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<br />Nobel Peace Monument <br /> <br />Page 4 of7 <br /> <br />The award was shared with J. Austen Chamberlain of the United Kingdom. Dawes <br />developed and negotiated what was known as the Dawes Plan, a five year plan that <br />reduced the burden of German payments for the damages done in World War I. <br />This improved the economy of Germany and Europe after a period of ruinous <br />inflation in Germany. <br /> <br />1929 - Frank Kellogg, Secretary of State <br />Kellogg helped negotiate the Kellogg-Briand Pact that outlawed war, It was signed <br />by over fifty nations. <br /> <br />1931 - Jane Addams, social worker; and Nicholas Murray Butler, President of <br />Columbia University. <br />Addams was President of the International Women's League for Peace and <br />Freedom and Butler was the head of the Carnegie Endowment for International <br />Peace. It was Butler who proposed to Frank Kellogg the idea for the Kellogg-Briand <br />Pact. This was one of his many efforts for solving international problems through <br />conciliation. She was expelled from the Daughters of the American Revolution for <br />opposing World War 1. Addams aided Herbert Hoover in his post-World War I relief <br />efforts in Europe. <br /> <br />1945 - Cordell Hull, Secretary of State <br />Advocate of freer international trade by means of reducing trade restrictions. Hull <br />worked for Reciprocal Trade Agreements which he believed would reduce the <br />causes of war. President Franklin Roosevelt called Hull the father of the United <br />Nations. <br /> <br />1946 - Emily Balch and John Mott, peace activists <br />Balch helped found the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom and <br />was active in international relief efforts and on League of Nation's Committees. She <br />was fired from Wellesley College for opposing World War I[ but opposed U. S. <br />neutrality in World War II. In both World Wars Mott sought to improve conditions <br />in Prisoner of War camps. General Secretary of the YMCA International <br />Commission, Mott encouraged student exchanges and international student <br />movements. <br /> <br />1947 - American Friends Service Committee <br />The award was shared with the Friends Service Council of the United Kingdom. <br />Their motto is "It is better to suffer injustice than to commit injustice." Founded in <br />iSl0[ it is considered to be the very first peace organization. In both world wars it <br />was active in relief efforts making no distinction between friend and foe, <br /> <br />1950 - Ralph Bunche, United Nations diplomat <br />For 11 months Bunche worked on an agreement that ended the war between Israel <br />and the Arab nations even though the two sides never met together. He was the <br />Director of Trusteeship U. N.[ the organization working to prepare colonies for <br />independence. <br /> <br />1953 - George Marshall, Secretary of State <br />Formerly head of the U. S. army during World War II[ Marshall proposed and put <br />into practice the Marshall Plan, the main program of U. S. economic and financial <br />aid rebuilding war torn Europe after World War II. This became a model for other <br />foreign aid plans and is admired for its unselfishness. <br /> <br />file://C:\Documents and Settings\ceexelf\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\OLKIOB\... 8/8/2006 <br />