Item 2D: Nobel Peace Laureate Monument

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Nobel Peace Monument Page 5 of7 1962 - Linus Pauling, chemist and opponent of nuclear weapons testing. In 1964 Pauling won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and became only the second person to win Nobel Prizes in more than one field. In 1946 Pauling, Albert Einstein, and others formed the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists to petition against nuclear weapons. Pauling continued to organize similar protests. He was harassed for his efforts and at one time his passport was put on hold. Pauling's influence contributed to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963.. 1964 - Martin Luther King, Jr. Minister and advocate of non.. violence King was honored for the way he waged his struggle for justice. Instead of violence and war, he used the tactics of boycotts, demonstrations, and civil disobedience. to end racial segregation in the United States. He was influenced by Thoreau, Gandhi, and Christ, who once said, "Love your enemies." 1970 - Norman Borlaug, plant biologist. Working mainly in Mexico, Borlaug was a central figure in the "Green Revolution" that created new strains of maize and wheat that resulted in greatly increased crop yields. More than any other person of his age Borlaug helped to provide bread for a hungry world with an exploding population. 1973 - Henry Kissinger, U. S. Secretary of State Shared the award with Le Duc Tho of North Vietnam. The latter refused the award. After four years of negotiations Kissinger and Tho arranged a ceasefire agreement for war ravaged Vietnam. Kissinger's stated his goal was to achieve detente between competing systems of government ideologies. 1985 - International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. Starting in the United States at the height of the Cold War] by 1985 it included over 150,000 phySicians from over 40 nations, including the Soviet Union. Using as a moral base the commitment of doctors to protect life and preserve health, the organization works to educate the world about the dangerous consequences of nuclear war. 1986 - Elie Wiesel, author of works on the Holocaust A naturalized citizen born in Romania, Wiesel was a veteran of Hitler's concentration camps where many members of his family perished. He authored thirty books about persecution and the events of the Holocaust. He said, "I will conquer our murderers by attempting to reconstruct what they destroyed." 1997 - Jody Williams, activist, and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) The Nobel award was given because of their efforts to ban and clear landmines. WlIliams was active in humanitarian relief projects in Central America where she became aware of the dangers to innocent people posed by landmines. She organized the ICBL which eventually became a worldwide coalition of over 1,200 organizations in over 80 nations who shared her views. The climax to their efforts was the Ottawa Convention of 1997 which banned anti-personnel landmines. 2002 - Jimmy Carter, former President of the United States. Carter was honored for his decades of effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, advance democracy, and promote economic and social development. He is known for his conflict mediation efforts in the Middle East, Haiti, and Panama. His Carter Foundation is working to eliminate certain diseases file://C:\Documents and Settings\ceexelf\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\OLKIOB\... 8/8/2006