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ ¬¸¿¬ · ±¬¸»®©·» °®±¶»½¬»¼ ¬± °»®º±®³¿²½» ¾»´±© ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² Ì®¿²Ð´¿² øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø½÷øÝ÷÷ò ß ¸±©² ·² Ì¿¾´» íô ¾»´±©ô ¿ ¿ ®»«´¬ ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ô ±²» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² øÚ®¿²µ´·²ñÉ¿´²«¬÷ ©·´´ ¾» ·¹²·º·½¿²¬´§ ¿ºº»½¬»¼ô ¿ ¬¸¿¬ ¬»®³ · ¼»º·²»¼ ¾§ ÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø½÷øÝ÷ò Ì¿¾´» íæ Î»¿±²¿¾´» É±®¬ Ý¿» Í½»²¿®·± ·² îðîë É·¬¸ Ý«®®»²¬ É·¬¸ Ð®±°±»¼ Ý·¬§ ÑÜÑÌ Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Ú¿½·´·¬§ Æ±²·²¹ñÜ»·¹²¿¬·±² Æ±²·²¹ñÜ»·¹²¿¬·±² Í¬¿²¼¿®¼ Í¬¿²¼¿®¼ ÔÑÍ ªñ½ ÔÑÍ ªñ½ ÔÑÍ ªñ½ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à Ñ²§¨ Í¬®»»¬ ÞóÝ Òñß ÞóÝ Òñß ÔÑÍ Û Òñß Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à ß¹¿¬» Í¬®»»¬ ÝóÜ Òñß ÜóÛ Òñß ÔÑÍ Û Òñß ïí¬¸ ßª»²«»ñ Ó± Í¬®»»¬ à Ú®¿²µ´·² ß Òñß Þ Òñß ÔÑÍ Û Òñß Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à Ê·´´¿®¼ Í¬®»»¬ ÝóÜ Òñß ÜóÛ Òñß ÔÑÍ Û Òñß Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à Ñ®½¸¿®¼ Í¬®»»¬ ß Òñß Þ Òñß ÔÑÍ Û Òñß Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ à É¿´²«¬ Í¬®»»¬ ÞóÝ ðòèê ÝóÜ ðòèé ÔÑÍ Û ðòèë ªñ½ ×² ¬¸» ¿¾±ª»ó¬¿¾´»ô ¬¸» ®»¿±²¿¾´» ©±®¬ó½¿» ½»²¿®·± º±® ¬¸» §»¿® îðîë º±® ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¦±²» ¿²¿´§¦» ¬¸» º«²½¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·³°¿½¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·» ¬¿µ·²¹ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¼·ºº»®»²¬ ¦±²»ò ×² ¬¸» ¿¾±ª»ó¬¿¾´»ô ¬¸» îðîë ®»¿±²¿¾´» ©±®¬ó½¿» ½»²¿®·± º±® ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¦±²» ¿²¿´§¦» ¬¸» º«²½¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·³°¿½¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·» ·º ¿´´ ±º ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬§ ©»®» Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ø©·¬¸ ¬¸» »¨½»°¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¬©± °¿®µ ±©²»¼ °®±°»®¬·»÷ ¿²¼ ¦±²»¼ ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ò îòÝ±¼» ß³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ Î»º·²»³»²¬ Ð´¿² ß¼±°¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¬»¨¬ ¿²¼ ½±¼» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©·´´ ²±¬ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬´§ ¿ºº»½¬ ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ô ¿ ¬¸¿¬ ¬»®³ · ¼»º·²»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ÌÐÎò Í°»½·º·½¿´´§ô ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬ ½¸¿²¹» ¬¸» º«²½¬·±²¿´ ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² ±º ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ øÑßÎ êêðóðïîó ððêðøï÷ø¿÷÷ô ½¸¿²¹» ¬¸» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ·³°´»³»²¬·²¹ ¿ º«²½¬·±²¿´ ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² §¬»³ øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø¾÷÷ô ±®ô ¿ ³»¿«®»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» »²¼ ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °»®·±¼ ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² Ì®¿²Ð´¿²ô ¿´´±© ´¿²¼ «» ±® ´»ª»´ ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ©±«´¼ ®»«´¬ ·² ¬§°» ±® ´»ª»´ ±º ¬®¿ª»´ ±® ¿½½» ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ·²½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» º«²½¬·±²¿´ ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² ±º ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø½÷øß÷ô ®»¼«½» ¬¸» °»®º±®³¿²½» ±º ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ ¾»´±© ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² Ì®¿²Ð´¿² øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø½÷øÞ÷÷ ±® ©±®»² ¬¸» °»®º±®³¿²½» ±º ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ ¬¸¿¬ · ±¬¸»®©·» °®±¶»½¬»¼ ¬± °»®º±®³¿²½» ¾»´±© ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² Ì®¿²Ð´¿² øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ø½÷øÝ÷÷ò Ú«®¬¸»®ô ²±²» ±º ¬¸» ½±¼» °®±ª··±² ¾»·²¹ ¿³»²¼»¼ ©»®» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¬± ·³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» ÌÐÎò Ûª»² ·º ±²» ±® ³±®» ±º ¬¸» ¿³»²¼»¼ ½±¼» °®±ª··±² ¸¿¼ ¾»»² ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¬± ·³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» ÌÐÎô ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ÌÐÎ ¿²¼ ©·´´ ²±¬ ®»²¼»® ¿²§ ±º ¬¸» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ½±¼» °®±ª··±² ·²½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ÌÐÎò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¬»¨¬ ¿²¼ ½±¼» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ô ¬¸»§ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Ù±¿´ ïî ¿²¼ ²± º«®¬¸»® ¿²¿´§· · ²»»¼»¼ò ÝòÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøî÷æ Ð«®«¿²¬ ¬± ÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøî÷ô ©¸»² ¿ ´±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¼»¬»®³·²» ¬¸¿¬ ¿ °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©±«´¼ Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ç ±º íî ·¹²·º·½¿²¬´§ ¿ºº»½¬ ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ô ¬¸» ´±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ³«¬ °«¬ ·² °´¿½» ³»¿«®» ¿ °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² ÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøî÷ ¬± ¿«®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ¿´´±©»¼ ´¿²¼ «» ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ º«²½¬·±²ô ½¿°¿½·¬§ ¿²¼ °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ø´»ª»´ ±º »®ª·½»ô ª±´«³» ¬± ½¿°¿½·¬§ ®¿¬·±ô »¬½ò÷ ±º ¬¸» º¿½·´·¬§ò Ñ²» ³»¬¸±¼ ±º °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¬¸» ¿«®¿²½» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾§ ÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøï÷ · ¬¿¬»¼ ·² ÑßÎ êêðóðïîó ððêðøî÷ø»÷ò Ì¸¿¬ ÌÐÎ °®±ª··±² °®±ª·¼»æ ø»÷ Ð®±ª·¼·²¹ ±¬¸»® ³»¿«®» ¿ ¿ ½±²¼·¬·±² ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±® ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿¹®»»³»²¬ ±® ·³·´¿® º«²¼·²¹ ³»¬¸±¼ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ³»¿«®»ô ¼»³¿²¼ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ±® ³·²±® ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ò Ô±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ¿ °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ °»½·º§ ©¸»² ³»¿«®» ±® ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ °®±ª·¼»¼ °«®«¿²¬ ¬± ¬¸· «¾»½¬·±² ©·´´ ¾» °®±ª·¼»¼ò Ì± ³·¬·¹¿¬» ¬¸» ·³°¿½¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¦±²·²¹ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©·´´ ¸¿ª» ±² ¬¸» Ú®¿²µ´·²ñÉ¿´²«¬ ·²¬»®»½¬·±²ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ©·´´ ½±²¬®«½¬ ¿ »¬ ±º «°¬®»¿³ ø»¿¬ ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬®»»¬÷ ¬®¿ºº·½ ·¹²¿´ º±® ©»¬¾±«²¼ ³±ª»³»²¬ ±² ¬¸» ¬©± ´¿²» º®±³ ¾±¬¸ ¬¸» ×óë ²±®¬¸¾±«²¼ ±ººó ®¿³° ¿²¼ Î·ª»®ª·»© ´±½¿´ ¿½½» ½±²²»½¬·±²ô ¿ ©»´´ ¿ ¬¸» ¬©± ´¿²» º®±³ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ º®±³ ¬¸» »¿¬ øÙ´»²©±±¼ ¿²¼ Í°®·²¹º·»´¼ ¿®»¿÷ò Ì¸· °®±°±»¼ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ³»¿«®» · ¿ ³·²±® ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ø¿ ¬¸¿¬ ¬»®³ · ¼»º·²»¼ ¾§ ÑßÎ êêðóðïîóðððëøïë÷÷ ¿²¼ · °»½·º·½¿´´§ ¼»½®·¾»¼ ¿ º±´´±©æ Ý±²¬®«½¬ ¬©± »¬ ±º ¬®¿ºº·½ ·¹²¿´ ¸»¿¼ ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ·¨ ¸«²¼®»¼ øêðð÷ º»»¬ »¿¬ ±º ¬¸» Ú®¿²µ´·²ñÉ¿´²«¬ ·²¬»®»½¬·±² °®±¹®¿³³»¼ º±® ¼·®»½¬·±² »°¿®¿¬·±² ø°´·¬ó°¸¿»¼÷ ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» ¬©± ´¿²» º®±³ Ú®¿²µ´·² ¬± ¬¸» »¿¬ ¿²¼ ¬©± ´¿²» º®±³ ¬¸» ²±®¬¸¾±«²¼ ×²¬»®¬¿¬» ë ±ººó ®¿³° ¬± ©»¬¾±«²¼ Ú®¿²µ´·² øÒÞ Ø©§ò çç÷ô ©¸·½¸ ·²½´«¼» ¬¸» ´±½¿´ ½±²²»½¬·±² º®±³ Î·ª»®ª·»© Í¬®»»¬ò Ì¸» ±°»®¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸· º¿½·´·¬§ ©±«´¼ »´·³·²¿¬» ¬¸» ·²·¼» ³»®¹» øº®±³ º±«® ´¿²» ·²¬± ¬¸®»»÷ ¿²¼ ·³°´·º§ ¬¸» ¼±©²¬®»¿³ ¼·ª»®¹»ñ©»¿ª» »½¬·±² ±² ¬¸» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ¿°°®±¿½¸ ¬± É¿´²«¬ Í¬®»»¬ò ÑÜÑÌ ¸¿ ¹·ª»² °®»´·³·²¿®§ ½±²½«®®»²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿¾±ª»ó¼»½®·¾»¼ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ³»¿«®»ò Ø±©»ª»®ô ÑÜÑÌ ²±¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ½±²¬®«½¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¬®¿ºº·½ ·¹²¿´ ©±«´¼ «´¬·³¿¬»´§ ®»¯«·®» ¿°°®±ª¿´ º®±³ ¬¸» Í¬¿¬» Ì®¿ºº·½ Û²¹·²»»®ò ß ¸±©² ·² ¬¸» ¬¿¾´» ¾»´±©ô ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ³»¿«®» ©·´´ ¿«®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ·¹²·º·½¿²¬´§ ¿ºº»½¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬§ øÉ¿´²«¬ Í¬®»»¬ñÚ®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ·²¬»®»½¬·±²÷ ©·´´ º«²½¬·±² ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ º«²½¬·±²ô ½¿°¿½·¬§ ¿²¼ °»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ±º ¬¸¿¬ º¿½·´·¬§ô ·ò»òô ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ©·´´ °»®º±®³ ¿¬ ðòèë ªñ½ ±® ¾»¬¬»®ò Ì¿¾´» ìæ Ð»®º±®³¿²½» îðîë ©·¬¸ °®±°±»¼ °´¿² îðîë ©·¬¸ °®±°±»¼ °´¿² Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Ú¿½·´·¬§ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ñ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ñ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ©·¬¸±«¬ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ³»¿«®» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ´ª¼ò à É¿´²«¬ Í¬®»»¬ ðòèé ªñ½ øÐÓ÷ ðòéê ªñ½ øÐÓ÷ ÔÑÍ ÝóÜ øÐÓ÷ ÔÑÍ Þ øÐÓ÷ ×² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêðøî÷ø»÷ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ °»½·º·» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ³»¿«®» ¼»½®·¾»¼ ¿¾±ª» ©·´´ ¾» °®±ª·¼»¼ °®·±® ¬± ¬¸» ×³°®±ª»³»²¬ Ð®±¹®¿³ øÝ×Ð÷ ¿¬ ¬¸» ²»¨¬ «°¼¿¬» øîðïï÷ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ »¬ º±®¬¸ ¿¾±ª»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ³»¿«®»ô ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïîò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïð ±º íî Ù±¿´ ïí ó Û²»®¹§ Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±²æ Ì± ½±²»®ª» »²»®¹§ò Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïí ½¿´´ º±® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ´±½¿´ »²»®¹§ °±´·½·» ¿²¼ ·³°´»³»²¬·²¹ °®±ª··±² ¿²¼ ¼±» ²±¬ ¬¿¬» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ®»°»½¬ ¬± ±¬¸»® ¬§°» ±º ´¿²¼ «» ¼»½··±²ò ×¬ · ²±¬ ½´»¿® ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ¹±¿´ ¸¿ ¿²§ ¾»¿®·²¹ ±² ¿ ¼»½··±² «½¸ ¿ ¬¸» ±²» ¿¬ ·«»ò Ì¸»®» · ²± ·³°´»³»²¬·²¹ ®«´» ¬¸¿¬ ½´¿®·º·» ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º Ù±¿´ ïíò Ì± ¬¸» »¨¬»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ Ù±¿´ ïí ½±«´¼ ¾» ¿°°´·»¼ ¬± ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Ù±¿´ ïí ²±¬¸·²¹ ·² ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ ±® ¬¸» ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ±® °±¬»²¬·¿´ «» ·²¼·½¿¬» ¿ º«¬«®» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ©±«´¼ ½±³°®±³·» ½±²»®ª¿¬·±² ±º »²»®¹§ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¾±ª»ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïíò Ù±¿´ ïì ó Ë®¾¿²·¦¿¬·±²æ Ì± °®±ª·¼» º±® ¿² ±®¼»®´§ ¿²¼ »ºº·½·»²¬ ¬®¿²·¬·±² º®±³ ®«®¿´ ¬± «®¾¿² ´¿²¼ «»ò Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬ ¿ºº»½¬ ¬¸» ¬®¿²·¬·±² º®±³ ®«®¿´ ¬± «®¾¿² ´¿²¼ «»ô ¿ ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ · ½»²¬®¿´´§ ´±½¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ · »²¬·®»´§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Û«¹»²»óÍ°®·²¹º·»´¼ ËÙÞò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïì ¼±» ²±¬ ¿°°´§ò Ù±¿´ ïë ó É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§æ Ì± °®±¬»½¬ô ½±²»®ª»ô »²¸¿²½» ¿²¼ ³¿·²¬¿·² ¬¸» ²¿¬«®¿´ô ½»²·½ô ¸·¬±®·½¿´ô ¿¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ô »½±²±³·½ ¿²¼ ®»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ ¯«¿´·¬·» ±º ´¿²¼ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® ¿ ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§ò Ì¸» ¿®»¿ ²±®¬¸ ±º ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ¿²¼ Ú®¿²µ´·² Ð¿®µ ¿®» ¬¸» ±²´§ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¾±«²¼¿®·» ±º ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§ò Ì¸» °®±°±¿´ ©·´´ ²±¬ ¿³»²¼ ±® ±¬¸»®©·» ½±²º´·½¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ É·´´¿³»¬¬» Ù®»»²©¿§ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ¹±¿´å ¬¸»®»º±®» Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïë · ²±¬ ¿°°´·½¿¾´»ò Ù±¿´ ïê ¬¸®±«¹¸ ïç ó Û¬«¿®·²» Î»±«®½»ô Ý±¿¬¿´ Í¸±®»´¿²¼ô Þ»¿½¸» ¿²¼ Ü«²»ô ¿²¼ Ñ½»¿² Î»±«®½»æ Ì¸»®» ¿®» ²± ½±¿¬¿´ô ±½»¿²ô »¬«¿®·²»ô ±® ¾»¿½¸ ¿²¼ ¼«²» ®»±«®½» ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ ¿ºº»½¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ¬¸»» ¹±¿´ ¿®» ²±¬ ®»´»ª¿²¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©·´´ ²±¬ ¿ºº»½¬ ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïê ¬¸®±«¹¸ ïçò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ò ø¾÷ ß¼±°¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ³«¬ ²±¬ ³¿µ» ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ·²¬»®²¿´´§ ·²½±²·¬»²¬ò ß º±«²¼ ¾»´±©ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ ©·´´ ²±¬ ½®»¿¬» ¿² ·²¬»®²¿´ ½±²º´·½¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»³¿·²¼»® ±º ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿²ò ß´´ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² °±´·½·» ©»®» »ª¿´«¿¬»¼ ·² ®»´¿¬·±² ¬± ¬¸»·® ¿°°´·½¿¾·´·¬§ ¬± ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² °±´·½» ©»®» º±«²¼ ¬± ¾» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸· ®»¯«»¬æ Ýò Ù®±©¬¸ Ó¿²¿¹»³»²¬ Ù±¿´ô Ú·²¼·²¹ô ¿²¼ Ð±´·½·» Ýò îí Î»¹«´¿¬±®§ ¿²¼ º·½¿´ ·²½»²¬·ª» ¬¸¿¬ ¼·®»½¬ ¬¸» ¹»±¹®¿°¸·½ ¿´´±½¿¬·±² ±º ¹®±©¬¸ ¿²¼ ¼»²·¬§ ¿½½±®¼·²¹ ¬± ¿¼±°¬»¼ °´¿² ¿²¼ °±´·½·» ¸¿´´ ¾» »¨¿³·²»¼ ¿²¼ô ©¸»² °®¿½¬·½¿´ô ¿¼±°¬»¼ò Ýò îì Ì± ¿½½±³°´·¸ ¬¸» Ú«²¼¿³»²¬¿´ Ð®·²½·°´» ±º ½±³°¿½¬ «®¾¿² ¹®±©¬¸ ¿¼¼®»»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¬»¨¬ ¿²¼ ±² ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² Ü·¿¹®¿³ô ±ª»®¿´´ ³»¬®±°±´·¬¿²ó©·¼» ¼»²·¬§ ±º ²»© ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ½±²¬®«½¬·±²ô ¾«¬ ²±¬ ²»½»¿®·´§ »¿½¸ °®±¶»½¬ô ¸¿´´ ¿ª»®¿¹» ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ·¨ ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ °»® ¹®± ¿½®» ±ª»® ¬¸» Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïï ±º íî °´¿²²·²¹ °»®·±¼ò ß¼±°¬·±² ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ô °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» ·²½´«¼» °®±ª··±² ¬± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ¹®±©¬¸ ·² ¬¸· ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» °®±ª··±² ¿®» ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± ³¿µ» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ »¿·»® ·² ¬¸· ³·¨»¼ «» ¿®»¿ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò ßò Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ Ô¿²¼ Ë» ¿²¼ Ø±«·²¹ Û´»³»²¬ ßòî Î»·¼»²¬·¿´´§ ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ´¿²¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ËÙÞ ¸±«´¼ ¾» ¦±²»¼ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» °´¿² ¿²¼ °±´·½·»å ¸±©»ª»®ô »¨·¬·²¹ ¿¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ ¦±²·²¹ ³¿§ ¾» ½±²¬·²«»¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» ½·¬§ ´·³·¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ËÙÞ «²¬·´ ®»¦±²»¼ º±® «®¾¿² «»ò ß °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸· ¿½¬·±²ô ¬»² ®»·¼»²¬·¿´´§ ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ °®±°»®¬·» ©·´´ ¾» ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ¬± Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¿²¼ ®»ó¦±²»¼ ¬± ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ò Î»ó¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´´§ ¦±²»¼ °®±°»®¬§ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ Ô¿²¼ Í¬«¼§ô ¿ º±«²¼ «²¼»® Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïð ¿¾±ª»ô ©¸·½¸ · ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ò ßòïð Ð®±³±¬» ¸·¹¸»® ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»²·¬§ ·²·¼» ¬¸» ËÙÞ ¬¸¿¬ «¬·´·¦» »¨·¬·²¹ ·²º®¿¬®«½¬«®»ô ·³°®±ª» ¬¸» »ºº·½·»²½§ ±º °«¾´·½ »®ª·½» ¿²¼ º¿½·´·¬·»ô ¿²¼ ½±²»®ª» ®«®¿´ ®»±«®½» ´¿²¼ ±«¬·¼» ¬¸» ËÙÞò ßòïï Ù»²»®¿´´§ ´±½¿¬» ¸·¹¸»® ¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ²»¿® »³°´±§³»²¬ ±® ½±³³»®½·¿´ »®ª·½»ô ·² °®±¨·³·¬§ ¬± ³¿¶±® ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ ±® ©·¬¸·² ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ó»ºº·½·»²¬ ²±¼»ò ßòïî Ý±±®¼·²¿¬» ¸·¹¸»® ¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °®±ª··±² ±º ¿¼»¯«¿¬» ·²º®¿¬®«½¬«®» ¿²¼ »®ª·½»ô ±°»² °¿½»ô ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® «®¾¿² ¿³»²·¬·»ò ßòïí ×²½®»¿» ±ª»®¿´´ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»²·¬§ ·² ¬¸» ³»¬®±°±´·¬¿² ¿®»¿ ¾§ ½®»¿¬·²¹ ³±®» ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» º±® »ºº»½¬·ª»´§ ¼»·¹²»¼ ·²óº·´´ô ®»¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¿²¼ ³·¨»¼ «» ©¸·´» ½±²·¼»®·²¹ ·³°¿½¬ ±º ·²½®»¿»¼ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»²·¬§ ±² ¸·¬±®·½ô »¨·¬·²¹ ¿²¼ º«¬«®» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò ßòïì Î»ª·»© ´±½¿´ ¦±²·²¹ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² °»®·±¼·½¿´´§ ¬± ®»³±ª» ¾¿®®·»® ¬± ¸·¹¸»® ¼»²·¬§ ¸±«·²¹ ¿²¼ ¬± ³¿µ» °®±ª··±² º±® ¿ º«´´ ®¿²¹» ±º ¸±«·²¹ ±°¬·±²ò ßòïë Ü»ª»´±° ¿ ©·¼»® ®¿²¹» ±º ¦±²·²¹ ±°¬·±² «½¸ ¿ ²»© ¦±²·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ô ¬± º«´´§ «¬·´·¦» »¨·¬·²¹ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼»²·¬§ ®¿²¹»ò ßòïê ß´´±© º±® ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¦±²·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ ©¸·½¸ ¿´´±© ±ª»®´¿° ±º ¬¸» »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼»²·¬§ ®¿²¹» ¬± °®±³±¬» ¸±«·²¹ ½¸±·½» ¿²¼ ®»«´¬ ·² »·¬¸»® ³¿·²¬¿·²·²¹ ±® ·²½®»¿·²¹ ¸±«·²¹ ¼»²·¬§ ·² ¬¸±» ¼·¬®·½¬ò Ë²¼»® ²± ½·®½«³¬¿²½»ô ¸¿´´ ¸±«·²¹ ¼»²·¬·» ¾» ¿´´±©»¼ ¾»´±© »¨·¬·²¹ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼»²·¬§ ®¿²¹»ò ßòïé Ð®±ª·¼» ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» º±® ¿ º«´´ ®¿²¹» ±º ½¸±·½» ·² ¸±«·²¹ ¬§°»ô ¼»²·¬§ô ·¦»ô ½±¬ô ¿²¼ ´±½¿¬·±²ò ßòïè Û²½±«®¿¹» ¿ ³·¨ ±º ¬®«½¬«®» ¬§°» ¿²¼ ¼»²·¬·» ©·¬¸·² ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¾§ ®»ª·»©·²¹ ¿²¼ô ·º ²»½»¿®§ô ¿³»²¼·²¹ ´±½¿´ ¦±²·²¹ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ò ßòîî Û¨°¿²¼ ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» º±® ¿ ³·¨ ±º «» ·² ²»©´§ ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ »¨·¬·²¹ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ´±½¿´ ¦±²·²¹ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» °±´·½·»ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ô °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïî ±º íî ·²½´«¼» °®±ª··±² ¬¸¿¬ ¸»´° ³¿µ» ¿ ª¿®·»¬§ ±º ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬§°» »¿·»® ¬± »¬¿¾´·¸ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ò ß °®»ª·±«´§ ¬¿¬»¼ô ¬¸» ³¿®µ»¬ ±ª»®ª·»© ®»°±®¬ º±® É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ »¬·³¿¬»¼ ¿ ®¿²¹» ±º °±¬»²¬·¿´ ¼»³¿²¼ º±® ³«´¬·óº¿³·´§ ¸±«·²¹ «²·¬ ø¿°¿®¬³»²¬ô ½±²¼±³·²·«³ô ®±©¸±«»÷ º±® ¬¸» ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ èðó¿½®» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¿ ¾»·²¹ ¿¾±«¬ ïôððð ¬± ïôìðð «²·¬ ¾§ îðîë øÍ¬®¿¬»¹·½Û½±²±³·½ô Ö¿²«¿®§ îððê÷ò Ë·²¹ ¬¸»» »¬·³¿¬»ô ·¬ · ®»¿±²¿¾´» ¬± ¿«³» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ©·´´ ¼»ª»´±° ¿¬ ¿ ¼»²·¬§ ±º ïîòë ¬± ïéòë ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ °»® ¹®± ¿½®» ±® ïéòè ¬± îë ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ °»® ²»¬ ¿½®» ©¸·½¸ · ©·¬¸·² ³»¼·«³ ¬± ¸·¹¸ ¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ´»ª»´ò Ì¸» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² «°°±®¬ ¿ ³·¨»¼ «» ½»²¬»® ½±²½»°¬ ¬¸¿¬ «» ´¿²¼ ³±®» »ºº·½·»²¬ ¾§ »¬¿¾´·¸·²¹ ¬¸» ½»²¬»® ²»¿® »¨·¬·²¹ «» ¬± «°°±®¬ ·¬ ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±²ô »¨·¬·²¹ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ô ¿²¼ ³¿¶±® »¨·¬·²¹ ¿²¼ °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò ßòîí Î»¼«½» ·³°¿½¬ ±º ¸·¹¸»® ¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¿²¼ ³·¨»¼ó«» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±² «®®±«²¼·²¹ «» ¾§ ½±²·¼»®·²¹ ·¬»ô ´¿²¼½¿°»ô ¿²¼ ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ ¼»·¹² ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ±® ¹«·¼»´·²» ·² ´±½¿´ ¦±²·²¹ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ò ßòîì Ý±²·¼»® ¿¼±°¬·²¹ ±® ³±¼·º§·²¹ ´±½¿´ ¦±²·²¹ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¿ ¼·½®»¬·±²¿®§ ¼»·¹² ®»ª·»© °®±½» ±® ½´»¿® ¿²¼ ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ¼»·¹² ¬¿²¼¿®¼ô ·² ±®¼»® ¬± ¿¼¼®» ·«» ±º ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§ô ¿»¬¸»¬·½ô ±°»² °¿½»ô ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ½±³³«²·¬§ ½±²½»®²ò ßòîë ¬·²¹ ¿ºº±®¼¿¾´» ¸±«·²¹ ¿²¼ ·²½®»¿» ¬¸» ¬¿¾·´·¬§ ¿²¼ ¯«¿´·¬§ ±º ±´¼»® ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ô ¬¸®±«¹¸ ³»¿«®» «½¸ ¿ ®»ª·¬¿´·¦¿¬·±²å ½±¼» »²º±®½»³»²¬å ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ¦±²·²¹å ®»¸¿¾·´·¬¿¬·±² °®±¹®¿³å ®»´±½¿¬·±² ±º »¨·¬·²¹ ¬®«½¬«®»å ¬®¿ºº·½ ½¿´³·²¹å °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬å ±® °«¾´·½ ¿º»¬§ ½±²·¼»®¿¬·±²ò Ì¸»» ¿½¬·±² ¸±«´¼ «°°±®¬ °´¿²²»¼ ¼»²·¬·» ·² ¬¸»» ¿®»¿ò ß °®»ª·±«´§ ¬¿¬»¼ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ «°°±®¬ ¬¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ©¸·½¸ ·²½´«¼» ½´»¿® ¿²¼ ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ô ¾«·´¼·²¹ ³¿ ¿²¼ ½¿´»ô ¿²¼ ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ ¼»¬¿·´ò Ì¸»» °®±ª··±² ¿®» ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ · ³±®» ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ »¨·¬·²¹ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ©¸·´» ¿´± º¿½·´·¬¿¬·²¹ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² ¬¸· ³·¨»¼ «» ¿®»¿ ¾§ ®»³±ª·²¹ ¾¿®®·»® ¿²¼ ¬®»¿³´·²·²¹ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò Ì¸»®» · ¿² »³°¸¿· ±² ¬¸ °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¿ ¹®¿½»º«´ ¬®¿²·¬·±² º®±³ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» ¿¾«¬¬·²¹ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿½®± ïë ßª»²«»ô ¬± ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½»ô ¿²¼ º±® °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿´±²¹ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ø¬¸» ½±®» ¿²¼ ³±¬ ·²¬»²» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±²÷ô ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» «» ±º ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±®³ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ø·ò»ò ¸»·¹¸¬ ®»¼«½¬·±² ·² ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ô »¬¾¿½µ ³·³·½µ·²¹ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ô °¿®µ·²¹ ´±½¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬®»»¬ º¿9¿¼» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ º±® °»¼»¬®·¿² º®·»²¼´§ ¬®»»¬÷ ¿²¼ ¬®¿ºº·½ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ø·ò»ò ®»¯«·®·²¹ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ¬®¿ºº·½ ®»ª·»© º±® ½»®¬¿·² ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬÷ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» °®±ª··±² °®±ª·¼» ¬¸» ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ ¬± ¼»ª·¿¬» º®±³ ¬¸»» ½´»¿® ¿²¼ ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ ²»© ¼·½®»¬·±²¿®§ ¼»·¹² ®»ª·»© °®±½» ø¿ Ì§°» ×× ´¿²¼ «» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² °®±½»÷ ©¸»®» ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ · ®»ª·»©»¼ ¾¿»¼ ±² ¼»·¹² ¹«·¼»´·²» ¬± ¿¼¼®» ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ·¬ «®®±«²¼·²¹ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò ßòíí Ý±²·¼»® ´±½¿´ ¦±²·²¹ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ·³°¿½¬ ±² ¬¸» ½±¬ ±º ¸±«·²¹ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» °®±ª··±² ·²½´«¼» ®»¼«½¬·±² ¬± ³·²·³«³ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ »¨·¬·²¹ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ ¬¸®±«¹¸±«¬ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ¿²¼ ¿´´±© ¿ º«®¬¸»® ®»¼«½¬·±² ±º °¿®µ·²¹ °¿½» ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Ü»³¿²¼ Ó¿²¿¹»³»²¬ Ð®±¹®¿³ ¿¹®»»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ò Ì¸» °´¿² »²½±«®¿¹» ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ³»¿² ©¸»®» ¿ ³·¨¬«®» ±º «» º¿½·´·¬¿¬» º»©»® ª»¸·½´» ¬®·° ±® ²»»¼ò Û¿½¸ °¿®µ·²¹ °¿½» ¿±½·¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¿ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «²·¬ ¬§°·½¿´´§ ·²½®»¿» ¬¸» ½±¬ ±º ¬¸¿¬ «²·¬ ¾§ «° ¬± îðû ¿²¼ ¼»½®»¿» ¬¸» ²«³¾»® ±º «²·¬ ¬¸¿¬ ½¿² ¾» ¾«·´¬ ±² ¿ ¬§°·½¿´ ´ ó Ô·ª¿¾´» Ý·¬§ò Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ý¿´·º±®²·¿ ¿¬ Þ»®µ»´»§ô Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïí ±º íî Ó¿§ îéô îððì÷ò Û¿½¸ ª»¸·½´» ¬¸¿¬ ¿ ¸±«»¸±´¼ ½¿² »´·³·²¿¬» ½¿² ¯«¿´·º§ ·¬ º±® ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ üêðôððð ·² ³±®¬¹¿¹» ø±²ó´·²» Ú¿²²·» Ó¿» Ô±½¿¬·±² Ûºº·½·»²¬ Ó±®¬¹¿¹» øÔÛÓ÷ ½¿´½«´¿¬±®÷ò ß «½¸ô ¿´´±©·²¹ º±® ®»¼«½»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ±°¬·±² ³¿§ ½±²¬®·¾«¬» ¬± ®»¼«½·²¹ ¬¸» ½±¬ ±º ¸±«·²¹ ·² ¬¸· ¿®»¿ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °±´·½§ò Þò Û½±²±³·½ Û´»³»²¬ Þòê ×²½®»¿» ¬¸» ¿³±«²¬ ±º «²¼»ª»´±°»¼ ´¿²¼ ¦±²»¼ º±® ´·¹¸¬ ·²¼«¬®·¿´ ¿²¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ «» ½±®®»´¿¬·²¹ ¬¸» »ºº»½¬·ª» «°°´§ ·² ¬»®³ ±º «·¬¿¾·´·¬§ ¿²¼ ¿ª¿·´¿¾·´·¬§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬·±² ±º ¼»³¿²¼ò Ì¸» °®±°±¿´ ·²½´«¼» ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬·²¹ ¬»² °®±°»®¬·» ¬± ¿ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» º±®³»® ÑÜÑÌ ¬¸ Ó±¬±® Ð±±´ °®±°»®¬§ ¾»¬©»»² Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ¿²¼ ïë ßª»²«»ò Ì¸» º±®³»® ÑÜÑÌ ·¬» ·²½´«¼» ±³» ª¿½¿²¬ô «²¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¿®»¿ ¬¸¿¬ ©±«´¼ ¾» ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ¬± ¿ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °±´·½§ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ «²¼»® Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ç ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Ô¿²¼ Í¬«¼§ ¿®» ¿´± ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ò Þòîî Î»ª·»© ´±½¿´ ±®¼·²¿²½» ¿²¼ ®»ª·» ¬¸»³ ¬± °®±³±¬» ¹®»¿¬»® º´»¨·¾·´·¬§ º±® °®±³±¬·²¹ ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Þòîí Ð®±ª·¼» º±® ´·³·¬»¼ ³·¨·²¹ ±º ±ºº·½»ô ½±³³»®½·¿´ô ¿²¼ ·²¼«¬®·¿´ «» «²¼»® °®±½»¼«®» ©¸·½¸ ½´»¿®´§ ¼»º·²» ¬¸» ½±²¼·¬·±² «²¼»® ©¸·½¸ «½¸ «» ¸¿´´ ¾» °»®³·¬¬»¼ ¿²¼ ©¸·½¸æ ø¿÷ °®»»®ª» ¬¸» «·¬¿¾·´·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ¿ºº»½¬»¼ ¿®»¿ º±® ¬¸»·® °®·³¿®§ «»å ø¾÷ ¿«®» ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§å ¿²¼ ø½÷ ½±²·¼»® ¬¸» °±¬»²¬·¿´ º±® ·²½®»¿»¼ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½±²¹»¬·±²ò ß °®»ª·±«´§ ¬¿¬»¼ ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¬± ¬¸» Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¾±¬¸ ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ¿²¼ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» ß®»¿ ±ª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ®»ó¦±²·²¹ ¬± ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ©·´´ °®±ª·¼» º±® ¿ ³·¨¬«®» ±º «» ·² ¬¸· ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» ·²½´«¼» °®±ª··±² ¬± »²½±«®¿¹» ¾±¬¸ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¿²¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô «½¸ ¿ ¾§ ¿´´±©·²¹ ¿ ¾®±¿¼ ®¿²¹» ±º «» ©·¬¸±«¬ ®»¯«·®·²¹ ½±³³»®½·¿´ «» ±² ¬¸» ¹®±«²¼ º´±±® ¾«¬ ®»¯«·®·²¹ ³·²·³«³ ¹®±«²¼ º´±±® ½»·´·²¹ ¸»·¹¸¬ ¬± »²½±«®¿¹» ½±³³»®½·¿´ ·² ¬¸» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ½±®» ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ¿´± ·²½´«¼» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿²¼ ¼»·¹² ®»ª·»© ½®·¬»®·¿ ¬± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ · ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ©·¬¸ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿²¼ ²¿¬«®¿´ ®»±«®½»ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò Ýò Û²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ Î»±«®½» Û´»³»²¬ Ýòè Ô±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ¼»ª»´±° °´¿² ¿²¼ °®±¹®¿³ ©¸·½¸ ½¿®»º«´´§ ³¿²¿¹» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±² ¸·´´·¼» ¿²¼ ·² ©¿¬»® ¾±¼·»ô ¿²¼ ®»¬®·½¬ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² ©»¬´¿²¼ ·² ±®¼»® ¬± °®»ª»²¬ »®±·±² ¿²¼ °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸» ½»²·½ ¯«¿´·¬§ô «®º¿½» ©¿¬»® ¿²¼ ¹®±«²¼©¿¬»® ¯«¿´·¬§ô º±®»¬ ª¿´«»ô ª»¹»¬¿¬·±²ô ¿²¼ ©·´¼´·º» ª¿´«» ±º ¬¸±» ¿®»¿ò Ýòïð Ô±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¸¿´´ »²½±«®¿¹» º«®¬¸»® ¬«¼§ ø¾§ °»½·¿´·¬÷ ±º »²¼¿²¹»®»¼ ¿²¼ ¬¸®»¿¬»²»¼ °´¿²¬ ¿²¼ ©·´¼´·º» °»½·» ·² ¬¸» ³»¬®±°±´·¬¿² ¿®»¿ò Ýòïï Ô±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¸¿´´ °®±¬»½¬ »²¼¿²¹»®»¼ ¿²¼ ¬¸®»¿¬»²»¼ °´¿²¬ ¿²¼ ©·´¼´·º» °»½·»ô ¿ ®»½±¹²·¦»¼ ±² ¿ ´»¹¿´´§ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¬¿¬»©·¼» ´·¬ô ¿º¬»® ²±¬·½» ¿²¼ ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ º±® °«¾´·½ ·²°«¬ò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ¸¿ ¿´®»¿¼§ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿¼±°¬·²¹ ¬¸» ñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ¿ ¼·½«»¼ «²¼»® Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ë ¿¾±ª»ô ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸»» ®»±«®½» ¿²¼ ²±¬¸·²¹ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» °®±ª··±² ©·´´ ¿³»²¼ô «°»®»¼» ±® ½±²º´·½¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» »¨·¬·²¹ °®±¬»½¬·±²ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïì ±º íî Ýòîï É¸»² °´¿²²·²¹ º±® ¿²¼ ®»¹«´¿¬·²¹ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ´±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ½±²·¼»® ¬¸» ²»»¼ º±® °®±¬»½¬·±² ±º ±°»² °¿½»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸±» ½¸¿®¿½¬»®·¦»¼ ¾§ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ ª»¹»¬¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ©·´¼´·º»ò Ó»¿² ±º °®±¬»½¬·²¹ ±°»² °¿½» ·²½´«¼» ¾«¬ ¿®» ²±¬ ´·³·¬»¼ ¬± ±«¬®·¹¸¬ ¿½¯«··¬·±²ô ½±²»®ª¿¬·±² »¿»³»²¬ô °´¿²²»¼ «²·¬ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±®¼·²¿²½»ô ¬®»¿³·¼» °®±¬»½¬·±² ±®¼·²¿²½»ô ±°»² °¿½» ¬¿¨ ¼»º»®®¿´ô ¼±²¿¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» °«¾´·½ô ¿²¼ °»®º±®³¿²½» ¦±²·²¹ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ·²½´«¼» ¬©± Ý·¬§ó±©²»¼ °®±°»®¬·»ô Ú®¿²µ´·² Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ ¿ ²¿®®±© ¬®·° ±º ´¿²¼ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ²±®¬¸ ·¼» ±º ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½»ò Ì¸»» ¬©± °®±°»®¬·» ©·´´ ½±²¬·²«» ¬± °®±ª·¼» °¿·ª» ±°»² °¿½» ±°°±®¬«²·¬·»ò Ì¸»®» · ¿´± ¿ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µô Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ð¿®µô ±² ¬¸» ±«¬¸»®² ¾±®¼»® ±º ¬¸» ¬«¼§ ¿®»¿ò Ì¸»®» · ®»½±¹²·¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ²»»¼ º±® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ ´¿²¼ ¬± »®ª» ¬¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»²·¬§ »¨°»½¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ®»½±³³»²¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¼»²·¬§ô ®¿¬¸»® ¬¸¿² ¶«¬ ¼·¬¿²½» ¬± ¿ °¿®µô ¾» ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ½±²·¼»®¿¬·±² ©¸»² °®·±®·¬·¦·²¹ °¿®µ ²»»¼ò Ì¸» ´±½¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬§°» ±º ¿²§ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ °¿®µ ´¿²¼ ©±«´¼ ¾» ¼»¬»®³·²»¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ »°¿®¿¬» Ý·¬§ °®±½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ Ñ°»² Í°¿½» Ü·ª··±²ò Ì¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» ·²½´«¼» °®±ª··±² ¬± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±®³ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ¬± ½«®®»²¬ ¿²¼ º«¬«®» °¿®µ ·¬»ò Ýòîë Í°®·²¹º·»´¼ô Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ô ¿²¼ Û«¹»²» ¸¿´´ ½±²·¼»® ¼±©²¬®»¿³ ·³°¿½¬ ©¸»² °´¿²²·²¹ º±® «®¾¿²·¦¿¬·±²ô º´±±¼ ½±²¬®±´ô «®¾¿² ¬±®³ ®«²±ººô ®»½®»¿¬·±²ô ¿²¼ ©¿¬»® ¯«¿´·¬§ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» ¿²¼ Ó½Õ»²¦·» Î·ª»®ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ Ð±´·½·» Ýòîëô ¿ ¼·½«»¼ «²¼»® Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ éô Ò¿¬«®¿´ Ø¿¦¿®¼ô ©¸·½¸ · ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ¸¿ ¿¼±°¬»¼ °®±ª··±² ®»¹«´¿¬·²¹ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬±®³©¿¬»® ¿²¼ º´±±¼°´¿·² ¿²¼ º´±±¼©¿§ò ß °®»ª·±«´§ ²±¬»¼ô ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ·¬» · ²±¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» º´±±¼°´¿·² ±º ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»®ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ ²»© °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ¼± ²±¬ ¿ºº»½¬ ¬¸» ò Üò É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§ô Î·ª»® Ý±®®·¼±®ô ¿²¼ É¿¬»®©¿§ Û´»³»²¬ Üòî Ô¿²¼ «» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¿½¯«··¬·±² °®±¹®¿³ ¿´±²¹ ®·ª»® ½±®®·¼±® ¿²¼ ©¿¬»®©¿§ ¸¿´´ ¬¿µ» ·²¬± ¿½½±«²¬ ¿´´ ¬¸» ½±²½»®² ¿²¼ ²»»¼ ±º ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ®»½®»¿¬·±²ô ®»±«®½»ô ¿²¼ ©·´¼´·º» °®±¬»½¬·±²å »²¸¿²½»³»²¬ ±º ®·ª»® ½±®®·¼±® ¿²¼ ©¿¬»®©¿§ »²ª·®±²³»²¬å °±¬»²¬·¿´ º±® «°°±®¬·²¹ ²±²ó ¿«¬±³±¾·´» ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²å ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» º±® ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬å ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ½±³°¿¬·¾´» «»ò Üòì Ô¿²» Ý±«²¬§ô Í°®·²¹º·»´¼ô ¿²¼ Û«¹»²» ¸¿´´ ½±²¬·²«» ¬± °¿®¬·½·°¿¬» ·² »ºº±®¬ ¬± ¼»¬»®³·²» ¬¸» º»¿·¾·´·¬§ ß³¿¦±² Ý®»»µò Ô·µ»©·»ô Ó·´´®¿½» ¸±«´¼ ¾» »²½±«®¿¹»¼ò Üòë Ò»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ´±½¿¬» ¿´±²¹ ®·ª»® ½±®®·¼±® ¿²¼ ©¿¬»®©¿§ ¸¿´´ ¾» ´·³·¬»¼ ¬± «» ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ²¿¬«®¿´ô ½»²·½ô ¿²¼ »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ ¯«¿´·¬·» ±º ¬¸±» ©¿¬»® º»¿¬«®»ò Üòç Ô±½¿´ ¿²¼ ¬¿¬» ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ½±²¬·²«» ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¿¼»¯«¿¬» °«¾´·½ ¿½½» ¬± ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§ò ß °®»ª·±«´§ ¬¿¬»¼ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ¸¿ ¿¼±°¬»¼ Ù±¿´ ë ø¬¸» ñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ®»¹«´¿¬·±²÷ ¿²¼ É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§ °®±ª··±² ¬¸¿¬ ®»¹«´¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ¿²¼ ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»®ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬ ¿³»²¼ ¬¸±» °®±ª··±²ò Ú«®¬¸»®ô ¬¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» ·²½´«¼» °®±ª··±² ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ø©·¬¸ ®»¹¿®¼ ¬± ½¿´» ¿²¼ ³¿·²¹÷ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½»ô ®»½±¹²·¦·²¹ ·¬ ¿ ¿ ²¿¬«®¿´ ¿³»²·¬§ ·² ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ Ð±´·½§ Üòìô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² «°°±®¬ ¿ ³±®» ¼»¬¿·´»¼ ¿²¿´§· ±º ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ©·¬¸ ®»¹¿®¼ ¬± ¸±© ·¬ ¸±«´¼ ¾»¬ ¾» «¬·´·¦»¼ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïë ±º íî Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ Ð±´·½§ Üòçô ¬¸» ±²´§ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§ ¿®» ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ²±®¬¸ ±º ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ¿²¼ Ú®¿²µ´·² Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ ¬¸»» ¿®»¿ ½«®®»²¬´§ °®±ª·¼» ²± ¼·®»½¬ ¿½½» ¬± ¬¸» ¹®»»²©¿§ ¾»½¿«» ±º ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ®¿·´®±¿¼ ©¸·½¸ »°¿®¿¬» ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ º®±³ ¬¸» ®·ª»®ò Ê·»© ¬± ¬¸» ®·°¿®·¿² ª»¹»¬¿¬·±² ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ®·ª»® ¿®» ±²´§ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ½«®®»²¬´§ ¿ ª·»©»¼ º®±³ ¬®»»¬ ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ ¿²¼ Ö«¼µ·² Ð±·²¬ ø©¸·½¸ · ±«¬·¼» ±º ¬¸» ¬«¼§ ¿®»¿÷ò Ê·»© ¬«¼·» ¸¿ª» ¾»»² ½±²¼«½¬»¼ ©¸·½¸ ¸±© ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ©·´´ ²±¬ º«®¬¸»® ·³°»¼» ª·»© ±º ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® ®·°¿®·¿² ª»¹»¬¿¬·±² º®±³ Ö«¼µ·² Ð±·²¬ò Ú«®¬¸»®ô ¬¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ®»¯«·®·²¹ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¸»·¹¸¬ ¬»°¾¿½µ ¿´±²¹ ¿´´ ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ º«®¬¸»® ³·²·³·¦» ¬¸» °±·¾·´·¬§ ±º ±¾¬®«½¬·²¹ ª·»© ±º ¬¸» ®·°¿®·¿² ª»¹»¬¿¬·±²ô ¬± ¬¸» »¨¬»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸±» ª·»© ½«®®»²¬´§ »¨·¬ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸»» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò Ûò Û²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ Ü»·¹² Û´»³»²¬ Ûòï ×² ±®¼»® ¬± °®±³±¬» ¬¸» ¹®»¿¬»¬ °±·¾´» ¼»¹®»» ±º ¼·ª»®·¬§ô ¿ ¾®±¿¼ ª¿®·»¬§ ±º ½±³³»®½·¿´ô ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ô ¿²¼ ®»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ ´¿²¼ «» ¸¿´´ ¾» »²½±«®¿¹»¼ ©¸»² ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ±¬¸»® °´¿²²·²¹ °±´·½·»ò ß °®»ª·±«´§ ¼·½«»¼ô ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ¿ ¾®±¿¼ ®¿²¹» ±º ½±³³»®½·¿´ô ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¿²¼ ®»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ ´¿²¼ «» ©¸·´» ¾»·²¹ ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ©·¬¸ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿²¼ ®»±«®½»ò Ì¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ¿®» º±½«»¼ ´» ±² ®»¹«´¿¬·²¹ °»½·º·½ «» ¬§°» ¿²¼ ³±®» ±² °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¿ ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±®³ ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ¬± ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ »²½±«®¿¹·²¹ ¿ ³·¨¬«®» ±º «»ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °±´·½§ò Ûòî Ò¿¬«®¿´ ª»¹»¬¿¬·±²ô ²¿¬«®¿´ ©¿¬»® º»¿¬«®»ô ¿²¼ ¼®¿·²¿¹»ó©¿§ ¸¿´´ ¾» °®±¬»½¬»¼ ¿²¼ ®»¬¿·²»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ³¿¨·³«³ »¨¬»²¬ °®¿½¬·½¿´ò Ô¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ¸¿´´ ¾» «¬·´·¦»¼ ¬± »²¸¿²½» ¬¸±» ²¿¬«®¿´ º»¿¬«®»ò Ì¸· °±´·½§ ¼±» ²±¬ °®»½´«¼» ·²½®»¿·²¹ ¬¸»·® ½±²ª»§¿²½» ½¿°¿½·¬§ ·² ¿² »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´´§ ®»°±²·¾´» ³¿²²»®ò ß °®»ª·±«´§ ¬¿¬»¼ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ¸¿ ¿¼±°¬»¼ Ù±¿´ ë øñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Æ±²»÷ ¿²¼ É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§ °®±ª··±² ¬¸¿¬ ®»¹«´¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ¿²¼ ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»®ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ©·´´ ²±¬ ¿³»²¼ ¬¸±» °®±ª··±²ò Ûòì Ð«¾´·½ ¿²¼ °®·ª¿¬» º¿½·´·¬·» ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²»¼ ¿²¼ ´±½¿¬»¼ ·² ¿ ³¿²²»® ¬¸¿¬ °®»»®ª» ¿²¼ »²¸¿²½» ¼»·®¿¾´» º»¿¬«®» ±º ´±½¿´ ¿²¼ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ °®±³±¬» ¬¸»·® »²» ±º ·¼»²¬·¬§ò Ûòë Ý¿®»º«´´§ ¼»ª»´±° ·¬» ¬¸¿¬ °®±ª·¼» ª·«¿´ ¼·ª»®·¬§ ¬± ¬¸» «®¾¿² ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ ±°¬·³·¦» ¬¸»·® ª·«¿´ ¿²¼ °»®±²¿´ ¿½½»·¾·´·¬§ ¬± ®»·¼»²¬ò Ûòê Ô±½¿´ ¶«®·¼·½¬·±² ¸¿´´ ½¿®»º«´´§ »ª¿´«¿¬» ¬¸»·® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¬± »²«®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸»§ ¿¼¼®» »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ ¼»·¹² ½±²·¼»®¿¬·±²ô «½¸ ¿ô ¾«¬ ²±¬ ´·³·¬»¼ ¬±ô ¿º»¬§ô ½®·³» °®»ª»²¬·±²ô ¿»¬¸»¬·½ô ¿²¼ ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§ ©·¬¸ »¨·¬·²¹ ¿²¼ ¿²¬·½·°¿¬»¼ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ «» ø°¿®¬·½«´¿®´§ ½±²·¼»®·²¹ ¸·¹¸ ¿²¼ ³»¼·«³ ¼»²·¬§ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ´±½¿¬·²¹ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ¬± ´±© ¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´÷ò Ûòé Ì¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º «®¾¿² ¼»·¹² »´»³»²¬ ¿ °¿®¬ ±º ´±½¿´ ¿²¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¸¿´´ ¾» »²½±«®¿¹»¼ò Ûòè Í·¬» °´¿²²·²¹ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¾§ ´±½¿´ ¶«®·¼·½¬·±² ¸¿´´ ¿´´±© º±® º´»¨·¾·´·¬§ ·² ¼»·¹² ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ¿½¸·»ª» ·¬» °´¿²²·²¹ ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ©¸·´» ¿´´±©·²¹ º±® ½®»¿¬·ª» ±´«¬·±² ¬± ¼»·¹² °®±¾´»³ò Ûòç Î»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¬± ¿¼¼®» ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§ ±º ´¿²¼ «»ô ¿º»¬§ô ½®·³» °®»ª»²¬·±²ô ¿²¼ ª·«¿´ ·³°¿½¬ ¿´±²¹ ¿®¬»®·¿´ ¿²¼ ½±´´»½¬±® ¬®»»¬ô ©·¬¸·² ³·¨»¼ó«» ¿®»¿ò Ü«®·²¹ ¬¸» ·²¬»®·³ °»®·±¼ ¾»º±®» ¬¸» ¿¼±°¬·±² ±º ¿ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ô ¬¸»» ½±²·¼»®¿¬·±² ¸¿´´ ¾» ¿¼¼®»»¼ ¾§ ½·¬·» ·² ¿°°®±ª·²¹ ´¿²¼ «» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ·² ³·¨»¼ «» ¿®»¿ ¾§ ®»¯«·®·²¹ ½±²¼·¬·±² ±º ¿°°®±ª¿´ ©¸»®» ²»½»¿®§ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïê ±º íî Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ Ð±´·½·» Ûòì Ûòçô ¿ °®»ª·±«´§ ¬¿¬»¼ ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ «°°±®¬ ¬¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ©¸·½¸ ·²½´«¼» ½´»¿® ¿²¼ ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ô ³¿ ¿²¼ ½¿´»ô ¿²¼ ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ ¼»¬¿·´ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ · ³±®» ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ »¨·¬·²¹ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ©¸·´» ¿´± ³¿µ·²¹ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ »¿·»® º±® ¬¸· ³·¨»¼ «» ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ¿²¼ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ·²½´«¼» ¿² »³°¸¿· ±² °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¿ ¬¸ ¹®¿½»º«´ ¬®¿²·¬·±² º®±³ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¬± ¬¸» ¿¾«¬¬·²¹ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿½®± ïë ßª»²«»ô ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½»ô ¿²¼ ¬®¿²·¬·±² º±® °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿´±²¹ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ø¬¸» ½±®» ¿²¼ ³±¬ ·²¬»²» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±²÷ °®·³¿®·´§ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» «» ±º ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±®³ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ò Ú±® ·²¬¿²½»ô ¬¸» ¬¸ °®±ª··±² ®»¼«½» ¸»·¹¸¬ ·² ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ ²»¿® ïë ßª»²«»ô ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ¿²¼ ¿´±²¹ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ò Ì¸» °®±ª··±² ·²½´«¼» °»¼»¬®·¿²óº®·»²¼´§ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ô «½¸ ¿ ¬®»»¬óº¿½·²¹ º¿9¿¼» ¿²¼ »²¬®§ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ô °¿®µ·²¹ ´±½¿¬·±² ¬± ³·²·³·¦» °»¼»¬®·¿² ½±²º´·½¬ ¿²¼ ¿´´±© º±® ½±²¬·²«±« ¿®»¿ º±® ±«¬¼±±® º«®²·¬«®» ¿²¼ ¿ °»¼»¬®·¿² ¦±²»ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» °®±ª·¼» ¬¸» ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ ¬± ¼»ª·¿¬» º®±³ ¬¸»» ½´»¿® ¿²¼ ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ ¼·½®»¬·±²¿®§ ¼»·¹² ®»ª·»© °®±½» ø¿ ´¿²¼ «» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² °®±½»÷ ©¸»®» ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ · ®»ª·»©»¼ ¾¿»¼ ±² ¼»·¹² ½®·¬»®·¿ ¬± ¿¼¼®» ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ·¬ «®®±«²¼·²¹ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¿º»¬§ ¿²¼ ½®·³»ô ¬¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² º±½« ±² ¬¸» ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±®³ ¬± ½®»¿¬» °«¾´·½ °¿½» ²¹ ¿ ¿º»® »²ª·®±²³»²¬ º±® °»¼»¬®·¿²ò Ì¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½» ¸¿ ·²½´«¼»¼ ©±®µ·²¹ ©·¬¸ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¬± ¿¼¼®» ·³°¿½¬ º®±³ »¨·¬·²¹ ·«» ø·ò»ò ½«¬ó¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬®¿ºº·½ ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·«»÷ ¾§ ©±®µ·²¹ ©·¬¸ ¬®»»¬ ¼»·¹² »´»³»²¬ ¬± ¼·ºº»®»²¬·¿¬» ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿²¼ ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» °»½·º·½ ¿®»¿ °´¿² ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸ »²½±«®¿¹» °®±°»®¬§ ¿½½» ¬± ¾» ¬¿µ»² ±ºº ±º ¬®»»¬ ±¬¸»® ¬¸¿² ïëßª»²«»ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» ø¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» °¿¬¸÷ ¼»·¹² ®»ª·»© °®±½» ¿´± ·²½´«¼» ½®·¬»®·¿ ¬± ¿¼¼®» °±¬»²¬·¿´ ·³°¿½¬ º®±³ ¬®¿ºº·½ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸»» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò Úò Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Û´»³»²¬ Úòï ß°°´§ ¬¸» ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬®¿¬»¹§ ·² ¿®»¿ »´»½¬»¼ ¾§ »¿½¸ ¶«®·¼·½¬·±² ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ °±¬»²¬·¿´ º±® ¬¸· ¬§°» ±º ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ó»ºº·½·»²¬ ´¿²¼ «» °¿¬¬»®²ò Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ · ¼»º·²»¼ ·² ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ±² °¿¹» Êóì ¿ º±´´±©æ Ò±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ø²±¼»÷æ Ò±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ · ¿ ³·¨»¼ó«»ô °»¼»¬®·¿²óº®·»²¼´§ ´¿²¼ «» °¿¬¬»®² ¬¸¿¬ »»µ ¬± ·²½®»¿» ½±²½»²¬®¿¬·±² ±º °±°«´¿¬·±² ¿²¼ »³°´±§³»²¬ ·² ©»´´ ¼»º·²»¼ ¿®»¿ ©·¬¸ ¹±±¼ ¬®¿²·¬ »®ª·½»ô ¿ ³·¨ ±º ¼·ª»®» ¿²¼ ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ´¿²¼ «»ô ¿²¼ °«¾´·½ ¿²¼ °®·ª¿¬» ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ¾» °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿²¼ ¬®¿²·¬ ±®·»²¬»¼ò Ú«²¼¿³»²¬¿´ ½¸¿®¿½¬»®·¬·½ ±º ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¯«·®»æ Ü»·¹² »´»³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ «°°±®¬ °»¼»¬®·¿² »²ª·®±²³»²¬ ¿²¼ »²½±«®¿¹» ¬®¿²·¬ «»ô ©¿´µ·²¹ ¿²¼ ¾·½§½´·²¹ å ß ¬®¿²·¬ ¬±° ©¸·½¸ · ©·¬¸·² ©¿´µ·²¹ ¼·¬¿²½» ø¹»²»®¿´´§ d ³·´» ±º ¿²§©¸»®» ·² ¬¸» ²±¼»÷å Ó·¨»¼ «» ± ¬¸¿¬ »®ª·½» ¿®» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ©·¬¸·² ©¿´µ·²¹ ¼·¬¿²½»å Ð«¾´·½ °¿½»ô «½¸ ¿ °¿®µô °«¾´·½ ¿²¼ °®·ª¿¬» ±°»² °¿½»ô ¿²¼ °«¾´·½ º¿½·´·¬·»ô ¬¸¿¬ ½¿² ¾» ®»¿½¸»¼ ©·¬¸±«¬ ¼®·ª·²¹å ¿²¼ ß ³·¨ ±º ¸±«·²¹ ¬§°» ¿²¼ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»²·¬·» ¬¸¿¬ ¿½¸·»ª» ¿² ±ª»®¿´´ ²»¬ ¼»²·¬§ ±º ¿¬ ´»¿¬ ïî «²·¬ °»® ²»¬ ¿½®»ò Ò±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·´´ ª¿®§ ·² ¬¸» ¿³±«²¬ô ¬§°»ô ¿²¼ ±®·»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ½±³³»®½·¿´ô ½·ª·½ ô ¿²¼ Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïé ±º íî »³°´±§³»²¬ «»å ¬¿®¹»¬ ½±³³»®½·¿´ º´±±® ¿®»¿ ®¿¬·±å ·¦» ±º ¾«·´¼·²¹å ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿³±«²¬ ¿²¼ ¬§°» ±º ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «»ò Úòî Í«°°±®¬ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬®¿¬»¹§ ·² ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ¿®»¿ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ·²º±®³¿¬·±²ô ¬»½¸²·½¿´ ¿·¬¿²½»ô ±® ·²½»²¬·ª»ò Úòí Ð®±ª·¼» º±® ¬®¿²·¬ó«°°±®¬·ª» ´¿²¼ «» °¿¬¬»®² ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¸·¹¸»® ·²¬»²·¬§ô ¬®¿²·¬ó ±®·»²¬»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿´±²¹ ³¿¶±® ¬®¿²·¬ ½±®®·¼±® ¿²¼ ²»¿® ¬®¿²·¬ ¬¿¬·±²å ³»¼·«³ó ¿²¼ ¸·¹¸ó ¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² d ³·´» ±º ¬®¿²·¬ ¬¿¬·±²ô ³¿¶±® ¬®¿²·¬ ½±®®·¼±®ô »³°´±§³»²¬ ½»²¬»®ô ¿²¼ ¼±©²¬±©² ¿®»¿å ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ®»¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ¿®»¿ ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ±® ½±«´¼ ¾» ©»´´ »®ª»¼ ¾§ »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²·¬ò Úòì Î»¯«·®» ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ »²½±«®¿¹» ¬®¿²·¬ô ¾·½§½´»ô ¿²¼ °»¼»¬®·¿² ·² ²»© ½±³³»®½·¿´ô °«¾´·½ô ³·¨»¼ «»ô ¿²¼ ³«´¬·ó«²·¬ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ Ð±´·½·» Úòï Úòìô ¿ °®»ª·±«´§ ¼·½«»¼ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ô °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ·³°´»³»²¬ ¿ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿°°®±¿½¸ ¿²¼ ´¿²¼ «» »ºº·½·»²½§ ³»¿«®» ¾§ ·²¬»¹®¿¬·²¹ ´¿²¼ «» ¿²¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² °´¿²²·²¹å ·¬ »»µ ¬± ·²½®»¿» ¬¸» «» ±º ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²å ®»¼«½» °»®ó°»®±² ª»¸·½´» ³·´» ±º ¬®¿ª»´å ¿²¼ ®»¼«½» ¼»³¿²¼ º±® ¿«¬±³±¾·´»ó®»´¿¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ò Ì¸» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿°°®±°®·¿¬»´§ «°°±®¬ ¿ ³·¨»¼ «» ½»²¬»® ·² É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ©¸·½¸ · ²»¿® ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±²ô »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ô ¿²¼ ³¿¶±® »¨·¬·²¹ ¿²¼ °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» ïî «²·¬ °»® ²»¬ ¿½®»ô ¬¸» ³¿®µ»¬ ±ª»®ª·»© øÍ¬®¿¬»¹·½Û½±²±³·½ò Ö¿²«¿®§ îððê÷ »¬·³¿¬» ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ïôððð ¬± ïôìðð ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ ·² ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ·º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» °®±ª··±² ¿®» ·³°´»³»²¬»¼ô ©¸·½¸ ©±«´¼ ®»«´¬ ·² ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ïé ¬± îë «²·¬ °»® ²»¬ ¿½®»ò Ì¸» «¾¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ¿´®»¿¼§ ·²½´«¼» ïîç «²·¬ »¨·¬·²¹ ¸±©»ª»® ¬¸»®» ¿®» ¬©± °»²¼·²¹ ¾«·´¼·²¹ °»®³·¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¿¼¼ éë ³±®» ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ ¬± ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Ù·ª»² ¬¸· »ª·¼»²½»ô ·¬ · ®»¿±²¿¾´» ¬± ¿«³» ¬¸¿¬ ¿¬ ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ©·´´ ®»«´¬ ·² ïî «²·¬ °»® ²»¬ ¿½®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±¾¶»½¬·ª»ò Ì¸» ³¿®µ»¬ ±ª»®ª·»© ¿´± º·²¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ · ¸·¹¸´§ ´·µ»´§ ¬± ¼»ª»´±° ©·¬¸ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ø´» ´·µ»´§ º±® ±ºº·½»÷ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ì¸» ¬«¼§ ²±¬» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¼»³±¹®¿°¸·½ «°°±®¬ ¿² ·²½®»¿» ·² ³«´¬·óº¿³·´§ ø¿°¿®¬³»²¬ô ½±²¼±³·²·«³ô ®±©¸±«»÷ ¼«» ¬± ¬¸» °®±¨·³·¬§ ¬± ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ô ¬± ¿ ¼»·®¿¾´» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ øÚ¿·®³±«²¬÷ ¿²¼ ¾«ó®¿°·¼ ¬®¿²·¬ò Ì¸» ³¿®µ»¬ ¬«¼§ ²±¬» ¬¸¿¬ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ©±«´¼ ¾» ©»´´ «°°±®¬»¼ ¸»®» ¼«» ¬± ¬¸» °®±¨·³·¬§ ¬± ¬¸» °±°«´¿¬·±² °®»ª·±«´§ ³»²¬·±²»¼ ¿ ©»´´ ¿ ¬¸±» º®±³ ¬¸» ²»© ¿®»²¿ ¿²¼ »¨·¬·²¹ ´±¼¹·²¹ò Ì¸» ³¿®µ»¬ ¬«¼§ ²±¬» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¸¿ ¿² «²¼»®»®ª»¼ ®»¬¿·´ ³¿®µ»¬ô Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ´±¬ ¿®» «²¼»®«¬·´·¦»¼ô ¿²¼ ¿ ³¿¶±® ¬®¿ª»´ ®±¿¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ Û«¹»²» øÚ®¿²µ´·²÷ ®«² ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸· ¹¿¬»©¿§ ¿®»¿ °®±ª·¼·²¹ ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» ¬± ¿²¼ º®±³ Û«¹»²»ò Ì¸»» ¿®» ±³» ±º ¬¸» «°°±®¬·²¹ º¿½¬±® ¬¸¿¬ ½±²¬®·¾«¬» ¬± »¬¿¾´·¸·²¹ ¬¸· ¿®»¿ ¿ ¿ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ³·¨»¼ «» ¿®»¿ò ß½½±®¼·²¹´§ô ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ·²½´«¼» ¿³»²¼·²¹ ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¬± ¿¼¼ ¬¸» ±ª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ±º Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ¿²¼ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» ß®»¿ ¬± ¬¸» »²¬·®» °®±¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò Úòë É·¬¸·² ¬¸®»» §»¿® ±º Ì®¿²Ð´¿² ¿¼±°¬·±²ô ¿°°´§ ¬¸» ÒÜô Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± ¿®»¿ »´»½¬»¼ ¾§ »¿½¸ ¶«®·¼·½¬·±²ô ¿¼±°¬ ¿²¼ ¿°°´§ ³»¿«®» ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ²±¼» º®±³ ·²½±³°¿¬·¾´» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¿¼±°¬ ¿ ½¸»¼«´» º±® ½±³°´»¬·±² ±º ²±¼¿´ °´¿² ¿²¼ ·³°´»³»²¬·²¹ ±®¼·²¿²½»ò Ì®¿²Ð´¿² ©¿ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ·² îððïò ß³»²¼·²¹ ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¬± ¿¼¼ ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ±ª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® ¿®»¿ ©¿ ·²·¬·¿¬»¼ ·² îððíò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¾±«²¼¿®·» ©»®» ®»ª·»¼ ¾¿»¼ ±² °«¾´·½ ½±³³»²¬ ¿²¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸±» ²»© ¾±«²¼¿®·»ô ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ ½±²¬·²«»¼ «²¬·´ °®»»²¬ò Ì¸» °®±°±¿´ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °±´·½§ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïè ±º íî Úòé ×²½®»¿» ¬¸» «» ±º ³±¬±® ª»¸·½´» °¿®µ·²¹ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ¬®¿¬»¹·» ·² »´»½¬»¼ ¿®»¿ ¬¸®±«¹¸±«¬ ¬¸» Û«¹»²»óÍ°®·²¹º·»´¼ ³»¬®±°±´·¬¿² ¿®»¿ò Úòè ×³°´»³»²¬ ÌÜÓ ¬®¿¬»¹·» ¬± ³¿²¿¹» ¼»³¿²¼ ¿¬ ½±²¹»¬»¼ ´±½¿¬·±²ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ Ð±´·½·» Úòé ¿²¼ Úòèô ¿ °®»ª·±«´§ ³»²¬·±²»¼ô ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®¿¬·± º±® ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ³·²·³«³ °¿®µ·²¹ ®¿¬·± ·² ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ ¬¸®±«¹¸±«¬ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ô ©¸·½¸ ®»º´»½¬ ¿ °®±¶»½¬»¼ ´±©»® ª»¸·½´» °¿®µ·²¹ ²»»¼ ¾¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ³·¨¬«®» ±º «» ¿²¼ »³°¸¿· ±² ½®»¿¬·²¹ ¿ °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿²¼ ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º®·»²¼´§ »²ª·®±²³»²¬ò Ì¸»®» · ¿´± ¿² ¿´´±©¿²½» ¬± º«®¬¸»® ®»¼«½» °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ¾§ «·²¹ ÌÜÓ ø¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ¼»³¿²¼ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬÷ °®±¹®¿³ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ ´¿²¼ «» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² °®±½»ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò Úòïï Ü»ª»´±° ±® °®±³±¬» ·²¬»®³±¼¿´ ´·²µ¿¹» º±® ½±²²»½¬·ª·¬§ ¿²¼ »¿» ±º ¬®¿²º»® ¿³±²¹ ¿´´ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ³±¼»ò Úòïí Í«°°±®¬ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ¬®¿¬»¹·» ¬¸¿¬ »²¸¿²½» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ´·ª¿¾·´·¬§ò Úòïì ß¼¼®» ¬¸» ³±¾·´·¬§ ¿²¼ ¿º»¬§ ²»»¼ ±º ³±¬±®·¬ô ¬®¿²·¬ «»®ô ¾·½§½´·¬ô °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿²¼ ¬¸» ²»»¼ ±º »³»®¹»²½§ ª»¸·½´» ©¸»² °´¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ ½±²¬®«½¬·²¹ ®±¿¼©¿§ §¬»³ ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ò Úòïë Ó±¬±® ª»¸·½´» ´»ª»´ ±º »®ª·½» °±´·½§æ ¿ò Ë» ³±¬±® ª»¸·½´» ´»ª»´ ±º »®ª·½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¬± ³¿·²¬¿·² ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» ¿²¼ ®»´·¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» ±² ¬¸» ®±¿¼©¿§ §¬»³ò Ì¸»» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» «»¼ º±®æ øï÷ ×¼»²¬·º§·²¹ ½¿°¿½·¬§ ¼»º·½·»²½·» ±² ¬¸» ®±¿¼©¿§ §¬»³ò øî÷ Ûª¿´«¿¬·²¹ ¬¸» ·³°¿½¬ ±² ®±¿¼©¿§ ±º ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² °´¿²ô ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ½±³°®»¸»²·ª» °´¿² ¿²¼ ´¿²¼ó«» ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ô °«®«¿²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ÌÐÎ øÑßÎ êêðóðïîóððêð÷ò øí÷ Ûª¿´«¿¬·²¹ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² º±® ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ´¿²¼ó«» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¶«®·¼·½¬·±²ò ¾ò ß½½»°¬¿¾´» ¿²¼ ®»´·¿¾´» °»®º±®³¿²½» · ¼»º·²»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ´»ª»´ ±º »®ª·½» «²¼»® °»¿µ Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Í¬«¼§ øÝßÌÍ÷ ¿®»¿ô ¿²¼ ÔÑÍ Ü »´»©¸»®»ò ½ò Ð»®º±®³¿²½» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ º®±³ ¬¸» ÑØÐ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¿°°´·»¼ ±² ¬¿¬» º¿½·´·¬·» ·² ¬¸» Û«¹»²»ó Í°®·²¹º·»´¼ ³»¬®±°±´·¬¿² ¿®»¿ò ×² ±³» ½¿»ô ¬¸» ´»ª»´ ±º »®ª·½» ±² ¿ º¿½·´·¬§ ³¿§ ¾» «¾¬¿²¼¿®¼ò Ì¸» ´±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¶«®·¼·½¬·±² ³¿§ º·²¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ¬± ¾®·²¹ °»®º±®³¿²½» «° ¬± ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ ¸±®·¦±² ³¿§ ²±¬ ¾» º»¿·¾´»ô ¿²¼ ¿º»¬§ ©·´´ ²±¬ ¾» ½±³°®±³·»¼ô ¿²¼ ¾®±¿¼»® ½±³³«²·¬§ ¹±¿´ ©±«´¼ ¾» ¾»¬¬»® »®ª»¼ ¾§ ¿´´±©·²¹ ¿ «¾¬¿²¼¿®¼ ´»ª»´ ±º »®ª·½»ò Ì¸» ´·³·¬¿¬·±² ±² ¬¸» º»¿·¾·´·¬§ ±º ¿ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ³¿§ ¿®·» º®±³ »ª»®» ½±²¬®¿·²¬ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¾«¬ ²±¬ ´·³·¬»¼ ¬± »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ ½±²¼·¬·±²ô ´¿½µ ±º °«¾´·½ ¿¹»²½§ º·²¿²½·¿´ ®»±«®½»ô ±® ´¿²¼ «» ½±²¬®¿·²¬ º¿½¬±®ò ×¬ · ²±¬ ¬¸» ·²¬»²¬ ±º ÌÍ× Î±¿¼©¿§ Ð±´·½§ ýîæ Ó±¬±® Ê»¸·½´» Ô»ª»´ ±º Í»®ª·½» ¬± ®»¯«·®» ¼»º»®®¿´ ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² «½¸ ½¿»ò Ì¸» ·²¬»²¬ · ¬± ¼»º»® ³±¬±® ª»¸·½´» ½¿°¿½·¬§ ·²½®»¿·²¹ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ «²¬·´ »¨·¬·²¹ ½±²¬®¿·²¬ ½¿² ¾» ±ª»®½±³» ±® ¼»ª»´±° ¿² ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ³·¨ ±º ¬®¿¬»¹·» ø«½¸ ¿æ ´¿²¼ «» ³»¿«®»ô ÌÜÓô ¸±®¬ó¬»®³ ¿º»¬§ ·³°®±ª»³»²¬÷ ¬± ¿¼¼®» ¬¸» °®±¾´»³ò Úòïè ¿²¼ ½±²ª»²·»²½» º±® ¿´´ «»®ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ¼·¿¼ª¿²¬¿¹»¼ °±°«´¿¬·±²ò Úòîð ×³°´»³»²¬ ¬®¿ºº·½ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ¬®¿¬»¹·» ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ¿½¬·±²ô ©¸»®» ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ¿²¼ °®¿½¬·½¿´ô ¬¸¿¬ ¹·ª» Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» ïç ±º íî °®·±®·¬§ ¬± ¬®¿²·¬ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ¸·¹¸ ±½½«°¿²½§ ª»¸·½´»ò Úòîí Î»¯«·®» ¾·µ»©¿§ ¿´±²¹ ²»© ¿²¼ ®»½±²¬®«½¬»¼ ¿®¬»®·¿´ ¿²¼ ³¿¶±® ½±´´»½¬±® ¬®»»¬ò Úòîê Ð®±ª·¼» º±® ¿ °»¼»¬®·¿² »²ª·®±²³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ · ©»´´ ·²¬»¹®¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ´¿²¼ «» ¿²¼ · ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± »²¸¿²½» ¬¸» ¿º»¬§ô ½±³º±®¬ô ¿²¼ ½±²ª»²·»²½» ±º ©¿´µ·²¹ò Úòîé Ð®±ª·¼» º±® ¿ ½±²¬·²«±« °»¼»¬®·¿² ²»¬©±®µ ©·¬¸ ®»¿±²¿¾´§ ¼·®»½¬ ¬®¿ª»´ ®±«¬» ¾»¬©»»² ¼»¬·²¿¬·±² °±·²¬ò Úòîè Ý±²¬®«½¬ ·¼»©¿´µ ¿´±²¹ «®¾¿² ¿®»¿ ¿®¬»®·¿´ ¿²¼ ½±´´»½¬±® ®±¿¼©¿§ô »¨½»°¬ º®»»©¿§ò Úòïé Ó¿²¿¹» ¬¸» ®±¿¼©¿§ §¬»³ ¬± °®»»®ª» ¿º»¬§ ¿²¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²¿´ »ºº·½·»²½§ ¾§ ¿¼±°¬·²¹ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¬± ³¿²¿¹» ¿½½» ¬± ®±¿¼©¿§ ¿²¼ ¿°°´§·²¹ ¬¸»» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¬± ¼»½··±² ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¿°°®±ª·²¹ ²»© ±® ³±¼·º·»¼ ¿½½» ¬± ¬¸» ®±¿¼©¿§ §¬»³ò Úòíì Ñ°»®¿¬» ¿²¼ ³¿·²¬¿·² ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·» ·² ¿ ©¿§ ¬¸¿¬ ®»¼«½» ¬¸» ²»»¼ º±® ³±®» »¨°»²·ª» º«¬«®» ®»°¿·®ò ß °®»ª·±«´§ ²±¬»¼ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ·³°´»³»²¬ ¿ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿°°®±¿½¸ ¾§ ·²¬»¹®¿¬·²¹ ´¿²¼ «» ¿²¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² °´¿²²·²¹å ¬± ·²½®»¿» ¬¸» «» ±º ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²å ®»¼«½» °»®ó°»®±² ª»¸·½´» ³·´» ±º ¬®¿ª»´å ¿²¼ ®»¼«½» ¼»³¿²¼ º±® ¿«¬±³±¾·´»ó®»´¿¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ò Ì¸» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿°°®±°®·¿¬»´§ «°°±®¬ ¿ ³·¨»¼ «» ½»²¬»® ·² É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ©¸·½¸ · ²»¿® ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±²ô »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ô ¿²¼ ³¿¶±® »¨·¬·²¹ ¿²¼ °´¿²²»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ò Ì¸» ³«´¬·©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ ¼»·¹² ½±²½»°¬ º±® Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ©·´´ ¿¼¼®» ¬¸» ³±¾·´·¬§ ¿²¼ ¿º»¬§ ²»»¼ ±º ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿ºº·½ ¿²¼ °»¼»¬®·¿²ò É¸·´» ¬¸» ³«´¬·©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ · ²±¬ ¾»·²¹ ¿¼±°¬»¼ô ¿ ¬§°·½¿´ ¬®»»¬ ¼»·¹² º±® ¬¸» ³«´¬·©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ ½±²½»°¬ · ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿²¼ °»½·º·½ ¿®»¿ °´¿² º±® ®»º»®»²½» ©¸»² ¬¸» ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ · ®»¿¼§ º±® ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±²ò ×² ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ¿ °»½·¿´ »¬¾¿½µ · ¾»·²¹ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¿´±²¹ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ·² ±®¼»® ¬± ¿½½±³³±¼¿¬» ¿ ³«´¬·©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ ¼»·¹²ò Ì¸» °»½·¿´ »¬¾¿½µ ½¿² ¿½½±³³±¼¿¬» ¿ »½±²¼ º«¬«®» ¾«ó®¿°·¼ ¬®¿²·¬ ´·²» ·² ¬¸· ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ «²¼»® Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïî ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ¿®» ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½» ¿ ¼»³±²¬®¿¬·±² ±º ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·»ò Ùò Ð«¾´·½ Ú¿½·´·¬·» ¿²¼ Í»®ª·½» Û´»³»²¬ Ùòë Ì¸» ½·¬·» ¸¿´´ ½±²¬·²«» ¶±·²¬ °´¿²²·²¹ ½±±®¼·²¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ³¿¶±® ·²¬·¬«¬·±²ô «½¸ ¿ «²·ª»®·¬·» ¿²¼ ¸±°·¬¿´ô ¼«» ¬± ¬¸»·® ®»´¿¬·ª»´§ ´¿®¹» ·³°¿½¬ ±² ´±½¿´ º¿½·´·¬·» ¿²¼ »®ª·½»ò Ý±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °±´·½§ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ¸¿ º¿½·´·¬¿¬»¼ ¿²¼ ³¿·²¬¿·²»¼ ½±²·¬»²¬ ½±³³«²·½¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ¬¿ºº ±² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² °®±¶»½¬ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ¸¿ ½±²·¬»²¬´§ °¿®¬·½·°¿¬»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¹®±«° ¿²¼ ¿ ¿ ³»³¾»® ±º ¬¸» Ì»½¸²·½¿´ ß¼ª·±®§ ½±³³·¬¬»»ò Ùòîí Í«°°±®¬ ¬¸» ®»¬»²¬·±² ±º Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ¿²¼ ÔÝÝ º¿½·´·¬·» ·² ½»²¬®¿´ ½·¬§ ¿®»¿ ¬± ·²½®»¿» ¿¬¬®¿½¬·ª»²» ¬± ¬«¼»²¬ ¿²¼ º¿½«´¬§ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ¿²¼ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ®»½±¹²·¦» ¿²¼ ·²½´«¼» °®±ª··±² º±® º«¬«®» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¿²¼ ½±³°´·³»²¬ »¨·¬·²¹ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ì¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ¾« ®¿°·¼ ¬®¿²·¬ §¬»³ · °´¿²²»¼ ¬± ¾» »¨°¿²¼»¼ ©·¬¸ ¿ »½±²¼ ´¿²» ¿ °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» ³«´¬·©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ ½±²½»°¬ô ©¸·½¸ ½±«´¼ ¾» ¿½½±³³±¼¿¬»¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ °»½·¿´ »¬¾¿½µ ¿´±²¹ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îð ±º íî ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ·²½´«¼» ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬·²¹ ¬¸» º±®³»® ÑÜÑÌ °®±°»®¬§ô ©¸·½¸ · ½«®®»²¬´§ ±©²»¼ ¾§ ¿ Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ®»´¿¬»¼ ±©²»®ô ¬± ¿ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ®»ó¦±²·²¹ ¬¸» ·¬» ¬± ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ò Ì¸» °®±°±¿´ «°°±®¬ ¬¸» ®»¬»²¬·±² ±º ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ·² ·¬ ½«®®»²¬ ´±½¿¬·±² ¿²¼ »¨°¿²¼ ±² °«¾´·½ ¬®¿²·¬ ¿²¼ ¸±«·²¹ ¿¬¬®¿½¬·ª»²»ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °±´·½§ò Öò Û²»®¹§ Û´»³»²¬ Öòé Û²½±«®¿¹» ³»¼·«³ó ¿²¼ ¸·¹¸ó¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «» ©¸»² ¾¿´¿²½»¼ ©·¬¸ ±¬¸»® °´¿²²·²¹ °±´·½·» ·² ±®¼»® ¬± ³¿¨·³·¦» ¬¸» »ºº·½·»²¬ «¬·´·¦¿¬·±² ±º ¿´´ º±®³ ±º »²»®¹§ò Ì¸» ¹®»¿¬»¬ »²»®¹§ ¿ª·²¹ ½¿² ¾» ³¿¼» ·² ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ±º °¿½» ¸»¿¬·²¹ ¿²¼ ½±±´·²¹ ¿²¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ò Ú±® »¨¿³°´»ô ¬¸» ¸·¹¸»¬ ®»´¿¬·ª» ¼»²·¬·» ±º ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» ½±²½»²¬®¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ¹®»¿¬»¬ »¨¬»²¬ °±·¾´» ·² ¿®»¿ ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ±® ½¿² ¾» ©»´´ »®ª»¼ ¾§ ³¿ ¬®¿²·¬ô °¿®¿¬®¿²·¬ô ¿²¼ º±±¬ ¿²¼ ¾·½§½´» °¿¬¸ò Öòè Ý±³³»®½·¿´ô ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ô ¿²¼ ®»½®»¿¬·±²¿´ ´¿²¼ «» ¸¿´´ ¾» ·²¬»¹®¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ¹®»¿¬»¬ »¨¬»²¬ °±·¾´»ô ¾¿´¿²½»¼ ©·¬¸ ¿´´ °´¿²²·²¹ °±´·½·» ¬± ®»¼«½» ¬®¿ª»´ ¼·¬¿²½»ô ±°¬·³·¦» ®»«» ±º ©¿¬» ¸»¿¬ô ¿²¼ ±°¬·³·¦» °±¬»²¬·¿´ ±²ó·¬» »²»®¹§ ¹»²»®¿¬·±²ò ß °®»ª·±«´§ ¬¿¬»¼ô ¬¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ Ñª»®´¿§ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± °®±°»®¬§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ º«®¬¸»® ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ °´¿²ô ¿² ¿°°®±¿½¸ ¬± ·²¬»¹®¿¬·±² ±º ´¿²¼ «» ¿²¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² °´¿²²·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ »»µ ¬± ·²½®»¿» ¬¸» «» ±º ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ô ®»¼«½» °»®ó°»®±² ª»¸·½´» ³·´» ±º ¬®¿ª»´ ¿²¼ ®»¼«½» ¼»³¿²¼ º±® ¿«¬±³±¾·´»ó®»´¿¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ò ×²½®»¿·²¹ ¬¸» «» ±º ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ³¿§ ®»«´¬ ·² »²»®¹§ ¿ª·²¹ò Ì¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±² ±º ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² Ñª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± °®±°»®¬§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ ¿®»¿ ¿´± «°°±®¬ ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ Ñª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ò Ü»·¹²¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¿ ¿ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ³·¨»¼ «» ¿®»¿ · ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ¿²¼ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» °±´·½·» ¹·ª»² ¬¸» °®±¨·³·¬§ ¬± ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±²ô »¨·¬·²¹ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¾«ó®¿°·¼ ¬®¿²·¬ §¬»³ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ©·¬¸ »³°¸¿· ±² °»¼»¬®·¿² º®·»²¼´§ ¼»·¹²ò Õò Ý·¬·¦»² ×²ª±´ª»³»²¬ Û´»³»²¬ É¸·´» ²±²» ±º ¬¸»» °±´·½·» ¿°°»¿® °»½·º·½¿´´§ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸· °®±¶»½¬ô ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ «²¼»® Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ï ¿®» ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ò Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ß³»²¼³»²¬ Ý±²½´«·±² Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¾±ª»ô ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ®»³¿·²¼»® ±º ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿²ò Î»º·²»³»²¬ Ð´¿² ß¼±°¬·±²ñß³»²¼³»²¬ øÝ·¬§ Ú·´» Îß ïðóï÷ ×³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® · ¿½½±³°´·¸»¼ô ·² °¿®¬ô ¾§ ¬¸» ¿¼±°¬·±² ±º ¿ ²»© ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²æ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ò ×² ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ¿ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® º¿´´ °¿®¬·¿´´§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¾±«²¼¿®·» ±º ¬©± »¨·¬·²¹ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ô ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ²»½»¿®§ ¬± ¬¸»» °´¿² ¬± ®»½±²½·´» ¬¸» ¬¸®»» °´¿²ò Ì¸» »¨·¬·²¹ °´¿² ¿®» ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ô ©¸·½¸ »²½±³°¿» ¬¸» °±®¬·±² ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ´±½¿¬»¼ ±«¬¸ ±º Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ô ©¸·½¸ · ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸» °±®¬·±² ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ´±½¿¬»¼ ²±®¬¸ ±º Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ò Ì¸» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿±½·¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ®»¯«»¬ ½±²·¬ ±ºæ ß¼±°¬·±² ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¿²¼ °±´·½·»ô ¬± »¬¿¾´·¸ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îï ±º íî ß³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ¬»¨¬ô °±´·½» ¿²¼ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¬± ®»³±ª» ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ïê ¿½®» ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® º®±³ ¬¸» ¬«¼§ò ß³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¬»¨¬ ¬± ½´¿®·º§ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¼± ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ¾±«²¼¿®·»ò ß ¿ ®»«´¬ ±º ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ©·´´ ¾» ¬¸» ¹«·¼·²¹ °´¿²²·²¹ ¼±½«³»²¬ º±® ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Ì¸· °´¿² ½±²¬¿·² ¿ ²«³¾»® ±º ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¼»·¹² ¬¿²¼¿®¼ º±® ¬®»»¬å ´±½¿¬·±²ô ©·¼¬¸ ¿²¼ ¼»·¹² ±º ·¼»©¿´µ ¿²¼ ¾·µ» º¿½·´·¬·»å ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ±² ·²º®¿¬®«½¬«®» ²»»¼»¼ º±® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬± ±½½«®ô ¿²¼ °»½·º·½ ¼»·¹² ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ô «½¸ ¿ º±® ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±®³ô °¿®µ·²¹ ¿²¼ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ô ¿ ©»´´ ¿ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² º±® °¿®µ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ³·´´®¿½»ô ·² ¬¸» ½±²¬»¨¬ ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²·²¹ °®±½» ¬¸¿¬ ±½½«®®»¼ò Ü»·¹² ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ®»«´¬·²¹ º®±³ ¬¸» °®±½» ¿®» ¾»·²¹ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¿²¼ ½±¼·º·»¼ ¬± ·³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®ò Ñ²´§ ¬¸» ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¿²¼ »´»½¬ °±´·½·» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¿ °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ©·´´ ¾» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¿ ³¿²¼¿¬±®§ ¿°°®±ª¿´ ½®·¬»®·±² º±® ½»®¬¿·² ´¿²¼ «» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ô ¬¸» ®»³¿·²·²¹ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °´¿² ¿®» ¬± ¾» «»¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ½±²¬»¨¬ º±® º«¬«®» °´¿²²·²¹ ¼»½··±² ¿²¼ ¿ ¹«·¼» º±® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º º«¬«®» ¿½¬·±²ò Û«¹»²» Ý±¼» øÛÝ÷ Í»½¬·±² çòèìîì ®»¯«·®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ½®·¬»®·¿ ø·² ¾±´¼ ¿²¼ ·¬¿´·½÷ ¾» ¿°°´·»¼ ¬± Î»º·²»³»²¬ Ð´¿² ß³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ Î»º·²»³»²¬ Ð´¿² ß¼±°¬·±²æ øï÷ Ì¸» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¿´´ ±º ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹æ ø¿÷ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» °´¿²²·²¹ ¹±¿´ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¾±ª»ô ¿¬ ÛÝ çòééíðøí÷ø¿÷ô ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ô ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò ø¾÷ ß°°´·½¿¾´» °®±ª··±² ±º ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿²ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¾±ª»ô ¿¬ ÛÝ çòééíðøí÷ø¾÷ô ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ô ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» °®±ª··±² ±º ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿²ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò ø½÷ Î»³¿·²·²¹ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ò Ì¸» ½®·¬»®·±² ¿°°´·» ¬± ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ øïçèî÷ ¿²¼ ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ øïçèê÷ô ¿²¼ ®»¯«·®» ¼»¬»®³·²¿¬·±² ±º ©¸»¬¸»® ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸±» °´¿² ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»³¿·²·²¹ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °´¿²ò Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ·²½´«¼» ¾±¬¸ ¬»¨¬ô °±´·½§ ¿²¼ ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ®»³±ª» ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ º®±³ ¬¸» °´¿² ¾±«²¼¿®·»ô ¿²¼ ¬± ®»º´»½¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ¿²¼ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ·²½´«¼» ¬¸· ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» ¿®»¿ «¾¶»½¬ ¬± ¬¸ ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ½±²·¬ ±º ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ïê ¿½®» ´±½¿¬»¼ »¿¬ ±º Ê·´´¿®¼ Í¬®»»¬ô ¾»¬©»»² Û¿¬ ïë ßª»²«» ¿²¼ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ò ß ¬±¬¿´ ±º ïí °±´·½·»ô °´« ²«³»®±« ¬»¨¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸®»» ³¿° ø®¿´·¦»¼ ¸¿ª» ¾»»² ®»ª·»¼ ¬± ®»½±²½·´» ¬¸» ®»³±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» °±®¬·±² ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ º®±³ ¬¸» °´¿²ò Ú±® ·²¬¿²½»ô °±´·½·» ¿²¼ ¬»¨¬ ¬¸¿¬ °»½·º·½¿´´§ ®»º»®»²½» ¬¸» º±®³»® Ñ®»¹±² Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ó±¬±® Ê»¸·½´» ·¬»ô ©¸·½¸ · ´±½¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ô ¸¿ª» ¾»»² ®»ª·»¼ ¬± »´·³·²¿¬» ®»º»®»²½» ¬± ¬¸· ·¬»ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¸¿ ¿´± ¾»»² ®»ª·»¼ ¬± ²±¬ ·²½´«¼» ¬¸· ·¬»ò Ì¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¬»¨¬ ¬± ¾» ¿¼¼»¼ ¬± ¬¸» »²¼ ±º ×²¬®±¼«½¬·±² Í»½¬·±² ±º ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îî ±º íî Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ º«®¬¸»® »¨°´¿·² ¸±© ¬¸» ®»³±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»³¿·²·²¹ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °´¿²ô °¿®¬·½«´¿®´§ ¬¸±» °±®¬·±² °»®¬¿·²·²¹ ¬± °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¿ ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¾»¬©»»² ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¿²¼ ²±²ó®»·¼»²¬·¿´æ Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ³±¬ ±º ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ²±®¬¸ ±º Û¿¬ ïë¬¸ ßª»²«»ò Ì¸» Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ü·¿¹®¿³ øÓ¿° ê÷ ®»º´»½¬ ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ¾±«²¼¿®·» ¿º¬»® ¬¸» ®»³±ª¿´ ±º É¿´²«¬ Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ¬± ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ Ð´¿² ¿²¼ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ½¿®»º«´ ½±²·¼»®¿¬·±² ©¿ ¹·ª»² ¬± ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² Ü·¿¹®¿³ ¿ ®»º·²»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ¿²¼ ¬± ¬¸» ¦±²·²¹ ½±²¼·¬·±² ¿¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬·³»ò ß Û¿¬ ïë¬¸ ßª»²«» ¿½¬ ¿ ¿ ¬®¿²·¬·±² º®±³ °®·³¿®·´§ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¦±²·²¹ ¿²¼ «»ô °»½·¿´ »³°¸¿· ©¿ °´¿½»¼ ±² Û¿¬ ïë¬¸ ßª»²«» ¿ ¿ ¬®¿²·¬·±² »¼¹»ò Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿¼±°¬»¼ º±® ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ·²½´«¼» ¿ ¸»·¹¸¬ ¬»°ó¼±©² ¬± ¬¸®»» ¬±®·» ¿´±²¹ Û¿ ¬¸» ¬®»»¬ ¿²¼ ¼»·¹² ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ©»®» ·²½´«¼»¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¿ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ½¿´»ò Ð±´·½·» ®»´»ª¿²¬ ¬± ¬¸»» °®±°»®¬·» ©»®» ¿´± ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½· Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»³¿·²·²¹ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °´¿²ô ¿ ¬¸» ¬»¨¬ô °±´·½·» ¿²¼ ³¿° °»®¬¿·²·²¹ ¬± ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¸¿ª» ¾»»² ®»ª·»¼ ¬± ®»³±ª» ¬¸· ¿®»¿ º®±³ ¬¸» °´¿² ¿²¼ ®»º´»½¬ ¬¸» ·²½±®°±®¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸· ¿®»¿ ·²¬± ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ò É·¬¸ ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ô ¿²§ ·²½±²·¬»²½·» ¿®» ®»½±²½·´»¼ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ®»³¿·²¼»® ±º ¬¸» °´¿² ½¿² º«²½¬·±² ·²¼»°»²¼»²¬´§ò Ú«®¬¸»®³±®»ô ¬¸» ®»´»ª¿²¬ °±´·½§ ´¿²¹«¿¹» º®±³ ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ · ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ·²¬± ¬¸» ²»© É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ± ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸»§ ½±²¬·²«» ¬± ¿°°´§ ¬± ¬¸» ¿®»¿ô ¿²¼ ®»º´»½¬ ¬¸» ½±²·¼»®¿¬·±² ¹·ª»² ¬¸» ¿®»¿ °®»ª·±«´§ ·² ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ò Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¿®» ´·³·¬»¼ ¬± ®»ª··±² ±º ¬©± °±´·½·» ¬± ®»³±ª» ¬¸» ¿¾·´·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ÍóÎÐ Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» º®±³ ¾»·²¹ ¿°°´·»¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ±º ¬¸» °´¿² ¿´± ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ò ß ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¼±» ²±¬ ·²½´«¼» ¿ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¬¸¿¬ °®±ª·¼» ¹«·¼¿²½» º±® º«¬«®» ´¿²¼ «» °¿¬¬»®²ô ²± ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ²»½»¿®§ò Ì¸» ¿®»¿ «¾¶»½¬ ¬± ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ · ¬¸» °±®¬·±² ±º É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ´±½¿¬»¼ ²±®¬¸ ±º Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ò Ì¸» ®»´»ª¿²¬ °±´·½·»ô Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ð±´·½·» ï ¿²¼ îô ®»¯«·®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» Í°»½·¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ü·¬®·½¬ ø´¿¬»® ®»²¿³»¼ ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ÷ ¿°°´§ ¬± Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±©²»¼ ´¿²¼ ·² ¬¸¿¬ ¿®»¿ô ¿²¼ ¿´´±© ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ¬± ½±²·¼»® ¿°°´§·²¹ ¬¸» Í°»½·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬ ¦±²·²¹ º±® ±¬¸»® °®±°»®¬·» ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¿®»¿ ±²´§ ¿¬ ¬¸» ®»¯«»¬ ±º ¿ºº»½¬»¼ °®±°»®¬§ ±©²»®ò Þ±¬¸ °±´·½·» ¿®» ¿³»²¼»¼ ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¬»¨½»°¬ º±® °®±°»®¬§ ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¾±«²¼¿®·» ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ¾±«²¼¿®·» ¿´¬¸±«¹¸ ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ®»³¿·² ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ô ·¬ · ½´»¿® ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ÍóÎÐ Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ¼±» ²±¬ ¿°°´§ò ß ¿³»²¼»¼ô ¬¸» °±´·½·» ©·´´ ®»³¿·² ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸» ®»³¿·²·²¹ °®±°»®¬·» ·² ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ²±¬ ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ô ¿²¼ ¬¸« ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»³¿·²¼»® ±º ¬¸» °´¿²ò Ì¸» ®»³¿·²·²¹ °±´·½·» ·² ¬¸» °´¿² ©»®» »ª¿´«¿¬»¼ º±® ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼»½®·¾»¼ ¿¾±ª»ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ³¿¶±®·¬§ ±º ©¸·½¸ ¿®» ²±¬ ¿ºº»½¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ò Ñº ¬¸±» °±´·½·»ô ¬¸» »ª»®¿´ ©»®» ¼»¬»®³·²»¼ ¬± ¾» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ ¿²¼ ¿®» º«®¬¸»® ¿¼¼®»»¼ ¾»´±©ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ »ª¿´«¿¬·±²ô ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»³¿·²·²¹ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °´¿²ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îí ±º íî ÌÎßÒÍÐÑÎÌßÌ×ÑÒ ÐÑÔ×Ý×ÛÍ øÐ¿¹» êóè÷ îò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ ¸¿´´ ©±®µ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ô¿²» Ì®¿²·¬ Ü·¬®·½¬ô ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±²ô ¿²¼ »³°´±§»® ·² ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ ¿®»¿ ¬± ³¿¨·³·¦» ¬¸» «» ±º ¿´¬»®²¿¬» ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ò Ú¿½·´·¬·» ¿²¼ °®±¹®¿³ ©·´´ ¾» ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¬± ©±®µ ¬±©¿®¼ ¬¸» ¹±¿´ ±º ¿½½±³³±¼¿¬·²¹ ¿ «¾¬¿²¬·¿´ ²«³¾»® ±º ¬¸» ¬®·° ³¿¼» ¬± ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¿®»¿ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ³±¼» ±¬¸»® ¬¸¿² ¬¸» ·²¹´»ó±½½«°¿²½§ ¿«¬±³±¾·´»ò Ñ²» ±º ¬¸» º«²¼¿³»²¬¿´ °®·²½·°´» ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® °®±ª··±² · ¬± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ¿ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿°°®±¿½¸ ±º ·²¬»¹®¿¬·±² ±º ´¿²¼ «» ¿²¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² °´¿²²·²¹ò Ì¸» °®±°±¿´ »»µ ¬± ·²½®»¿» ¬¸» «» ±º ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ô ®»¼«½» °»®ó°»®±² ª»¸·½´» ³·´» ±º ¬®¿ª»´ ¿²¼ ®»¼«½» ¼»³¿²¼ º±® ¿«¬±³±¾·´»ó®»´¿¬»¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ò Ì¸» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿°°®±°®·¿¬»´§ «°°±®¬ ¿ ³·¨»¼ «» ½»²¬»® ·² É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±²ô ©¸·½¸ · °±·»¼ º±® «½¸ ¿ ³·¨»¼ «» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» ¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ · ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ¿²¼ »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ì¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ³¿¶±® »¨·¬·²¹ ¾«ó®¿°·¼ ¬®¿²·¬ ´·²» · °®±°±»¼ ¬± ¾» »¨°¿²¼»¼ ¿ °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²»¼ ³«´¬·©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ º¿½·´·¬§ ½±²½»°¬ ©¸·½¸ ©±«´¼ ½±²ª»®¬ ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ¿«¬±ó±®·»²¬»¼ Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ¬± ¿ ³«´¬·ó³±¼¿´ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ô °®±ª·¼·²¹ º±® ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² §¬»³ò ß «½¸ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ¿¾±ª» °±´·½§ò ìò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ ¸¿´´ °«®«» ½±²¬®«½¬·±² ±º °®±¶»½¬ ·²¬»²¼»¼ô ¾§ ¼»·¹² ¿²¼ ¬·³·²¹ô ¬± ¿ª±·¼ Ô»ª»´ ±º Í»®ª·½» þÛþ ·² ¬¸» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ½±®®·¼±®ò ß´¬¸±«¹¸ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ·²½´«¼» ¬¸» ³«´¬·©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ ½±²½»°¬ º±® Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ô ¬¸» °´¿² ¼±» ²±¬ ·²½´«¼» ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ³«´¬·©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ ¿ ¿ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò ß ²±¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» Ù±¿´ ïî Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² Ð´¿²²·²¹ Î«´» ¿²¿´§· ¿¾±ª»ô ©·¬¸ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±²ô ·º ¬¸» ³«´¬·©¿§ ¾±«´»ª¿®¼ °±´·½§ò éò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ô ·² ½±±°»®¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°»®ô ¸¿´´ ¼»ª»´±° ¿ °´¿² º±® ¿ ½±³°®»¸»²·ª» ¾·½§½´» °¿¬¸ ²»¬©±®µ º±® ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Í¬«¼§ ¿®»¿ ·²½´«¼·²¹æ ï÷ ¬¸» Í±«¬¸ Þ¿²µ Þ·µ» Ì®¿·´å î÷ ¬¸» Ó·´´ Î¿½» Þ·µ» Ð¿¬¸ ø·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Þ·µ»©¿§ Ó¿¬»® Ð´¿²÷å ¿²¼ í÷ ²»© °¿¬¸ °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¿½½» ¾»¬©»»² Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ±«¬¸ Þ¿²µ Ì®¿·´ ¿²¼ ¬± ¼»¬·²¿¬·±² ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¬«¼§ ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬ ·³°¿½¬ ¬¸» »ºº»½¬ ±º ¬¸· °±´·½§ò ×² Ö¿²«¿®§ îððèô ·² ½±±°»®¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ²«³»®±« ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® Û«¹»²» ½±³°´»¬»¼ ·¬ Ð»¼»¬®·¿² ¿²¼ Þ·½§½´» Í¬®¿¬»¹·½ Ð´¿²ò Ì¸» Ð´¿² «»¼ ¿ ½±³³«²·¬§ ª··±²·²¹ °®±½» ¬± ¼»ª»´±° ¹±¿´ ¿²¼ ¬®¿¬»¹·» ¬± ·³°®±ª» ©¿´µ·²¹ ¿²¼ ¾·½§½´·²¹ò ß² «°¼¿¬»¼ Þ·µ»ñÐ»¼»¬®·¿² Ó¿¬»® Ð´¿² · ®»¯«·®»¼ ¬± ¼»ª»´±° ·²º®¿¬®«½¬«®» ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ «°°±®¬ ¬¸» Í¬®¿¬»¹·½ Ð´¿²ò ß °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» ¬®¿¬»¹·½ °´¿² ·² ®»°±²» ¬± Ú¿·®³±«²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±® ·²°«¬ »ª»®¿´ ¾·µ» ¿½½» ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ¬¸¿¬ ¿´± °®±ª·¼» ¿½½» ¾»¬©»»² Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ¿²¼ ¬¸» Í±«¬¸ Þ¿²µ Ì®¿·´ ¿®» °´¿²²»¼ò ß² «°¼¿¬» ¬± ¬¸» Þ·µ»ñÐ»¼»¬®·¿² ³¿¬»® °´¿² ©·´´ ¾» ½±³°´»¬»¼ ¬± ¿´´±© ½±²¬®«½¬·±² ±º ¬¸»» ¾·µ» °¿¬¸ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °±´·½§ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ®»½±³³»²¼ ¿² »¿¬ñ©»¬ ½±²²»½¬·±² ±³»©¸»®» ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ³·´´®¿½»ô ¸±©»ª»® ¬¸» ¾·½§½´»ñ°»¼»¬®·¿² ³¿¬»® °´¿² °®±½» ©·´´ ¼»¬»®³·²» ¬¸» º·²¿´ ¿´·¹²³»²¬ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °±´·½§ò ÛÒÊ×ÎÑÒÓÛÒÌ ÐÑÔ×Ý×ÛÍ øÐ¿¹» çóïð÷ ïò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ¸¿´´ °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸» ®·°¿®·¿² ¬®·° ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ±«¬¸»®² ¾¿²µ ±º ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¬«¼§ ¾±«²¼¿®·» ¾§æ ï÷ ¼·®»½¬·²¹ º«¬«®» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿©¿§ º®±³ ¬¸· »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´´§ »²·¬·ª» ¿®»¿å î÷ »¬¿¾´·¸·²¹ ¿ ¾«ºº»® ¬®·° ¾»¹·²²·²¹ ¿¬ ¬¸» ¬±° ±º ¬¸» ¾¿²µ ¿²¼ »¨¬»²¼·²¹ ¿ ³·²·³«³ ±º íë º»»¬ ¬± ¬¸» ±«¬¸å í÷ »¬¿¾´·¸·²¹ ¿ ¼»»°»® »¬¾¿½µ ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸» »¿¬ Ó·´´®¿½» ±«¬º¿´´ ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îì ±º íî ¸»¿ª·´§ «»¼ ¾·½§½´»ñ°»¼»¬®·¿² ¿®»¿ ¿®±«²¼ ¬¸» ±«¬¸ ¿°°®±¿½¸» ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¦»² Þ·µ» Þ®·¼¹»å ¿²¼ ì÷ ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ô ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Û«¹»²» É¿¬»® ú Û´»½¬®·½ Þ±¿®¼ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ³¿¶±® °®±°»®¬§ ±©²»® ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ®·ª»®ù ¾¿²µô ¿² ¿½¬·ª» ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ °´¿² ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± »²¸¿²½» ¬¸» »²ª·®±²³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ²¿¬«®¿´ ª»¹»¬¿¬·±² ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ®·ª»®ù »¼¹»ò ×² ¬¸· ¿®»¿ô ¬¸» ®·°¿®·¿² ¬®·° ®»º»® ¬± ¬¸» ²¿®®±© ª»¹»¬¿¬·ª» ¬®·° ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ¬»»° ±«¬¸ ¾¿²µ ±º ¬¸» ®·ª»®ò Ì¸· °±´·½§ · ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸» ®·°¿®·¿² ¬®·° ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ®·ª»® ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ ®»«´¬ ·²æ ï÷ °®»»®ª¿¬·±² ±º ª¿´«¿¾´» ²¿¬«®¿´ »´»³»²¬å î÷ ®·ª»®¾¿²µ ¬¿¾·´·¦¿¬·±²å ¿²¼ í÷ °®±¬»½¬·±² ±º ¼»ª»´±°¿¾´» °®±°»®¬§ º®±³ °±¬»²¬·¿´ ¼»¾®· ¼«®·²¹ ³¿¶±® º´±±¼·²¹ ø¿ ®¿®» °±·¾·´·¬§÷ò Ì¸· °±´·½§ ¿´± ®»½±¹²·¦» ¬¸¿¬ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¿®»¿ °®±ª·¼» «²·¯«» ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» ¬± ½®»¿¬» ³±®» ±º ¿² «®¾¿² »¼¹» ¿´±²¹ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ®·ª»® ¬¸®±«¹¸ »²·¬·ª» ´±½¿¬·±² ±º ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ®·ª»®ô ¿²¼ ¬¸¿¬ ´±½¿¬·±² ±º ±³» °«¾´·½ ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ½¿² ±½½«® ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¾«ºº»® ¿²¼ ®·°¿®·¿² ¬®·°ò Ú±® »¨¿³°´»ô ¿ ¾·½§½´»ñ°»¼»¬®·¿² °¿¬¸ ½±«´¼ ¿°°®±°®·¿¬»´§ ¾» ·²½´«¼»¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¾«ºº»® ¬®·° ¿²¼ ¿ °«¾´·½ °´¿¦¿ ¿²¼ °«¾´·½ ¿½½» ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ½±«´¼ ¿°°®±°®·¿¬»´§ »¨¬»²¼ ¬± ¬¸» ®·ª»® ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» ®·°¿®·¿² ¬®·°ò Î¿·´®±¿¼ Ì®¿½µò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ¸¿ ¿¼±°¬»¼ Ù±¿´ ë øñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²»÷ ¿²¼ É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§ °®±ª··±² ¬¸¿¬ ®»¹«´¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»®ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ©·´´ ²±¬ ¿³»²¼ ¬¸±» °®±ª··±²ò Î»¬±®¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ®·°¿®·¿² »¼¹» ¾§ ®»³±ª·²¹ ·²ª¿·ª» °»½·» ¿²¼ ®»°´¿²¬·²¹ ²¿¬·ª» °»½·» ©¿ ®»½±³³»²¼»¼ ¼«®·²¹ »¿®´§ °¸¿» ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² °®±¶»½¬ò Ì¸» ¾±«²¼¿®§ ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® ©¿ «¾»¯«»²¬´§ ½´¿®·º·»¼ ¬± ²±¬ ·²½´«¼» ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ²±®¬¸ ±º ¬¸» ®¿·´®±¿¼ ¬®¿½µô ¾«¬ ¼±» ·²½´«¼» Ú®¿²µ´·² Ð¿®µ ©¸·½¸ ½±«´¼ ¾» ½±²·¼»®»¼ °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» ®·°¿®·¿² ¬®·° ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ®·ª»®ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ¼±» ®»½±³³»²¼ ®»¬±®¿¬·±² ±º Ú®¿²µ´·² Ð¿®µ ¿ ¿ ²¿¬«®¿´ ¿®»¿ ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ ·²½´«¼» ·²ª¿·ª» °»½·» ®»³±ª¿´ ¿²¼ ®»°´¿²¬·²¹ ±º ²¿¬·ª» °»½·» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °±´·½§ò îò Ì¸» »¨·¬·²¹ Ó·´´®¿½» ©¸·½¸ °¿» ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¬«¼§ ¿®»¿ · ¿² ·³°±®¬¿²¬ »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ ¿²¼ ¸·¬±®·½ ½·¬§ º»¿¬«®»ò Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±½½«®®·²¹ ·² ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ ¸¿´´ ³¿·²¬¿·² ±® ·³°®±ª» ª·«¿´ ¿²¼ ¾·½§½´»ñ°»¼»¬®·¿² ¿½½» ¬± ¿²¼ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½»ô »¨°¿²¼·²¹ ·¬ «» º±® °«¾´·½ ®»½®»¿¬·±² ©¸·´» ¿¬ ¬¸» ¿³» ¬·³» ®»½±¹²·¦·²¹ ·¬ ®±´» ¿ ¿ ¬±®³ ®«²±ºº ½¸¿²²»´ò Ì¸» »¨·¬·²¹ Ó·´´®¿½» ¬¸¿¬ °¿» ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ · ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ¿²¼ °®±¬»½¬»¼ ¿ ¿ Ù±¿´ ë ®»±«®½» ©·¬¸ ¿ ìð º±±¬ ½±²»®ª¿¬·±² »¬¾¿½µò Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ®»±«®½» ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ »¬¾¿½µ · ®»¹«´¿¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² ±ª»®´¿§ ¿²¼ · ´·³·¬»¼ ·² ¿®»¿ ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ²±¬ ¾»»² ¼»ª»´±°»¼ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» °®±ª··±² ·²½´«¼» ¿² »³°¸¿· ±² °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¿¼»¯«¿¬» ¬®¿²·¬·±² º®±³ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½»ò Ú±® ·²¬¿²½»ô ¬¸» °®±ª··±² ®»¼«½» ¸»·¹¸¬ ·² ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ ²»¿® ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½»ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Æ±²» °®±ª··±² °®±ª·¼» ¬¸» ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ ¬± ¼»ª·¿¬» º®±³ ¬¸»» ½´»¿® ¿²¼ ±¾¶»½¬·ª» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ ¼·½®»¬·±²¿®§ ¼»·¹² ®»ª·»© °®±½» ø¿ ´¿²¼ «» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² °®±½»÷ ©¸»®» ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ · ®»ª·»©»¼ ¾¿»¼ ±² ¼»·¹² ¹«·¼»´·²» ¿¼¼®» ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ·¬ «®®±«²¼·²¹ò Ó·´´®¿½» ¬®»¿¬³»²¬ ©¿ ¿°°®±¿½¸»¼ ©·¬¸ ³¿²§ ±°¬·±² ·²½´«¼·²¹ Ó·´´®¿½» °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¿ Í±«¬¸ ¾¿²µ °®±³»²¿¼»ô »²¸¿²½·²¹ ¬¸» ²±®¬¸ ¾¿²µ º±® ¸¿¾·¬¿¬ô °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¿ ³«´¬·ó«» °¿¬¸ ¿²¼ °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¬»° ¾¿½µò Ì¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ¬±®³©¿¬»® º«²½¬·±² ©·´´ ¾» «»¼ ¿ ¿ ©¿§ ¬± »²¸¿²½» ©¿¬»® ¯«¿´·¬§ º´±©·²¹ ¾¿½µ ·²¬± ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»®ô ¿´´±© º±® ½±²±´·¼¿¬»¼ ¬±®³©¿¬»® ¬®»¿¬³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ½®»¿¬·±² ±º Ù®»»² Í¬®»»¬ò ×² ¬¸» °®±½» ±º ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½»ô ¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ¼®¿º¬·²¹ ¬¸» º±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» ½±²·¼»®»¼ ó³±¼¿´ ¿½½» ´¿²» ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½» ©¿ ¿´± ½±²·¼»®»¼ò Ü«» ¬± ¬¸» «²½»®¬¿·² º«¬«®» ±º ¬¸» ³·´´®¿½» ·² ®»¹¿®¼ ¬± Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îë ±º íî ¬¸» Ë²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² ½±²¬·²«·²¹ ¬± °«³° ©¿¬»® ¬¸®±«¹¸ ·¬ô ¬¸» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² · ¬± ¬«¼§ ¬¸» »²¬·®» Ó·´´®¿½» ¾»º±®» ¿²§ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿®» ¿°°´·»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ¿®»¿ò Ù·ª»² ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¬®»¿¬³»²¬ ¿²¼ º«¬«®» ¬«¼§ ®»½±³³»²¼ ¿¾±ª» ·² ®»¹¿®¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ó·´´®¿½»ô ¬¸· °®±°±¿´ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» °±´·½§ò íò Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±½½«®®·²¹ ·² ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ ¿®»¿ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± °®»»®ª» ¿ ·¹²·º·½¿²¬ ½´«¬»® ±º ¾´¿½µ ´±½«¬ô Û²¹´·¸ ±¿µô ¿²¼ ®»¼´»¿º °´«³ ¬®»» ´±½¿¬»¼ ¶«¬ »¿¬ ±º ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ ´±½¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¾·½§½´» °¿¬¸ò ìò °¸§·½¿´ ¿½½» ¬± ¬¸» ®·ª»® ¿²¼ ¬¸» ®·°¿®·¿² ¬®·° ¿´±²¹ ·¬ ¾¿²µò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® ·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® ¿²¼ ·¬ ¾¿²µ ¾§ ¬¸» ®¿·´®±¿¼ ¬®¿½µò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Û«¹»²» ¸¿ ¿¼±°¬»¼ Ù±¿´ ë øñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²»÷ ¿²¼ É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»® Ù®»»²©¿§ °®±ª··±² ¬¸¿¬ ®»¹«´¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» É·´´¿³»¬¬» Î·ª»®ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿²¼ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» °®±ª··±² ©·´´ ²±¬ ¿³»²¼ ¬¸±» °®±ª··±²ò ×² «³³¿®§ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · º±«²¼ ¬± ¾» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»³¿·²·²¹ °®±ª··±² ±º ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË ±º Ñ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ò øî÷ Ì¸» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¿¼¼®»» ±²» ±® ³±®» ±º ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹æ ø¿÷ ß² »®®±® ·² ¬¸» °«¾´·½¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ò ø¾÷ Ò»© ·²ª»²¬±®§ ³¿¬»®·¿´ ©¸·½¸ ®»´¿¬» ¬± ¿ ¬¿¬»©·¼» °´¿²²·²¹ ¹±¿´ò ø½÷ Ò»© ±® ¿³»²¼»¼ ½±³³«²·¬§ °±´·½·»ò ø¼÷ Ò»© ±® ¿³»²¼»¼ °®±ª··±² ·² ¿ º»¼»®¿´ ´¿© ±® ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ô ¬¿¬» ¬¿¬«¬»ô ¬¿¬» ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ô ¬¿¬»©·¼» °´¿²²·²¹ ¹±¿´ô ±® ¬¿¬» ¿¹»²½§ ´¿²¼ «» °´¿²ò ø»÷ ß ½¸¿²¹» ±º ½·®½«³¬¿²½» ·² ¿ «¾¬¿²¬·¿´ ³¿²²»® ¬¸¿¬ ©¿ ²±¬ ¿²¬·½·°¿¬»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» ¬·³» ¬¸» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ©¿ ¿¼±°¬»¼ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¼± ²±¬ ¿¼¼®» ¿² »®®±® ·² ¬¸» °«¾´·½¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ô ²»© ·²ª»²¬±®§ ³¿¬»®·¿´ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¿¬»©·¼» °´¿²²·²¹ ¹±¿´ô ²»© ±® ¿³»²¼»¼ ¬¿¬» ±® º»¼»®¿´ ´¿©ô ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ±® °±´·½·» ±® ¿ ½¸¿²¹» ±º ½·®½«³¬¿²½» ²±¬ ¿²¬·½·°¿¬»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» ¬·³» ±º °´¿² ¿¼±°¬·±²ò Ì¸»®»º±®»ô ½®·¬»®·¿ ÛÝ çòèìîìøî÷ø¿÷ô ø¾÷ô ø¼÷ ¿²¼ ø»÷ ¿¾±ª» ¿®» ²±¬ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸»» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ «¾»½¬·±² ø½÷ô ¬¸» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿½¬·±² ¿¼¼®» ²»© ±® ¿³»²¼»¼ ½±³³«²·¬§ °±´·½·»ô ¿ º«®¬¸»® ¼»½®·¾»¼ ¾»´±©ò ×² îððïô ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Ý·¬§ Ý±«²½·´ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± Ì®¿²Ð´¿²ô ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¬¸» ´¿²¼ «» ½±¼» ¬± ·³°´»³»²¬ ¿ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬®¿¬»¹§ò