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Eugene -Springfield Area Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan <br />6. Appendices <br />A. Toxicity of the hazardous material. <br />B. Quantity of the hazardous material released. <br />C. Dispersal characteristics of the hazardous material, <br />D. Local conditions such as wind direction, topography, soil and ground water <br />characteristics, and proximity to vulnerable resources such as drinking water. <br />E. Population density in areas likely to be affected by hazardous materials <br />incidents. <br />F. Efficacy of response and recovery actions. <br />The principal modes of human exposure to hazardous materials are: <br />A. Inhalation of gaseous or particulate materials via the respiratory (breathing) <br />process. <br />B. Ingestion of hazardous materials via contaminated food or water. <br />C. Direct contact with skin or eyes. <br />Exposure to hazardous materials can result in a wide range of negative health effects on <br />humans. Hazardous materials are generally classified by their health effects and the <br />most common classes are summarized below. <br />Flammable materials are substances where fire is the primary threat, although <br />explosive and chemical effects may also occur. Common examples include <br />gasoline, diesel fuel, and propane. <br />Explosives are materials where explosion is the primary threat, although fire <br />and chemical effects may also occur. Common examples include dynamite and <br />explosives used in construction or demolition. <br />Irritants may inflame or burn the skin, eyes or airways after contact. Common <br />examples of irritants are acids, solvents, or detergents. <br />Asphyxiants are substances which interfere with respiration by displacing <br />oxygen. Nitrogen is a common atmospheric gas that when released in a <br />confined space may result in asphyxiation. Chemical asphyxiants are substances <br />that prevent the body from using oxygen or otherwise interfere with respiration. <br />Common examples are carbon monoxide and cyanides. <br />Anesthetics and Narcotics are substances which depress the central nervous system. <br />Signs and symptoms include drowsiness, weakness, fatigue, incoordination, <br />unconsciousness, paralysis of the respiratory system and death. Examples include <br />hydrocarbons and organic compounds. <br />6-148 January 2020 <br />