Ì¸» ²»© Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² °±´·½·» ¿²¼ ¿³»²¼»¼ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ «°°±®¬ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ½¿´´ º±® ¬¸» ½·¬§ ¬± ¿°°´§ ¬¸» ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬®¿¬»¹§ ·² »´»½¬»¼ ¿®»¿ ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ °±¬»²¬·¿´ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ñÚ®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ Ý±®®·¼±® ©¿ ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ¿ ±²» ±º ¬¸»» °±¬»²¬·¿´ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ ·² Ì®¿²Ð´¿²ô ¿²¼ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¿ ¿ Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ©¿ ·²·¬·¿¬»¼ ·² îððíò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® ·³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬®¿¬»¹§ô ¿ º«®¬¸»® ¼»½®·¾»¼ «²¼»® ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¼¼®»·²¹ ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² °±´·½·» ¿¬ ÛÝ çòééíðøí÷ø¾÷ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò Î»º·²»³»²¬ Ð´¿² ß³»²¼³»²¬ Ý±²½´«·±² Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¾±ª»ô ¬¸» ¿½¬·±² ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ½®·¬»®·¿ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îê ±º íî Ý±¼» ß³»²¼³»²¬ øÝ·¬§ Ú·´» Ýß ïðóï÷ Ì± ·³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ô ¿ ©»´´ ¿ ¬¸» ®»´¿¬»¼ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ô ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ´¿²¼ «» ½±¼» øÝ¸¿°¬»® ç ±º ¬¸» Û«¹»²» Ý±¼»÷ ¿®» ·²½´«¼»¼æ Û¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» Û¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ±º ¿ Ü»·¹² Î»ª·»© ´¿²¼ «» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² °®±½» ¿²¼ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¿°°®±ª¿´ ½®·¬»®·¿ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ º±® ¿ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ñß°°´·½¿²¬ Ó»»¬·²¹ °®·±® ¬± «¾³·¬¬¿´ ±º ¿ Ü»·¹² Î»ª·»© ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ß¼¼·¬·±² ±º ß¼¶«¬³»²¬ Î»ª·»© ½®·¬»®·¿ °»½·º·½ ¬± É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ß¼¼·¬·±² ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ¿ ¿² ¿¼±°¬»¼ °´¿² Î»ª··±² ±º ±¬¸»® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿²¼ ½®·¬»®·¿ º±® ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ò Û«¹»²» Ý±¼» Í»½¬·±² çòèðêë ®»¯«·®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¿°°®±ª¿´ ½®·¬»®·¿ ø·² ¾±´¼ ¿²¼ ·¬¿´·½÷ ¾» ¿°°´·»¼ ¬± ¿ ½±¼» ¿³»²¼³»²¬æ øï÷Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬¿¬»©·¼» °´¿²²·²¹ ¹±¿´ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ô¿²¼ Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² ¿²¼ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ý±³³··±²ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¬ ÛÝ çòééíðøí÷ø¿÷ ¿¾±ª»ô ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ô ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬¿¬»©·¼» °´¿²²·²¹ ¹±¿´ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò øî÷Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» °®±ª··±² ±º ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¬ ÛÝ çòééíðøí÷ø¾÷ ¿¼¼®»·²¹ ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¬ ÛÝ çòèìîìøï÷ø½÷ ¿¼¼®»·²¹ ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ô ¿®» ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½» ¿ ¼»³±²¬®¿¬·±² ±º ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò øí÷Ì¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ÛÝ çòíðîð Ý®·¬»®·¿ º±® Û¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ±º ¿² Í Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ·² ¬¸» ½¿» ±º »¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ±º ¿ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²»ò ß ¬¸» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ·²½´«¼» ¬¸» »¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±² · ¿°°´·½¿¾´»ò Ý±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ÛÝ çòíðîð · ¿¼¼®»»¼ ¾»´±©ò ÛÝ çòíðîð Ý®·¬»®·¿ º±® Û¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ±º ¿² Í Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ò Þ»º±®» ¿¼±°¬·²¹ ¿² ±®¼·²¿²½» ¿¼±°¬·²¹ ¿² Í Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ¬¸» ½·¬§ ½±«²½·´ ¸¿´´ º·²¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · ·² ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ½®·¬»®·¿æ øï÷Ì¸» ¿®»¿ ¬± ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» Í Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» · ¾»·²¹ ¿°°´·»¼ ³»»¬ ¿¬ ´»¿¬ ±²» ±º ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ½®·¬»®·¿æ ¿ò· ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ±® ·² ¿ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿ ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» º±® ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±® º±® ¿ °»½·¿´ ®¿²¹» ±º «» ±® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ½¿² ¾»¬ ¾» ¿½¸·»ª»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» «» ±º ¿ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²»ô ±® ¾òÐ±»» ¼·¬·²½¬·ª» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ±® ²¿¬«®¿´ º»¿¬«®» ¬¸¿¬ ®»¯«·®» °»½·¿´ ½±²·¼»®¿¬·±² ¬± »²«®» ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô °®»»®ª¿¬·±²ô ±® ®»¸¿¾·´·¬¿¬·±²ò ×² ±®¼»® ¬± ¾» ½±²·¼»®»¼ ¼·¬·²½¬·ª»ô ·¬ ³«¬ ¾» ¼»³±²¬®¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬æ ·òÌ¸» ¿®»¿ · ½¸¿®¿½¬»®·¦»¼ ¾§ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ³»®·¬ °®»»®ª¿¬·±² ·² ±®¼»® ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸»·® °»½·¿´ º»¿¬«®»å ±® ··ò Ì¸» ¿®»¿ ½±²¬¿·² ²¿¬«®¿´ º»¿¬«®» ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ¾»»² ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ½·¬§ ¿ ©±®¬¸§ ±º °»½·¿´ ¬®»¿¬³»²¬ ±® °®»»®ª¿¬·±²ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îé ±º íî ß°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» »¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» · ¼»°»²¼»²¬ «°±² ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ½±²½«®®»²¬ Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ øÓß ïðóï÷ ¬± ¿¼¼ ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ¿²¼ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» ß®»¿ Ñª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» »²¬·®» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ «°±² ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ½±²½«®®»²¬ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ øÎß ïðóï÷ ¼»·¹²¿¬·²¹ ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¿ ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» º±® ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ñ³·¨»¼ «» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ¿¼¼®»·²¹ ¬¸» ·¼»²¬·º·½¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ¿ ¿ °±¬»²¬·¿´ ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿®»¿ô ¿²¼ ¿¼¼®»·²¹ ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ô ¿¬ ÛÝ çòééíðøí÷ø¾÷ ¿²¼ ÛÝ çòèìîì ¿®» ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½» ¿ ¼»³±²¬®¿¬·±² ±º ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò Ì± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ¬¸» ²±¼¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±® ³·¨»¼ «» ½±²½»°¬ô ¬¸» ½±¼» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ·²½´«¼» ¬¸» ¿¼±°¬·±² ±º ¿ º±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼»ò Ú±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» º±¬»® °®»¼·½¬¿¾´» ¾«·´¬ ®»«´¬ ¿²¼ ¿ ¸·¹¸ó¯«¿´·¬§ °«¾´·½ ®»¿´³ ¾§ «·²¹ °¸§·½¿´ º±®³ ø®¿¬¸»® ¬¸¿² »°¿®¿¬·±² ±º «»÷ ¿ ¬¸» ±®¹¿²·¦·²¹ °®·²½·°´» º±® ¬¸» ½±¼»ò Í«½¸ ½±¼» ¬§°·½¿´´§ ·²½´«¼» ·´´«¬®¿¬·±² ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿²¼ °®·²½·°´»ò É¸·´» ¬¸· · ¿ ¼»°¿®¬«®» º®±³ ¬¸» ®»¬ ±º ¬¸» ¿ º±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» ©¿ ½¸±»² º±´´±©·²¹ ®»¿±²æ ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ ½±¼» ¼±» ²±¬ ²»½»¿®·´§ º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ±® »²½±«®¿¹» ¬¸¿¬ ¬§°» ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² ¬¸· ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» ³·¨ ±º «» ½±²¬»³°´¿¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ´»²¼ ·¬»´º ¬± ¿ »¬ ±º ½±¼» °®±ª··±² ¬¸¿¬ ¿´´±© º±® ¿ ¾®±¿¼ ®¿²¹» ±º «» ®¿¬¸»® ¬¸¿² ½±³°¿®¬³»²¬¿´·¦·²¹ «» ¾§ ¼·¬®·½¬ ±® «¾ó¼·¬®·½¬ò Í·¹²·º·½¿²¬ ·«» º±® ²»¿®¾§ ®»·¼»²¬ ¿²¼ °®±°»®¬§ ±©²»® ¿®» ±º¬»² º±½«»¼ ±² ¬¸» º±®³ ±º ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·ò»òô ¬¸» ¸»·¹¸¬ô ·¦» ¿²¼ ¿°°»¿®¿²½» ±º ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ì¸» º±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» °®±ª·¼» °»½·º·½ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ º±® ¬¸»» ¿°»½¬ ±º ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ·²½´«¼» ¿ ½´»¿® »¬ ±º ¹®¿°¸·½ ¬± ·´´«¬®¿¬» ¬¸» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ± ¬¸»§ ¿®» ½´»¿® ¿¬ ¬¸» ±«¬»¬ò Ú¿½·´·¬¿¬·²¹ ³·¨»¼ «» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿¼¼®»» ±¬¸»® °´¿²²·²¹ ±¾¶»½¬·ª»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ³»»¬·²¹ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿®¹»¬ ¬± «°°±®¬ ¬®¿²·¬ô ½®»¿¬·²¹ ¿ °»¼»¬®·¿² º®·»²¼´§ »²ª·®±²³»²¬ô »²½±«®¿¹·²¹ ¿²¼ °®±ª·¼·²¹ ±°°±®¬«²·¬·» º±® °»±°´» ¬± «» ¬®¿²·¬ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ³±¼» ±º ¬®¿²·¬ô ¿²¼ ½®»¿¬·²¹ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ¿´´±© º±® ¿ º´»¨·¾´» »¬ ±º «»ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ©·´´ º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ²±¼¿´ ±® ³·¨»¼ «» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¿ ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿²¼ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò øî÷ß² ¿²¿´§· ±º ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ¸±© ¬¸» «» ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ±º ¬¸» Í Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ±®¼·²¿²½» ©·´´ º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²»¼ «» ±º ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ ±® ¬¸» °®»»®ª¿¬·±² ±® ®»¸¿¾·´·¬¿¬·±² ±º ¼·¬·²½¬·ª» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ±® ²¿¬«®¿´ º»¿¬«®» ±º ¾»²»º·¬ ¬± ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ò Ì¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® °®±¶»½¬ ·²½´«¼»¼ ¿² »¿®´§ ª··±²·²¹ °®±½» ©¸·½¸ »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ ¿ ¸¿®»¼ ª··±² º±® ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¿ ¿ ª·¾®¿²¬ °»¼»¬®·¿² º®·»²¼´§ ³·¨»¼ «» ½»²¬»®ò Ì¸» °´¿²²»¼ «» º±® ¬¸» °®±°»®¬·»ô ¬¸»·® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·²¬»²·¬·» ¿®±» ±«¬ ±º ¬¸· º±® ¿ ³·¨¬«®» ±º ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¿²¼ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «» ©·¬¸·² ¿ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¦±²»å ¸±©»ª»®ô ¬¸· ³·¨ ±º «» · ±²´§ °»®³·¬¬»¼ ·º °»½·º·½ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ¿®» ³»¬ô ©¸·½¸ ¿®» °»®½»·ª»¼ ¿ ¾¿®®·»® ¬± ³·¨»¼ «» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ì¸»» ¾¿®®·»® °®»½·°·¬¿¬»¼ ¬¸» ¿²¿´§· ±º ±¬¸»® ¿°°®±¿½¸» ¬± ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ ´¿²¼ «» ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ô ¿²¼ º±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» ¿®±» ¿ ¿ °±¬»²¬·¿´ ¬±±´ ¬± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ³·¨»¼ «» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ©¸·´» ¿´± ¿¼¼®»·²¹ ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§ ©·¬¸ «®®±«²¼·²¹ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¿²¼ ²¿¬«®¿´ ®»±«®½» ¿®»¿ò Ú±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» »³°¸¿·¦» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±®³ ¿²¼ ¼»ó»³°¸¿·¦» ®»¬®·½¬·±² ±² ¬¸» ¬§°» ±º ¿½¬·ª·¬·» ©¸·½¸ ¬¿µ» °´¿½» ©·¬¸·² ¾«·´¼·²¹ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» º±®³ó¾¿»¼ ½±¼» º±® ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» º±´´±© ¬¸· ³±¼»´ò Ë» ¿®» ¬·´´ ®»¹«´¿¬»¼ô ¾«¬ ©·¬¸·² ¾®±¿¼ ½¿¬»¹±®·»ò ß´´ «» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ¿ °»®³·¬¬»¼ ±«¬®·¹¸¬ ¿²¼ ½±²¼·¬·±²¿´´§ ·² ¬¸±» «» ¬¿¾´» ©·´´ ¾» ¿´´±©»¼ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ò ß ´·¬ ±º °®±¸·¾·¬»¼ ¿²¼ ½±²¼·¬·±²¿´ «» ©¿ ¿´± ¿¹®»»¼ ¬±ò Ì¸»» ³»¿«®» ¿®» ¿ ³»¿² ¬± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²»¼ «»ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îè ±º íî Ì¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ °®±°±»¼ º±® ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ¿¼¼®» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¸»·¹¸¬ ¾§ ¬¸» Ú®¿²µ´·² Þ±«´»ª¿®¼ ½±®®·¼±® ©¸·½¸ · °®±°±»¼ ¬± ¸¿ª» ¿ »ª»² ¬±®§ ±® çðóº±±¬ ¸»·¹¸¬ ³¿¨·³«³ô ¬± ¬¸» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ¬± ¬¸» ±«¬¸ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ³·´´®¿½» ¿²¼ ®·ª»® ¬± ¬¸» ²±®¬¸ô ©¸»®» ¬¸»®» · ¿ ¬¸®»» ¬±®§ ¸»·¹¸¬ ³¿¨·³«³ò Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ©»®» ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ©¸·½¸ º±½«»¼ ±² ½®»¿¬·±² ±º °»¼»¬®·¿² º®·»²¼´§ ¾«·´¼·²¹ò Ú«®¬¸»® °»½·º·½ ¿²¿´§· ±º ¬¸» ¿®»¿ · ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² ©¸·½¸ · ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®» ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ò Ì¸· ²»© ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² º±® ¬¸» ¿®»¿ °®±ª·¼» ¼»¬¿·´»¼ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ±² ´¿²¼ «»å °»½·º·» ¬¸» ´±½¿¬·±²ô ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¼»·¹² ¬¿²¼¿®¼ º±® ¬®»»¬å °»½·º·» ¬¸» ´±½¿¬·±²ô ©·¼¬¸ ¿²¼ ¼»·¹² ±º ·¼»©¿´µ ¿²¼ ¾·µ» º¿½·´·¬·»å °®±ª·¼» ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ±² ·²º®¿¬®«½¬«®» ²»»¼»¼ º±® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬± ±½½«®ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ °¸¿·²¹ ¿²¼ ¿´´±½¿¬·±² ±º ·²º®¿¬®«½¬«®» ½±¬å ¿²¼ °»½·º·» ¼»·¹² ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ô «½¸ ¿ º±® ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±®³ô °¿®µ·²¹ ¿²¼ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ô ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ¿°°´§ ¬± ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ì¸» ²»»¼ º±® ¬¸· °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» · ¬± ¼»ª»´±° ¿ ¦±²·²¹ ¬±±´ ¬¸¿¬ ¿´´±© º±® ³·¨»¼ «» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °´¿²²»¼ «» ±º ¬¸» °®±°»®¬·» ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±² · ³»¬ò øí÷Û¨½»°¬ º±® ¿®»¿ ¦±²» ÍóØ Ø·¬±®·½ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¬± ¾» ½´¿·º·»¼ Í Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ ·²½´«¼» ¿¬ ´»¿¬ c ¿½®» ·² ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» ¿®»¿ °®±°±»¼ º±® ÍóÉÍ ¦±²·²¹ ¬±¬¿´ ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ èð ¿½®»ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò øì÷Ì¸» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¦±²» ¬± ¬¸» °®±°»®¬·» °®±°±»¼ º±® ·²½´«·±² ·² ¬¸» Í Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ¿²¼ ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»¼ °®±ª··±² ±º ¿ °»½·¿´ ¿®»¿ ¦±²» ±®¼·²¿²½» ¿®» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ½®·¬»®·¿ º±® ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¿ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹»ô ¿½½±®¼·²¹ ¬± ÛÝ çòèèêë Æ±²» Ý¸¿²¹» ß°°®±ª¿´ Ý®·¬»®·¿ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¾»´±© ¿¬ ÛÝ çòèèêë Æ±²» Ý¸¿²¹» ß°°®±ª¿´ Ý®·¬»®·¿ ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±² ¿²¼ ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ò Ý±¼» ß³»²¼³»²¬ Ý±²½´«·±² Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸» ½±¼» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ©·´´ ½±³°´§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ½®·¬»®·¿ò Æ±²» Ý¸¿²¹» øÝ·¬§ Ú·´» Æ ïðóï÷ Ð®±°»®¬·» ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® ¿®» ½«®®»²¬´§ ¦±²»¼ Îóï Ô±©óÜ»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ô Îóî Ó»¼·«³ Ü»²·¬§ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ô ÐÔ Ð«¾´·½ Ô¿²¼ô ×óí Ø»¿ª§ ×²¼«¬®·¿´ô ÍóÎÐ Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ ¦±²» ¿²¼ Ýó î Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ø»» Û¨¸·¾·¬ ß ¬± ¬¸» ±®¼·²¿²½»÷ò ß °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸· ®»¯«»¬ô ¿´´ °®±°»®¬·» ©·´´ ¾» ®»ó ¦±²»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ©¸·½¸ · »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ «²¼»® ¬¸» ½±²½«®®»²¬ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ´¿²¼ «» ½±¼» øÝß ïðóï÷ò ß´´ °®±°»®¬·» ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ©·´´ ®»¬¿·² ¬¸¿¬ ±ª»®´¿§ò Ì¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ©·´´ ¾» ®»³±ª»¼ º®±³ ±²» °®±°»®¬§ ¿´±²¹ Ê·´´¿®¼ Í¬®»»¬ò Ì¸» ñÍÎ ±ª»®´¿§ ©¿ ¿¼¼»¼ ¬± ¬¸· °®±°»®¬§ ·² ïçéï ¬± ¿¼¼®» ¿½½» ¿²¼ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½·®½«´¿¬·±²ô ¾«ºº»®·²¹ ¿²¼ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ô ¿²¼ ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ·³°¿½¬ò Ý·¬§ ®»½±®¼ ·²¼·½¿¬» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬§ ¸¿ ¾»»² ·² «» ¿ °¿®µ·²¹ ´±¬ º±® °®±°»®¬§ ¬± ¬¸» ²±®¬¸ ø½«®®»²¬´§ Ê·´´¿®¼ Í¬®»»¬ Ð«¾÷ ·²½» ïçéîò Û«¹»²» Ý±¼» Í»½¬·±² ÛÝ çòèèêë ®»¯«·®» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¿°°®±ª¿´ ½®·¬»®·¿ ø·² ¾±´¼ ¿²¼ ·¬¿´·½÷ ¾» ¿°°´·»¼ ¬± ¿ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹»æ øï÷Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ½¸¿²¹» · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» °®±ª··±² ±º ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿²ò Ì¸» ©®·¬¬»² ¬»¨¬ ±º ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¸¿´´ ¬¿µ» °®»½»¼»²½» ±ª»® ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼·¿¹®¿³ ©¸»®» ¿°°¿®»²¬ ½±²º´·½¬ Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» îç ±º íî ±® ·²½±²·¬»²½·» »¨·¬ò ß ²±¬»¼ °®»ª·±«´§ô ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼·¿¹®¿³ ½«®®»²¬´§ ¼»·¹²¿¬» ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬·» º±® ´±© ¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ô ³»¼·«³ ¼»²·¬§ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ô °¿®µ ¿²¼ ±°»² °¿½» ¿²¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ò ß°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» · ¼»°»²¼»²¬ «°±² ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ øÓß ïðóï÷ ¬± ®»ó¼»·¹²¿¬» ¬»² °®±°»®¬·» ¬± ½±³³»®½·¿´ô ¿²¼ ¿¼¼ ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ¿²¼ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» ß®»¿ Ñª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ò ß ¿ ®»«´¬ô ¬¸» »²¬·®» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® ©·´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ º±® Ý±³³»®½·¿´ »¨½»°¬ º±® ¬©± °¿®µ °®±°»®¬·»ô ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ ®»³¿·² ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ Ñ°»² Í°¿½»ò ß »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ °®»ª·±«´§ô ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» · ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ·³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ±º Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¿²¼ Ð¿®µ ¿²¼ Ñ°»² Í°¿½»ô ¿ ©»´´ ¿ ¬¸» Ò±¼¿´ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ß®»¿ ¿²¼ Ó·¨»¼ Ë» ß®»¿ ±ª»®´¿§ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ «²¼»® ÛÝ çòééíðøí÷ø¾÷ô ¿¾±ª»ô ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½»ô ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ¬¸» ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿²ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²»ô ¬¸»®» ¿®» ²± Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² °±´·½·» ±® ±¬¸»® ¬»¨¬ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ±® ®»³±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ®»´¿¬·ª» ¬± ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬§ô ±® ©±«´¼ ±¬¸»®©·» °®»»²¬ ¿ ½±²º´·½¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ®»³±ª¿´ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò øî÷Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ò ×² ¬¸» »ª»²¬ ±º ·²½±²·¬»²½·» ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸»» °´¿² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿²ô ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ½±²¬®±´ò Ì¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¿®» ½«®®»²¬´§ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² º±® ¬¸· ¿®»¿ò ß °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®ô ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿²ô ¿ ²»© ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ô · ¾»·²¹ ¿¼±°¬»¼ º±® ¬¸» ¿®»¿ò Ý±²½«®®»²¬´§ô ¬¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ¿®» ¾»·²¹ ¿³»²¼»¼ ¬± ®»º´»½¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ²»© ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ·²½±®°±®¿¬» ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ò ß°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ·² ¼»°»²¼»²¬ «°±² ¬¸» ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸»» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¿²¼ ¬»¨¬ ¿³»²¼³»²¬ øÎß ïðóï÷ò ×²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·º·½ ß®»¿ Ð´¿² · ¿ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¬¸¿¬ ¼»·¹²¿¬» ¿´´ ±º ¬¸» °®±°»®¬·» ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ º±® Í ÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ®»¯«»¬ò Ì¸» Ú¿·®³±«²¬ñË²·ª»®·¬§ ±º Ñ®»¹±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Í¬«¼§ ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ · ¾»·²¹ ¿³»²¼»¼ ¬± ®»³±ª» ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® ¿²¼ ¬»¨¬ · ¿³»²¼»¼ ¬± »²«®» ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °®±°±¿´ò Ð±´·½§ ¬»¨¬ ·² ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ · ¾»·²¹ ¿³»²¼»¼ ¬± »²«®» ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· °®±°±¿´ ¾§ ²±¬ ¿´´±©·²¹ °®±°»®¬·» ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¬± ¾» ®»ó¦±²»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ò ß´¬¸±«¹¸ ¬¸» Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í¬«¼§ ·²½´«¼» ¿ ´¿²¼ «» ³¿°ô ·¬ · ²±¬ ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± ¹«·¼» º«¬«®» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ®¿¬¸»® °®±ª·¼» ¿ ²¿°¸±¬ ±º ´¿²¼ «» ¿¬ ¬¸» ¬·³» ¬¸» ¬«¼§ ±½½«®®»¼ò Ì¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¬ ÛÝ çòèìîìøï÷ø½÷ ¿®» ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®» ¾§ ®»º»®»²½» ¿ º«®¬¸»® ¼»³±²¬®¿¬·±² ±º ½±²·¬»²½§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¿¼±°¬»¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿²ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» ®»³±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» º®±³ ±²» °®±°»®¬§ô ¬¸»®» · ²± °±´·½§ ¾¿· ·² ¿²§ ±º ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ®»º·²»³»²¬ °´¿² ¬± «°°±®¬ ¬¸» ®»¬»²¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ±ª»®´¿§ô ²±® ¼±» ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´¿²¼ «» ¼·¿¹®¿³ ¼»·¹²¿¬» ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ º±® ¬¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²»ò ×¬ · º«®¬¸»® ²±¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ´¿²¼ «» ½±¼» ¸¿ «²¼»®¹±²» »¨¬»²·ª» «°¼¿¬» ·²½» ïçéïô ¿²¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ ½±¼» °®±ª··±²ô ¿´±²¹ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ¿¼»¯«¿¬»´§ ¿¼¼®» º¿½¬±® ®»´¿¬»¼ ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿½½» ¿²¼ ½·®½«´¿¬·±²ô ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ¿²¼ ¾«ºº»®·²¹ô ¿²¼ ´·¹¸¬·²¹ò ß «½¸ô ¬¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» · ²± ´±²¹»® ©¿®®¿²¬»¼ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±² ¸¿ ¾»»² ³»¬ò øí÷Ì¸» «» ¿²¼ ¼»²·¬§ ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ¾» ¿´´±©»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¦±²·²¹ ·² ¬¸» ´±½¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ½¸¿²¹» ½¿² ¾» »®ª»¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» ±®¼»®´§ »¨¬»²·±² ±º µ»§ «®¾¿² º¿½·´·¬·» ¿²¼ »®ª·½»ò Ì¸» ³·²·³«³ ´»ª»´ ±º µ»§ «®¾¿² º¿½·´·¬·» ¿²¼ »®ª·½» ¿®» ¼»º·²»¼ ·² ¬¸» Ó»¬®± Ð´¿² ¿ ·²½´«¼·²¹ ©¿¬»©¿¬»® »®ª·½»ô ¬±®³©¿¬»® »®ª·½»ô ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ô ±´·¼ ©¿¬» ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ô ©¿¬»® »®ª·½»ô º·®» ¿²¼ »³»®¹»²½§ ³»¼·½¿´ »®ª·½»ô °±´·½» °®±¬»½¬·±²ô Ý·¬§ó©·¼» °¿®µ ¿²¼ ®»½®»¿¬·±² °®±¹®¿³ô »´»½¬®·½ »®ª·½»ô ´¿²¼ «» ½±²¬®±´ô ½±³³«²·½¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·»ô ¿²¼ °«¾´·½ ½¸±±´ ±² ¿ ¼·¬®·½¬ ©·¼» ¾¿· øÓ»¬®± Ð´¿²ô Ù´±¿®§ °¿¹» Êóí÷ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» íð ±º íî É¿¬»©¿¬»®ô ¬±®³©¿¬»®ô ¿²¼ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² º¿½·´·¬·» ¿®» ½«®®»²¬´§ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ±® ½¿² ¾» »¨¬»²¼»¼ ·² ¿² ±®¼»®´§ ¿²¼ »ºº·½·»²¬ ³¿²²»® ©·¬¸·² ¿ ®»¿±²¿¾´» ¬·³» º®¿³» ¿ ²»»¼»¼ô ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò Ì¸» ¼·½«·±² ±º ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ù±¿´ ïï ¿²¼ ïî øÐ«¾´·½ Ú¿½·´·¬·» ¿²¼ Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ô ®»°»½¬·ª»´§÷ ·² ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ ¿¾±ª» ¿¬ ÛÝ çòééíðøí÷ · ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·² ¾§ ®»º»®»²½» ¿ º«®¬¸»® ¼»³±²¬®¿¬·±² ±º ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±²ò Ù®±©¬¸ Þ±«²¼¿®§ ¿²¼ ¿®» ¬¸»®»º±®» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬± »®ª» ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬§ò Î»³±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ©±«´¼ ²±¬ ¿ºº»½¬ ¬¸» °®±ª··±² ±º ¬¸»» µ»§ «®¾¿² »®ª·½»ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±² · ¿¬·º·»¼ò øì÷Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ·¬·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ »¬ ±«¬ º±® ¬¸» °»½·º·½ ¦±²» ·²æ ø¿÷ ÛÝ çòîïëð Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø¾÷ ÛÝ çòîìíð ×²¼«¬®·¿´ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø½÷ ÛÝ çòîëïð Ò¿¬«®¿´ Î»±«®½» Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø¼÷ ÛÝ çòîêïð Ð¿®µô Î»½®»¿¬·±²ô ¿²¼ Ñ°»² Í°¿½» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø»÷ ÛÝ çòîêèï Ð«¾´·½ Ô¿²¼ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò øº÷ ÛÝ çòîéíë Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø¹÷ ÛÝ çòíðëë ÍóÝ Ý¸¿³¾»® Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø¸÷ ÛÝ çòíïðë ÍóÝÒ Ý¸¿» Ò±¼» Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø·÷ ÛÝ çòíîðë ÍóÜÉ Ü±©²¬±©² É»¬·¼» Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø¶÷ ÛÝ çòííðë ÍóÛ Û´³·®¿ Î±¿¼ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò øµ÷ ÛÝ çòíêðë ÍóÖÉ Ö»ºº»®±² É»¬·¼» Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø´÷ ÛÝ çòíéðë ÍóÎÐ Î·ª»®º®±²¬ Ð¿®µ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø³÷ ÛÝ çòíèðë ÍóÎÒ Î±§¿´ Ò±¼» Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø²÷ ÛÝ çòíçðë ÍóÉ É¸·¬»¿µ»® Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø±÷ ÛÝ çòìîðë ñÛÝ Û¿¬ Ý¿³°« Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø°÷ ÛÝ çòìéïë ñÉÐ É¿¬»®·¼» Ð®±¬»½¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø¯÷ ÛÝ çòìééê ñÉÏ É¿¬»® Ï«¿´·¬§ Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ ø±²´§ º±® ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ¿¼¼·²¹ ¬¸» ±ª»®´¿§ ¦±²»ò Í»» ÛÝ çòìéèêò÷ò ø®÷ ÛÝ çòìçïë ñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ ø±²´§ º±® ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ¿¼¼·²¹ ¬¸» ±ª»®´¿§ ¦±²»ò Í»» ÛÝ çòìçêðò÷ò ø÷ ÛÝ çòìèïë ñÉÞ É»¬´¿²¼ Þ«ºº»® Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» Í·¬·²¹ Î»¯«·®»³»²¬ò ø¬÷ ß² «²½±¼·º·»¼ ±®¼·²¿²½» »¬¿¾´·¸·²¹ ¿ ·¬» °»½·º·½ ÍóØ Ø·¬±®·½ Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²»ô ¿ ½±°§ ß °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» ·³°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² º±® ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»®ô ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» · ¾»·²¹ »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ ·² ¬¸» ´¿²¼ «» ½±¼»ò ß°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸· ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ·² ¼»°»²¼»²¬ «°±² ¬¸» ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸»» ½±¼» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ øÝß ïðóï÷ò Ì¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ·²½´«¼» ·¬·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ô ©¸·½¸ ®»¯«·®»ô ·² ¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» ¿°°®±ª¿´ ½®·¬»®·¿ ¿¬ ÛÝ çòèèêëô ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ·¬» ¬± ¾» ®»¦±²»¼ ³«¬ ¾» ·²½´«¼»¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¼»°·½¬»¼ ±² ¬¸» ½±¼·º·»¼ ³¿° ¸±©·²¹ ¬¸» ÍóÉÍ É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Í°»½·¿´ ß®»¿ Æ±²» ¿²¼ Ú®±²¬¿¹» Ü·¬®·½¬ò Ý±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸»» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ô ¿´´ °®±°»®¬·» ¬± ¾» ®»¦±²»¼ ¿®» ¼»°·½¬»¼ ±² ¬¸» ®»º»®»²½»¼ ³¿°ô ¿²¼ ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°®±ª¿´ ½®·¬»®·¿ ¿¬ ÛÝ çòèèêë · »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ ·² ¬¸»» º·²¼·²¹ò Ì¸» Ý·¬§ · ®»¯«·®»¼ô ¿ °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ °®±½»ô ¬± ·¼»²¬·º§ ¬¸» º®±²¬¿¹» ¼·¬®·½¬ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ô ¿²¼ ¸¿ ³»¬ ¬¸· ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ¾§ ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸· ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ½±¼» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ »¬¿¾´·¸·²¹ ¬¸» ¦±²»ò Î»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» ®»³±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© ±ª»®´¿§ ¦±²» º®±³ ±²» °®±°»®¬§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ®»¬»²¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²»ô ¬¸»®» ¿®» ²± ·¬·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ñÍÎ Í·¬» Î»ª·»© Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²»ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ñÉÎ É¿¬»® Î»±«®½» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²» ·¬·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±²´§ ¿°°´§ º±® ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ¿¼¼·²¹ ¬¸» ±ª»®´¿§ ¦±²»ò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸» ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ©·´´ ½±³°´§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» íï ±º íî ½®·¬»®·±² øë÷×² ½¿» ©¸»®» ¬¸» ÒÎ ¦±²» · ¿°°´·»¼ ¾¿»¼ ±² ÛÝ çòîëïðøí÷ô ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ ±©²»® ¸¿´´ »²¬»® ·²¬± ¿ ½±²¬®¿½¬«¿´ ¿®®¿²¹»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ½·¬§ ¬± »²«®» ¬¸» ¿®»¿ · ³¿·²¬¿·²»¼ ¿ ¿ ²¿¬«®¿´ ®»±«®½» ¿®»¿ º±® ¿ ³·²·³«³ ±º ëð §»¿®ò ß ¬¸» ®»¯«»¬»¼ ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ¼±» ²±¬ ·²ª±´ª» ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ÒÎ ¦±²»ô ¬¸· ½®·¬»®·±² · ²±¬ ¿°°´·½¿¾´»ò Æ±²» Ý¸¿²¹» Ý±²½´«·±² Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ·²º±®³¿¬·±²ô ¬¸» ¦±²» ½¸¿²¹» ©·´´ ½±³°´§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ½®·¬»®·¿ò ÝÑÒÝÔËÍ×ÑÒæ Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ³¿¬»®·¿´ ·² ¬¸» ®»½±®¼ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿¾±ª» º·²¼·²¹ô ¬¸» °®±°±¿´ · º±«²¼ ¬± ¾» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¿°°®±ª¿´ ½®·¬»®·¿ò Ú·²¼·²¹ ó É¿´²«¬ Í¬¿¬·±² Ó·¨»¼ Ë» Ý»²¬»® Ó¿§ ïîô îðïð Ð¿¹» íî ±º íî